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Topic: Civil Works Administration

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Federal Emergency Relief Administration

Federal Emergency Relief Act

New Deal

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Great Depression

	An End to Civil Works
		Protest over the wage scale and the attraction that Civil Works' jobs had for common labor, particularly in the rural South, was of major importance and resulted in a serious crippling of the CWA structure even before the financial crisis was reached.
		Civil Works Service too has been developed with imagination and vigor, not feeling the restraint on type of project which was laid upon Civil Works proper by the rules of the Public Works administration.
		In the sickness of heart with which the sponsors of Civil Works have watched their structure brought to earth, they have not adequately refuted the charge of fair-weather friends that "it was something of a flop." Despite its faults and its difficulties, it was a grand adventure.
	newdeal.feri.org /survey/s342.htm (2749 words)

	Civil Works Administration - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Civil Works Administration was established by the New Deal during the Great Depression to create jobs for millions of the unemployed.
		In just one year, the CWA cost the government over $1 Billion and was cancelled.
		So much was spent on this administration because it hired 4 million people and was mostly concerned with paying high wages.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Civil_Works_Administration (206 words)

	EH.Net Encyclopedia: Works Progress Administration
		All WPA administrators, whether assigned to Washington or to the agency’s state and local district offices, were employees of the federal government and all WPA workers’ wages were distributed directly from the U.S. Treasury (Kurzman 1974, p.
		He presents evidence indicating that the long-term unemployed on work relief were “not very responsive to improved economic conditions” while the long-term unemployed not on work relief “were responsive to improved economic conditions” (Margo 1991:339).
		Because Harry Hopkins believed that the work provided by the WPA should match the skills of the unemployed, artists were employed to paint murals in public buildings, sculptors created park and battlefield monuments, and actors and musicians were paid to perform.
	eh.net /encyclopedia/article/couch.works.progress.administration (1920 words)

	Library Projects Under Public Works, Civil Works, and Relief Administrations
		The Civil Works Administration was set up to put 4,000,000 men and women to work as soon as possible for approximately three months.
		Work is to be at a living wage--"so that the daily or hourly wage is equal to that customarily paid in the community for similar work." Special grants earmarked for education will be made to the states.
		Evanston has secured ten high school graduates to be "hands and feet" to branch librarians and school librarians, to release the time of the professional people for work with the unemployed and their families; and has also secured a typist, a stenographer, and a file clerk.
	newdeal.feri.org /ala/al33539.htm (3168 words)

	[No title]
		Civil Works Administration workmen digging a trench for a sanitary sewer at Enid, Oklahoma.
		Civil Works Administration workers straightening a road and diverting three creeks that cross the road in less than 3/4 of a mile.
		Civil Works Administration workers sinking cofferdam for installation of a syphon for sanitary sewers near disposal plant in Enid, Oklahoma.
	www.ou.edu /special/albertctr/archives/PhotoInventory/Thomasph2.htm (2846 words)

	Job creation program - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Money was made available to local authorities to cover costs of materials and some administration, for projects such as kerb and footpath construction.
		The first large scale make work projects in the United States were introduced as part of the New Deal during the Great Depression.
		Departments like the Civil Works Administration, Public Works Administration, and most prominently the Works Progress Administration created thousands of jobs for the unemployed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Job_creation_program (358 words)

	Workfare vs. Fair Work
		Developed to provide work for people normally expected to be employed, these programs have treated participants with some respect, paid wages based on market rates, and provided work in a variety of innovative and socially useful projects.
		They created works of art, gave concerts, set up theaters throughout the country, even in small towns, set up nursery schools, served over 1.2 billion school lunches to needy children, gave immunizations, taught illiterate adults to read and write, and wrote state guidebooks--classics that are still in use.
		Work in the home raising children or caring for the sick or infirm should be recognized as "real" and socially necessary, worthy of social subsidy--but not only for welfare recipients.
	www.njfac.org /us16.htm (3423 words)

	North Carolina Emergency Relief Administration. Emergency Relief in North Carolina. A Record of the Development and the ...
		The issue of bonds for public works, non-productive of revenue, is a direct charge either upon the taxpayer or upon the public credit, the interest on which and the ultimate redemption of which must be met from taxation.
		Work for wages from relief funds is not an essential part of this phase of the program and will be provided only in so far as it is necessary to accomplish the primary objectives.
		To further reduce administrative expense, increase general efficiency, and to strengthen social work, the local administrations were consolidated, in the fall of 1934, into thirty-three, and later, thirty-one district units, the administrator assuming full authority over the counties in the district.
	docsouth.unc.edu /nc/emergencyrelief/emergencyrelief.html (15647 words)

	Alabama Archives: Teacher Packet -- The Great Depression
		Identify the purposes of the CCC, the CWA and the WPA
		Discuss the economic and civic significance of the CCC, the CWA and the WPA.
		Document 11: "C.W.A. Transit Project--Colbert County," Civil Works Administration Photographs, 1933-1934, Safety and Compensation Department, LPP5, box 4, folder 8, Alabama Department of Archives and History, Montgomery, Alabama.
	www.archives.state.al.us /teacher/dep/dep6/dep.html (776 words)

	Handbook of Texas Online: WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION
		The name of the agency was changed to Work Projects Administration on July 1, 1939, when it was made a part of the Federal Works Agency, but its continuity was unbroken and the purposes of the WPA remained the same.
		This figure perhaps reflects the level of administrative efficiency at that time rather than the need for employment, since the peak caseload of the relief commission came later, in February 1939, when 218,291 of the unemployed were on relief rolls.
		Activities of the Work Projects Administration in any given area of the country were dependent on the needs and skills of the persons on relief in that area, since the main prerequisite for WPA employment was one's certified relief status.
	www.tsha.utexas.edu /handbook/online/articles/view/WW/ncw1.html (1439 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		The Civil Works Administration was established by the New Deal during the Great Depression to create jobs for millions of the unemployed.
		Although the CWA provided many with jobs, a livelihood, and hope, there were many who criticized it for its expensiveness and limited effects.
		Al Smith and Harold Ickes were two main protesters, and it is much from their objection that the CWA was ended in March of 1934 because The Supreme Court made the new deal illegal and all of its Acts and Administrations illegal as well.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Civil_Works_Administration (299 words)

	::: Civil Works Administration Collection :::
		The Civil Works Administration was a subdivision of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration which provided work relief for a large number of men during the winter of 1933 and 1934.
		Photographs depicting CWA projects in the state of Washington include road construction and improvements, bridge construction and maintenance, waterway improvements, playfield and park improvements, water and sewage pipeline repairs, school maintenance projects, hospital and nursing activities, and airport improvements.
		Despite the efforts of the CWA and similar programs, unemployment persisted in the early years of Roosevelt's presidency.
	content.lib.washington.edu /civilworksweb/index.html (139 words)

	Library-Research Collections-Special Collections-CWA
		Civil Works Administration researchers began working in the Colorado Historical Society offices in 1933.
		In 1935, the C.W.A. was replaced by the Works Progress Administration which continued at the Society until 1941.
		The C.W.A. Pioneer Interviews are indexed in a card file that may be searched by the name of the interviewee or by subject.
	www.coloradohistory.org /chs_Library/research_coll_files/rc_cwa.htm (557 words)

	New Deal Cultural Programs
		PWAP was part of the Civil Works Administration (CWA), an experimental program in federal work relief, providing the unemployed with public service jobs during the bitter winter of 1933-34.
		The WPA philosophy was to put the unemployed back to work in jobs which would serve the public good and conserve the skills and the self-esteem of workers throughout the U.S. The Birth of "Federal One"
		The WPA was re-named from "Works Progress" to "Work Projects" Administration, and greater authority was handed over to the states, where projects suffered delays or derailments as local censorship took its toll.
	www.wwcd.org /policy/US/newdeal.html (4418 words)

	The WPA
		It ended in 1934 when the CWA was terminated, but it set the stage for the later establishment of the WPA’s art, music, theater, and writers’ projects.
		Fifty percent of the FAP workers were directly engaged in creating works of art, while 10 to 25 percent worked in art education; the rest worked in art research.
		In spite of the fact that the Works Progress Administration was generally considered to have been a success, it was not without its political detractors.
	www.broward.org /library/bienes/lii10204.htm (2076 words)

	civil works administration Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		New Deal Programs : Civil Works Administration CWA 1933 Provided public works jobs at $15/week to four million workers in 1934.
		The Civil Works Administration was established by the New Deal during the Great Depression to create make work jobs...
		The Civil Works Administration was a subdivision of the Federal Emergency Relief...
	www.office-101.info /civil-works-administration (174 words)

	Hopkins, Harry Lloyd. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		A social worker, he was appointed (1931) head of New York’s Temporary Emergency Relief Administration by Franklin Delano Roosevelt, then governor of New York.
		Two years later, after Roosevelt became President, Hopkins was made chief of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) and of the Civil Works Administration, which grew out of the FERA.
		In 1935 he became head of the Works Progress Administration.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ho/HopkinsH.html (204 words)

	GeorgiaInfo - Carl Vinson Institute of Government
		Additionally, the CWA paved roads, surveyed social relief agencies, maintained a transient shelter, organized a forty-five-member symphony orchestra, provided clerical help at the state library, and staffed professional positions in the pubic schools in Fulton County.
		Most CWA workers greatly appreciated their jobs, but as happens in most large organizations, there were a small number of unproductive workers.
		The Roosevelt Administration considered the WPA to be a temporary agency as the CWA and the FERA had been.
	www.cviog.uga.edu /Projects/gainfo/FDRarticle4.htm (8548 words)

	HistoryLink Essay:King County Historical Bibliography, Part 14: WPA
		The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was created in 1935 by Executive Order of President Franklin D. Roosevelt and an emergency appropriation of the U.S. Congress to address the severe unemployment problems of the nationwide Great Depression.
		The WPA absorbed the Public Works Administration, but the National Youth Administration was removed from it, becoming part of the Federal Security Agency.
		Municipal Code of the City of Seattle, 7 Vols., A Works Progress Administration Project, Being a Compilation of the General Ordinances of the City of Seattle to November, 1936, Under Howard A. Hanson, who was employed by the City to Formulate the Plan for the Code and to Superintend Its Compilation, 1936, Seattle.
	www.historylink.org /essays/printer_friendly/index.cfm?file_id=7156 (5793 words)

	WPA Guide Home
		These listings consist of archival records related to the administration and implementation of projects funded by the Work Projects Administration (WPA) or its predecessor agencies, the Civil Works Administration (CWA), Federal Relief Administration and the Works Progress Administration.
		The Federal records for the WPA are held, for the most part, by the National Archives in College Park, Maryland, in Records of Work Projects Administration (Record Group 69).
		Work Projects Administration (WPA) projects varied widely in scope and were often carried out in cooperation with state and community resources.
	www.cityofseattle.net /CityArchives/Resources/WPA2_files/WPAGuide.htm (472 words)

	Truman Library - Harry S. Truman Papers
		After two years working as a membership salesman for the Kansas City Automobile Club, he successfully ran for Presiding Judge of Jackson County, being unopposed in the primary.
		In addition, there are memoranda regarding county employee allotments for, and rules and regulations of, federal programs dealing with public and civil works, utilized during his stint as Missouri State Director of Reemployment.
		The Harry S. Truman Library and Museum is one of twelve Presidential Libraries administered by the National Archives and Records Administration.
	www.trumanlibrary.org /hstpaper/judge.htm (1424 words)

	National Park Service: Expansion of the NPS in the 1930s (Chapter 3)
		An examination of the activities of the CWA under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service, which were carried out between November 28, 1933, and April 28, 1934, serves as a good example of how a New Deal emergency public works program supplemented the ongoing implementation of the National Park Service program.
		To assist in the administration of this program the Park Service director was requested to organize and supervise the work of as many workers as could be used profitably in connection with work in the national parks and monuments.
		The CWA program under the jurisdiction of the Park Service employed a total of 12,942 men and 192 women prior to its abolition and performed a number of park development projects.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/unrau-williss/adhi3c.htm (305 words)

	Federal Theatre Project Collection
		Using Civil Works Administration funds, the project was started in the Fine Arts Division in late 1933 with twenty-three part-time workers.
		Several Civil Works Administration workers assisted in sorting periodicals and other publications in the Smithsonian deposit, the basis of the Library's rapidly growing science collection.
		Three years later, fifty relief workers were assigned to the Law Library to resume the work and take on the new task of starting an "index on constitutional law." By the end of the year the temporary help had disappeared, but the work has since been carried out by the Law Library staff.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/fedtp/ftcole02.html (1042 words)

	Civil Works Administration
		The CWA was to hire workers to assist in the creation of public projects.
		During its existence, the CWA paid approximately forty-nine thousand dollars in wages to Ohioans, helping them to meet their needs during the Great Depression.
		The Civil Works Administration remained in operation until March 1934, when the federal government terminated the program due to its tremendous costs.
	www.ohiohistorycentral.org /entry.php?rec=863 (205 words)

	Federal Theatre Project Collection: About the WPA Federal Theatre Project
		It was an effort of the administration of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt to provide work for unemployed professionals in the theater during the Great Depression which followed the stock market crash of October 1929.
		Before the creation of the Works Progress Administration and the Federal Theatre Project, various drama units were established in 1934 by Harry Hopkins through an earlier Federal agency, the Civil Works Administration.
		As the Drama Department of the Works Division Emergency Relief Bureau, the undertaking was launched under the sponsorship of the Board of Education of New York City.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/fedtp/ftwpa.html (3103 words)

	Historic Dates For Franklin D. Roosevelt - Today in History
		May 12, 1933 - One of Roosevelt's first acts under his "New Deal" was the creation of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration to combat the effects of unemployment devastating the U.S. May 27, 1933 - The Federal Securities Act was created that brought a number of financial amenities under the jurisdiction of the government.
		The Public Works Administration created jobs in local communities while the FDIC protected the investments of bank customers.
		The act established a set minimum wage and regulated overtime as well as working restrictions for children.
	www.bellaonline.com /articles/art16399.asp (796 words)

	Harvey P. Smith: An Inventory of his Drawings and Field Notes, 1929-1957
		Among Smith's best known works are the residence for Siamese twins Violet and Daisy Hilton (demolished), the Joske Boy Scout Training Center (1926) and the Sunken Garden Theater in Brackenridge Park (1937), which he designed in association with George Willis and Charles Boelhauwe.
		Smith's work on the Governor's Palace led to his selection in 1933 to oversee the restoration project on the Mission San Jose y San Miguel de Aguayo in San Antonio.
		In addition to his work on San Jose, Smith was involved in the restoration of Mission San Francisco de la Espada, and in preparing drawings of other surviving colonical structures in San Antonio.
	www.lib.utexas.edu /taro/utaaa/00024/00024-P.html (2394 words)

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