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Topic: Civil and social disobedience

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	Why War? Keywords: Civil Disobedience (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The term "civil disobedience" characterises the active refusal to obey certain laws, demands and commands of a government or of an occupying power without resorting to physical violence.
		Civil disobedience was practise in Ireland in the fight against British colonisation.
		Civil disobedience has served as a major tactic of nationalist movements in former colonies in Africa and Asia prior to their gaining independence.
	www.why-war.com /encyclopedia/concepts/civil_disobedience (1096 words)

	AllRefer.com - civil disobedience (Social Reform) - Encyclopedia
		Practitioners of civil disobediance basing their actions on moral right and usually employ the nonviolent technique of passive resistance in order to bring wider attention to the injustice.
		The philosophy and tactics of civil disobedience have been used by Quakers and other religious groups, the British labor movement, suffragists, feminists, adherents of prohibition, pacifists and other war resisters (see conscientious objector), supporters of the disabled, and a wide variety of other dissenters.
		Civil disobedience in the United States traditionally has been associated with those on the left of the political spectrum, as were most participants in the anti–Vietnam War movement, but toward the end of the 20th cent.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/civdisob.html (640 words)

	Civil Disobedience St. James Encyclopedia of Pop Culture - Find Articles
		Civil disobedience is a nonviolent, deliberate, and conspicuous violation of a law or social norm, or a violation of the orders of civil authorities, in order to generate publicity and public awareness of an issue.
		Civil disobedience brings people into the political system who were previously outside the system and is one of the few tactics available to empower concerned citizens who lack any other means to press their demands for change.
		Social pathology is the failure to conform to civil law because failures in the individual's socialization and education processes leave the individual normless and, therefore, free to pursue his personal self-interest and selfish desires without concern for law.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_g1epc/is_tov/ai_2419100256 (948 words)

	Health Care Civil Disobedience: A Necessary Tool To Achieve Universal Healthcare and Fulfill the Universal Declaration ...
		I begin with a definition of civil disobedience, then describe health care issues that have given rise to civil disobedience in the United States and elsewhere in the past quarter century, and finally discuss types of civil disobedience that health professionals might undertake on behalf of the uninsured.
		Civil disobedience consists of publicly announced defiance of specific laws or policies which an individual or group believes to be unjust or unconstitutional.
		The defiance must be publicly announced since the purpose of civil disobedience is to bring the perceived unjust laws/policies to the attention of the public, with the ultimate purpose of stirring public conscience to change policies.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /Health/Civil_Disobedience.html (2385 words)

	The Role of Civil Disobedience in Democracy
		Civil Disobedience is the act of disobeying a law on grounds of moral or political principle.
		The classic treatise on this topic is Henry David Thoreau's "On the Duty of Civil Disobedience," which states that when a person's conscience and the laws clash, that person must follow his or her conscience.
		Massive acts of civil disobedience took place at nuclear power facilities across the country, followed by worldwide protests against first-strike nuclear weapons, occupying military bases, maintaining peace camps, interfering with manufacture and transport of nuclear bombs and devices, marching, sitting in, blockading and otherwise disrupting business as usual at nuclear sites.
	www.civilliberties.org /sum98role.html (1142 words)

	Guide to Civil Disobedience : Resources : Wage Peace Campaign : AFSC
		Civil disobedience is a refusal to obey an order from a civil authority or public nonviolent violation of a legal prohibition.
		As understood by the American Friends Service Committee, civil disobedience is a conscience-based, heartfelt action which, while in violation of the law, reflects and draws on the religious convictions that are the base of AFSC's service and which witnesses to AFSC perspectives on major societal issues.
		When contemplating civil disobedience, therefore, an individual should be aware of its potential for good or ill, and before undertaking it, carefully examine his or her options, motivations, and attitudes.
	www.afsc.org /iraq/activism/civil-disobedience.htm (856 words)

	Civil Disobedience
		Civil disobedience is about purposefully disobeying a law or rule to make a point, to try and change laws and rules in a specific situation, and is disobedience that is executed in a non-violent manner.
		The arguments against civil disobedience are that if people start disobeying laws, there could be a slippery slope effect and cause more and more unrest and soon no one would obey laws because every law might seem unjust to someone.
		This possibility means that each individual case of civil disobedience must be thought of as just that; an individual case, not an example for disobeying all established law.
	members.aol.com /wutsamada2/ethics/essays/pitts.htm (1991 words)

	Talk:Civil disobedience - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		"Civil and Social disobedience" is may derived from these ideas but presents itself as a modern movement which deserves a separate article.
		I at least think that the civil and social article should be mentioned in the civil article.
		I think that the Civil and social disobedience should be deleated, and just mentioned in the Civil disobedience article, because there is not enough in the article to make it its' own article, and I think that it only deserves a quick mentin in the Civil disobedience article.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Civil_disobedience (704 words)

	Tute Bianche - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tute Bianche was a militant Italian social movement, active from 1994 through 2001, and based on the idea of covering one's body with padding so as to resist the blows of police, to push through police lines, and to march together in large blocks for mutual protection during demonstrations.
		This practice came to be associated with civil disobedience during the International Monetary Fund and World Bank protests in Prague, Czech Republic, on September 26, 2000, in which those who offered symbolic physical resistance by crossing police lines while covered in padding joined the yellow line, which was associated with civil disobedience.
		Currently, civil and social disobedience includes the creation of autonomous squatted social centers and political activism for migration rights.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Civil_and_social_disobedience (471 words)

	Peter Suber, "Civil Disobedience"
		Civil disobedience is a form of protest in which protestors deliberately violate a law.
		Most activists who perform civil disobedience are scrupulously non-violent, and willingly accept legal penalties.
		While civil disobedience in a broad sense is as old as the Hebrew midwives' defiance of Pharaoh, most of the moral and legal theory surrounding it, as well as most of the instances in the street, have been inspired by Thoreau, Gandhi, and King.
	www.earlham.edu /~peters/writing/civ-dis.htm (1767 words)

	Civil Disobedience (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Civil disobedience means a conscious refusal to obey laws or government commands when they are deemed unjust.
		Whether or not breaking a law amounts to civil disobedience depends both on the nature of the law and the purpose of the violator.
		It might be that petty disobedience serves as a psychological outlet for people obliged to yield continually before more serious infringements of their liberty, and who have interiorized their slavery to the point of thinking that liberty means violating stop signs or cheating their neighbors.
	www.pierrelemieux.org /artho.html (2252 words)

	Civil Disobedience (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		For him, civil law, no matter how well crafted, can never be the final authority; there is always a "higher law" that must be considered and must be obeyed.
		Civil disobedience, especially since Gandhi, is synonymous with nonviolent dissent.
		Nonviolent civil disobedience was a critical factor in gaining women the right to vote in the United States, as well.
	www.accd.edu /pac/philosop/phil1301/civildisob.htm (2868 words)

	The Role of Civil Disobedience in Promoting US Democracy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The acts of civil disobedience in the period preceding the Revolutionary War are quite well known, but often ignored when contemporary acts are judged, not by standards of justice, but by narrow technical standards of war.
		The people who committed that act of civil disobedience were not prosecuted, despite their violation of the law, because it was recognized that the moral end of their action superseded the technicality of breaking the law.
		Civil disobedience therefore is not to be punished because it is a technical violation of law, but to be honored as part of the American tradition, enhancing democracy.
	www.und.edu /org/bridges/zinn.html (570 words)

	Working Toward Social Change with Civil Disobedience
		Civil disobedience is defined as an act of breaking a law to draw public attention to a problem concerning human rights.
		Civil disobedience is generally nonviolent, and most citizens that participate in such actions are not trying to defy law enforcement, but are looking for expressive, yet peaceful ways to be heard on certain issues.
		Although Thoreau is known for defining the term civil disobedience, such actions had been taking place long before the famous essay was published.
	www.njsbf.com /njsbf/student/respect/spring02-1.cfm (962 words)

	ON ELECTRONIC CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE BY STEFAN WRAY
		This adds credence to the notion that rather than pure electronic civil disobedience, we are likely to see a proliferation of hybridized actions that involve a multiplicity of tactics, combining actions on the street and actions in cyberspace.
		But as attempts to prevent people from engaging in traditional civil disobedience have failed before or have at least not been universally successful, we can expect that whatever net the government creates in attempts to capture future cyber-activists will be strewn with holes and ways of evasion will be possible.
		In the near future, we can expect to see hybrid civil disobedience actions that will involve people taking part in electronic civil disobedience from behind their computer screens while simultaneously people are engaging in more traditional forms of civil disobedience out in the streets.
	cristine.org /borders/Wray_Essay.html (2705 words)

	Civil disobedience Summary
		It has been suggested that Civil and social disobedience be merged into this article or section.(Discuss) Civil disobedience encompasses the active refusal to obey certain laws, demands and commands of a government or of an occupying power without resor...
		The theory of civil disobedience, as defined and practiced by Henry David Thoreau, Ghandi, and Martin Luther King Jr., and its history in the United States, including the civil rights movement and protests of the Vietnam War.
		Civil disobedience: An anti-war activist is arrested for civil disobedience on the steps of the Supreme Court of the United States on February 9, 2005.
	www.bookrags.com /Civil_disobedience (235 words)

	Civil Disobedience
		So it is against this backdrop of biblical obedience to civil authorities that we discuss the issue of civil disobedience.
		In our survey of biblical instances of civil disobedience, we have found that in each situation there was a direct conflict between God's law and man's law.
		Although the Bible does permit civil disobedience, proponents of Operation Rescue leave many unanswered questions at a time when their actions should bear the burden of proof.
	www.leaderu.com /orgs/probe/docs/civildis.html (2194 words)

	Civil Disobedience and the Underground Railroad
		"Civil Disobedience." As a way of perpetuating the example he could not set in person, Thoreau told about his experience in 1848 in a lecture "on the relation of the individual to the State" at the Concord Meeting Hall, to satisfy curious townsmen about his jail time.
		That essay was published (as "Resistance to Civil Government") by the Concord educator and activist Elizabeth Palmer Peabody in 1849 in the first (and only) issue of her journal, Aesthetic Papers - not exactly a wide-reaching publication.
		Thoreau's refusal of government did not stop with the passive resistance that we identify with his tax protest in "Civil Disobedience." As the storm clouds of slavery gathered and darkened, Thoreau angrily began to side with those who believed that violence was necessary to win against an unjust institution.
	www.calliope.org /thoreau/thurro/thurro1.html (1752 words)

	On Electronic Civil Disobedience
		The Critical Art Ensemble’s (1996) Electronic Civil Disobedience provides us with a useful benchmark or launch pad from where we can travel back to the historical practice of civil disobedience in the United States and travel forward to the imagined practice of civil disobedience in the near future.
		There are already examples now in existence of the theory and the practice of electronic civil disobedience, as well as evidence of government and corporate awareness of the potential threat posed by sophisticated cyber-activism.
		The variorum Walden and the variorum Civil disobedience.
	www.thing.net /~rdom/ecd/oecd.html (2696 words)

	Harvey Wheeler: The Constitutionality of Civil Disobedience
		Civil Disobedience is rooted in the underlying principles of Anglo-American constitutionalism.
		Civil Disobedience and the doctrine of the king's wicked advisors were central colonial issues.
		If deviant and disobedient behavior in actual practice were to become as widespread as this constitutionally protected right theoretically might permit, and thereby truly injure the fabric of society, bringing the maintenance of law and order to an end, that would constitute proof that the society no longer deserved the support of the people.
	www.constitution.org /hwheeler/constcivdisobed.htm (7253 words)

	Anti Essays : Free Essays on Civil Disobedience vs. Lawbreaking Essay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Because civil disobedience includes the violation laws, it is difficult to conclude whether an act is one of civil disobedience, or lawbreaking.
		During times of social strife- when a society is divided in opinion- there exists much controversy over whether or not certain acts of protest are qualified as civil disobedience.
		However, since civil disobedience usually takes place during a time of great social strife, acts of peaceful resistance have historically been countered with violence from the side of those whose intent it was to preserve the status quo.
	www.antiessays.com /free-essays/1761.html (1932 words)

	SparkNotes: Civil Disobedience: Context
		In addition to Civil Disobedience (1849), Thoreau is best known for his book Walden (1854), which documents his experiences living alone on Walden Pond in Massachusetts from 1845-1847.
		He practiced civil disobedience in his own life and spent a night in jail for his refusal to pay taxes in protest of the Mexican War.
		Civil Disobedience enjoyed widespread influence, both in the United States and abroad.
	www.sparknotes.com /philosophy/civildisobedience/context.html (366 words)

	Civil Disobedience
		Civil disobedience, direct action, has a long and honourable tradition dating from Henry David Thoreau, his essay 'Civil Disobedience' and his refusal to pay taxes to support the American land-grabbing war against Mexico.
		Civil disobedience, direct action, is often undertaken when all else fails, when rational debate achieves nothing, when the planning process has been exhausted.
		For Deep Ecologists and their Jesuits, Earth First!ers, direct action, civil disobedience, together with a deep respect for all communities, natural and humankind, is an essential component of the philosophy.
	www.heureka.clara.net /gaia/dir-act.htm (5548 words)

	Civil Disobedience (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		One increasingly common form of social action which illustrates both balanced sociation in the way it combines positive and negative relations, and "safety valve" conflict is civil disobedience; an individual or group refuses to obey a law but also refuses to use violence against those who enforce it.
		The Southern sit-ins of the 1960s in the U.S. demonstrated how civil disobedience and other forms of nonviolent action can bring about a society that is more just and less vulnerable to upheaval conflict (Wehr 1968).
		As with the civil rights sit-ins, a conflict with great emotional content and potential for high cost was moderated and served to move the governments and publics of two nations toward necessary change.
	www.colorado.edu /conflict/peace/example/wehr7474.htm (297 words)

	Nonviolence
		Often based on personal ethics or religious or spiritual convictions.
		, Dorothy Day[?], Cesar Chavez and Mohandas K. Gandhi are often cited as great theorists of nonviolence and leaders of nonviolent social movements.
		See pacifism, Civil disobedience, Civil and social disobedience, and satyagraha.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/no/Nonviolence.html (56 words)

	Transcript: Crossing the Line: Civil Disobedience
		Often media coverage of such events, be it blocking delivery trucks with a human chain or refusing to unload cargo from freighters, lacks sufficient context; activists may appear impetuous or quixotic to someone who isn't aware of the sequence of events that led them to civil disobedience.
		A retired manager from a Fortune 500 company, she says she decided to risk arrest and engage in civil disobedience after she heard stories about SOA-sponsored repression, murder and violence from families she visited in Guatemala and El Salvador.
		And that was a serious civil disobedience, because not only was it against the Chrysler Corporation, but it was also against the UAW, because it was a strike without their sanction.
	www.radioproject.org /transcript/1999/9910.html (4070 words)

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