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	Civil authority - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Civil authority is that apparatus of the State other than its military units that enforces law and order.
		Less often it is used (as "Civil authority") to distinguish between religious authority (for example Canon law) and secular authority.
		It is natural to man to live in society, to submit to authority, and to be governed by that custom of society which crystallizes into law, and the obedience that is required is paid to the powers that be, to the authority actually in possession.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Civil_authority (280 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Civil Authority
		Civil authority is of God, not by any revelation or positive institution, but by the mere fact that God is the Author of Nature, and Nature imperatively requires civil authority to be set up and obeyed.
		As it is, civil authority is a natural means to a natural end and is checked by that end, in accordance with the Aristotelean principle that "the end in view sets limits to the means" (Aristotle, Politics, I, 9).
		But while civil authority, or government, is natural and universal, the distribution of authority, otherwise called the form of government, or the constitution of the State, is a human convention, varying in various countries, and in the same country at different periods of its history.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/02137c.htm (4459 words)

	Civil Obedience and Disobedience - LCMS
		Civil disobedience in America earlier found its most characteristic expression in withdrawal of support from government, especially through nonpayment of taxes, and particularly to protest against unjust war (e.g., the Mexican War), or against public support for slave-owning (e.g., the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850), or against expenditures for the military establishment.
		By its nature, political authority must be ultimately lodged in a sovereign, and the obligation of every citizen in the community to defer to it not merely when it suits him, but always is a prerequisite of orderly society living under law.
		Civil disobedience can transfer the argument over justice and first-class citizenship for Negroes to argument over the issue of civil disobedience itself, with the result that in the end the protesters defeat their ends by removing the real issue or burying it under another.
	www.iclnet.org /pub/resources/text/wittenberg/mosynod/web/civilo.html (4273 words)

	Guide to Civil Disobedience : Resources : Wage Peace Campaign : AFSC
		Civil disobedience is a refusal to obey an order from a civil authority or public nonviolent violation of a legal prohibition.
		As understood by the American Friends Service Committee, civil disobedience is a conscience-based, heartfelt action which, while in violation of the law, reflects and draws on the religious convictions that are the base of AFSC's service and which witnesses to AFSC perspectives on major societal issues.
		When contemplating civil disobedience, therefore, an individual should be aware of its potential for good or ill, and before undertaking it, carefully examine his or her options, motivations, and attitudes.
	www.afsc.org /iraq/activism/civil-disobedience.htm (856 words)

	The Believer and Civil Authority
		We live in this world and therefore we are subject to the civil authority of the society in which we live.
		The believer's relationship to civil authority is really no different than that of the non-believer at least in this culture.
		We are subject to the civil authority in the same way that non-believers are.
	churches.net /education/aob4jesus/authority.htm (1098 words)

	32 CFR PART 501 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Generally, Federal Armed Forces are committed after State and local civil authorities have utilized all of their own forces and are unable to control the situation, or when the situation is beyond the capabilities of State or local civil authorities, or when State and local civil authorities will not take appropriate action.
		Civil law enforcement authorities are to be encouraged to procure their own equipment for police use since, even though requests are handled expeditiously, normally some time will elapse before the military equipment can be in the hands of the civil law enforcement authorities.
		Law enforcement authorities are to be cautioned not to rely on the loan of military equipment in the event of a civil disturbance in their locality because the availability of military equipment for civilian use is contingent upon military requirements for the Department of the Army resources.
	www.washingtonwatchdog.org /documents/cfr/title32/part501.html (1593 words)

	Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal
		In 1957, the Department of Civil Aviation was formally established under the then Ministry of Work, Communications and Transport of the Government of Nepal..
		The statutory regulations regarding civil aviation were introduced under the Civil Aviation Act, 1959 (2015 BS).
		Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal (CAAN) was established as an autonomous regulatory body on 31 December 1998 under Civil Aviation Act, 1996.
	www.caanepal.org.np (198 words)

	Opposing Unjust Higher Religious & Civil Authority
		In constituting political authority, men must order its competencies, form, etc., to the common good, which is the only source of the legitimacy of political authority and of all its acts.
		Civil authorities when acting in their proper realm and are in harmony with natural law.
		He is still the final authority in regard to interpretation of unclear passages of the Bible and other doctrines of the Church.
	www.trosch.org /chu/oppose.htm (2762 words)

	Federal Models of (Civil) Authority (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The apotheosis of this model is parliamentary government along the Westminster system, while its excess is to be found in Jacobinism where a revolutionary cadre siezes control of the center in the name of the masses and concentrates all power within it in the name of the revolution in order to reconstruct the regime.
		The first such civilization or culture area was that of ancient Israel, located on the western edge of southwest Asia, whose people transformed and perfected a device originally developed among the Amorite and Hittite peoples who inhabited the area.
		The progress of civilization can be traced as corresponding to the periods in human history when the historical vanguard has recognized the vanguard idea and sought to concretely apply it to the building of human, social and political relationships.
	www.jcpa.org /dje/articles2/fedmod-auth.htm (6931 words)

	Submission to Civil Authority--Part 2 - John MacArthur
		We are to submit to all civil authorities, "whether to a king as the one in authority, or to governors" (1 Pet.
		The church is to be gentle, gracious, and obedient toward civil authorities, not retaliatory or rebellious (cf.
		Civil authorities are of who bear arms to punish evildoers (Rom.
	www.biblebb.com /files/MAC/sg60-25.htm (2298 words)

	GIRS Summary Studies in Reformed Theology: Of the Civil Magistrate
		Authority in the home is entrusted to the husband of each family.
		Its authority is secondary to the greater authority of God who is King of kings and Lord of lords.
		Civil magistrates may not assume to themselves the administration of the Word and sacraments; or the power of the keys of the kingdom of heaven; or, in the least, interfere in matters of faith.
	www.girs.com /library/theology/syllabus/nom5.html (3893 words)

	Civil Aviation Authority (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Civil Aviation Authority was established by the Civil Aviation Act 1995 and became operational on May 6, 1996 under the former Ministry of Public Utilities and Transport.
		The Authority is responsible for regulating Air Navigation and all matters relating to safety in Civil Aviation in Jamaica.
		In its mission the Civil Aviation Authority is to ensure that the public is provided with a safe, reliable, efficient and user friendly Air Transport System, which is guided by the standards and recommended practices developed by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).
	www.mtw.gov.jm /Dep_Agencies/civil_aviation.htm (117 words)

	Civil Resource Manual 46 Redelegation By Civil Division of Authority to Compromise Civil Claims
		(a)Whenever an official of the Civil Division or a United States Attorney accepts a compromise, closes a claim or files a suit or claim pursuant to the authority delegated by this Directive, a memorandum fully explaining the basis for the action taken shall be executed and placed in the file.
		The following civil actions under the jurisdiction of the Assistant Attorney General, Civil Division, may be referred by the agency concerned directly to the appropriate United States Attorney for handling in trial courts, subject to the limitations imposed by paragraph (c) of this section.
		United States Attorneys are hereby delegated the authority to take all necessary steps to protect the interests of the United States, without prior approval of the Assistant Attorney General, Civil Division, or his representations, subject to the limitations set forth in section 1(e) of this directive.
	www.usdoj.gov /usao/eousa/foia_reading_room/usam/title4/civ00046.htm (1935 words)

	Authority of the Old Testament in the State -NRA
		The question of the authority of the Old Testament in the state is tied inexorably to the issue of the authority of the Old Testament in general.
		The authority of the Old Testament was considered comprehensive by the Apostle Paul, i.e.
		We add, that if man's reason is the final authority in matters pertaining to civil government, then each state becomes its own authority (legal positivism8), and justice in civil law is what each magistrate and citizen thinks it is.
	www.natreformassn.org /statesman/03/otinstat.html (3395 words)

	Kenya Civil Aviation Authority - Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Kenya Civil Aviation authority is a State Corporation established through an act of Parliament, the Civil Aviation (Amendment) Act 2002, on 24 October 2002.
		It succeeded the Directorate of Civil Aviation (DCA), which was a government department in the Ministry of Transport and Communication.
		The Kenya Civil Aviation Authority (KCAA) is a Government of Kenya body corporate managed by a strong eleven man Board of Directors, which include an Executive Director General, all appointed by the Minister of Transport.
	www.kenyacivilaviation.or.ke (243 words)

	Civil Aviation Authority News
		The Civil Aviation Authority of the Cayman Islands (CAACI) publishes news here that is relevant to the aviation industry in the Cayman Islands.
		Civil Aviation Authority of the Cayman Islands opens an office in the UK.
		George Town, Grand Cayman (Feb 2005) The Civil Aviation Authority of the Cayman Islands (CAACI) last year opened an office in the UK for the purpose of facilitating the operational duties pertaining to the Cayman Islands Aircraft Registry.
	www.caacayman.com /2005/news (386 words)

	Opinion #6003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Civil Service Commission is empowered to enact a rule providing for the subpoena of persons not in the state classified service to appear as witnesses in hearings before the commission, but it may not enforce the subpoenas.
		They thereupon appealed their suspensions to the state civil service commission which affirmed the action of the superintendent and the court sustained the findings of the commission.
		Nevertheless, implicit in this decision is the power of the civil service commission to supersede the action of the constitutional authority 'to regulate all conditions of employment' in the classified service.
	www.ag.state.mi.us /opinion/datafiles/1980s/op06003.htm (1059 words)

	Smithsonian Associates One Day Civil War Events
		Civil War authority Edwin C. Bearss leads these tours tracing the three days of the Civil War’s pivotal Gettysburg battle.
		Led by renowned Civil War authority Edwin C. Bearss, this tour focuses on the end of the Gettysburg campaign and the events in the aftermath of that devastating defeat.
		Civil War authority Edwin C. Bearss leads this tour, which explores a strategic travel route between Washington and Culpeper that was used during significant campaigns.
	www.civilwarstudies.org /local.asp (299 words)

	Civil Aviation Authority of Sri Lanka
		The Civil Aviation Authority of Sri Lanka (the “CAA”) was established under the Civil Aviation Authority Act No.34 of 2002 on 27th December 2002 and is deemed a Public Enterprise for the purpose of audit of accounts under Article 154 of the Constitution of the Democratic Socialistic Republic of Sri Lanka.
		It’s primary function is to undertake activities that promote civil aviation safety and security in keeping with International Standards and Recommended Practices adopted by International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and to steer the aviation sector in Sri Lanka as a prime contributor to the growth of national economy, enhancing quality of life of it’s citizens.
		The Authority is subjected to the direction and control of the Minister in charge of the subject of civil aviation who at present is the Minister of Ports and Aviation, and it reports directly to him.
	www.caa.lk (301 words)

	IRMI - When Civil Authorities Take Over, Are You Covered?
		As the annual hurricane season opens, it seems appropriate to review the requirements for coverage under various policy provisions in the event civil authorities order an evacuation or close routes of access to or from insured property.
		Interruption by Civil or Military Authority: This policy is extended to cover the loss sustained during the period of time when, as a result of a peril not excluded, access to real or personal property is prohibited by order of civil or military authority.
		Frequently, the "order" of civil authority is in the nature of an "advisory" or "voluntary" evacuation.
	www.irmi.com /Expert/Articles/2001/Berry06.aspx (1384 words)

	Lincoln Crossing the Rubicon
		HEN THE CIVIL WAR started in the Roman Republic, Julius Caesar defied the civil authority and crossed the River Rubicon in 49 B.C. This was a violation of the Roman constitution, for no army was to cross the Rubicon and enter Rome under arms.
		When the civil war finally ended with the triumph of Caesar’s adopted son, Octavian, Cicero lamented, “Our beloved republic is gone forever.” How right he was, for republican government would not return to Rome and most of Western civilization for almost 2,000 years.
		At his simple bidding, acting by no authority but his own pleasure, in plain defiance of the provisions of the Constitution, the Habeas Corpus Act has been suspended, the press muzzled, and judges prevented by armed men from enforcing on the citizens’ behalf the laws to which they and the President alike have sworn.
	www.fff.org /freedom/1100e.asp (1601 words)

	04-08-2003 - Strengthening SEC Civil Enforcement Authority : Senator Carl Levin: News Release (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Our legislation would expand the SEC's authority to allow the agency to impose administrative fines on anyone who violates federal securities law including, for example, corporate officers, directors, auditors, lawyers, or publicly traded companies, none of whom are now subject to being fined by the SEC in administrative proceedings.
		The civil administrative fines that the SEC is currently authorized to impose have statutory maximums that, depending upon the nature of the securities law violation, range from a maximum of $6,500 to a maximum of $600,000 per violation.
		Our provision would increase the civil fine maximums from a range of a maximum of $6,500 to a maximum of $600,000 per violation, depending on the nature of the securities law violation, to a range that goes from a maximum of $100,000 to a maximum of $2 million per violation.
	www.senate.gov /member/mi/levin/general/newsroom/release.cfm?id=210849 (1173 words)

	MAHARAJ: SECOND READING DEBATE SA CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY BILL
		Following the opening of the South African Maritime Safety Authority, the SA National Roads Agency and the SA Cross-Border Road Transport Agency, this Bill seeks to establish the fourth and last agency following the restructuring of the Department of Transport into an organisation whose core function is policy and regulation.
		It is important to mention that the South African Civil Aviation Authority Levies Bill, which authorises levies on participants in the aviation industry, accompanies this Bill, in order to defray the costs incurred by the CAA in administering and regulating the industry.
		The objects of the CAA as set out in clause 3 of the bill are to control and regulate civil aviation in the Republic, to ensure the efficient functioning and development of the civil aviation industry and, in particular, to control, regulate and promote civil aviation safety and security.
	www.info.gov.za /speeches/1998/0009081144a4003.htm (1333 words)

	Tailhook and the Civil Authority (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The reaction to Tailhook '91 was not the first time that the civil authority in the Department of Defense took a close look at the organization and its annual event.
		His basic position was that all air transport should be under one authority (the Air Force), and that air transport organic to a particular service unit was not a cost-effective way to run a defense department.
		Many of the decisions by the civil authority are hard for military professionals to accept or understand, and some should be fought to the end, regardless of the consequences to the leadership.
	www.tailhook.org /civil.htm (928 words)

	Submission to Civil Authority--Part 1 - John MacArthur
		The command could be translated, "Put yourselves in an attitude of submission." The ancient world tended to associate that attitude with cowards and weaklings, but God's Word teaches that submission to civil authority is the divine and right way to live.
		Therefore he who resists authority has opposed the ordinance of God; and they who have opposed will receive condemnation upon themselves." Even though slavery, physical abuse, murder, and immorality dominated Roman society and government, believers were to submit to civil authority because it was divinely ordained.
		When civil authorities uphold law and order, they function as God's ministers, fulfilling a God-ordained role of keeping order in society.
	www.biblebb.com /files/MAC/sg60-24.htm (2065 words)

	DubaiCityGuide.com : Special Features - General Civil Aviation Authority
		The General Civil Aviation Authority (GCAA) is a federal, autonomous body set up to oversee all aviation-related activities in the United Arab Emirates.
		International Civil Aviation Organization has nominated the General Civil Aviation Authority to be a member in the Supreme Committee of Hazardous Materials Experts as of Aug.29, 2003.
		The selection was made based upon the advanced level the Authority has reached and the significant role it plays in the field of developing laws and regulations pertaining to hazardous materials operation and inspection.
	www.dubaicityguide.com /specials/index.asp?id=1252 (273 words)

	Welcome to MOFA web site
		The Civil Aviation Department and the Meteorological Department were merged to form the Civil Aviation and Meteorological Department as part of the Civil Aviation Authority, which aims at promoting civil aviation and meteorological services to the highest possible levels.
		The Civil Aviation College was founded in 1977 in cooperation with UNDP and the International Civil Aviation Organization to serve the needs of civil aviation in the Arab Gulf countries.
		Since then the authorities have continued to upgrade this sector to keep pace with the development of vital services in the country.
	english.mofa.gov.qa /details.cfm?id=107 (1220 words)

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