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Topic: Civil justice

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	Social justice - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Social justice is also used to refer to the overall fairness of a society in its divisions and distributions of rewards and burdens and, as such, the phrase has been adopted by political parties with a redistributive agenda.
		Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) says, "Justice is a certain rectitude of mind whereby a man does what he ought to do in the circumstances confronting him." As a theologian, Aquinas believed that justice is a form of natural duty owed by one person to another and not enforced by any human-made law.
		Similarly, Social Justice is fundamental to Catholic social teaching, and is one of the Four Pillars of the Green Party upheld by the worldwide green parties.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Civil_justice (2243 words)

	Learn more about Justice in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Justice is a concept involving the fair and moral treatment of all persons, especially as regards social rules.
		In jurisprudence, justice is the obligation that the legal system has toward the individual citizen and the society as a whole.
		Justice is also the title used by the judges of the Supreme Court of the United States.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /j/ju/justice.html (315 words)

	civil society advocacy group
		Justice Africa is coordinator of the Civil Project in Sudan, an ambitious programme that articulates an agenda of civil rights, social justice, pluralism, tolerance, democracy, and peace.
		Justice Africa and the Civil Project is planning to convene the first-ever Sudanese National Women’s Convention, to enable Sudanese women to develop their agenda and strategy for pursuing it.
		Justice Africa and the Civil Project have succeeded in impressing a civil agenda into the political arena in Sudan, using public meetings, publications, the media, lobbying political leaders, and assisting nascent civil society organisations.
	www.justiceafrica.org /civil.html (479 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Social justice ( civil justice) is a concept largely based in various social contract theories.
		Most variations on the concept hold that as governments are instituted among populations for the benefit of members of those populations, those governments which fail to see to the welfare of their citizens are failing to uphold their part in the social contract and are, therefore, unjust.
		The term "social justice" is generally so phrased in order to distinguish the particular concept from concepts of justice in law —some of which, according to their critics, are decidedly unjust in a social sense—and from concepts of justice as embedded in systems of morality which may differ between cultures.
	www.informationgenius.com /encyclopedia/s/so/social_justice.html (220 words)

	Civil Justice
		Although many crime victims and their families have some knowledge about the legal system, they are often unaware that there are two systems of justice available in which to hold the offender accountable--the criminal justice system and the civil justice system.
		Rather than holding a defendant accountable for his or her "crime against the state," the civil justice system holds a defendant who is found liable directly accountable to the victim for the harms he or she has suffered.
		In the civil justice system offenders are held accountable, not to the state, but rather to the victims who suffered the direct impact of the crime.
	www.safetycops.com /civil_justice.htm (2116 words)

	EUROPA - EJN - What's new?
		However, the concept of justice and the image of the courts are most often associated, in the publicâs mind, with criminal lawâ.
		Civil law is omnipresent in the life of all citizens - at work, or when they get married, have children, or buy goods and services.â ( Press release pdf 12 KB).
		A conference on "Cooperation and civil judicial harmonisation towards a procedure without frontiers" was organised on 25 October at the Palace of Justice in Milan.
	europa.eu.int /comm/justice_home/ejn/news/whatsnew_en_edcj.htm (1179 words)

	Civil Justice Inc.
		Civil Justice, is also a non-profit law firm any may provide legal advice and represent you directly, but not from this web site and only under the terms of a written and executed Retainer Agreement.
		Civil Justice takes every reasonable precaution to protect the security of your confidential data, including, but not limited to, the use of the SSL encryption protocol, but Civil Justice, and attorneys to whom you are referred, do not guarantee the security of your confidential data.
		Civil Justice, and attorneys to whom you are referred will maintain the confidentiality of your data, but, just as law firms cannot guarantee the security of paper files, Civil Justice and attorneys to whom you are referred cannot guarantee the security of your electronic data.
	www.civiljusticenetwork.org /pages/disclaimer.html (1668 words)

	Bureau of Justice Statistics Civil Justice Statistics
		The 1992 Civil Justice Survey of State Courts estimated that only 3% of 762,000 tort, contract and real property cases disposed of were resolved by jury (2%) or bench trial (1%).
		Civil Rights Complaints in U.S. District Courts, 2000, 07/02 Presents selected findings about civil rights cases in U.S. district courts that dealt with employment, housing, welfare, voting, or other civil rights issues between 1990 and 2000.
		Civil Jury Cases and Verdicts in Large Counties: Civil Justice Survey of State Courts, 1992, 7/95.
	www.ojp.usdoj.gov /bjs/civil.htm (943 words)

	Civil Justice Fairness Act - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Civil Justice Fairness Act ( 1996) was passed by the US Congress, but was vetoed by President Clinton.
		The act proposed to limit the amount of monetary compensation awardable in civil case to a maximum of either $ 250,000 or 300% of the economic damage caused by the defendant ; whichever was greater.
		Opponents of this act argued that federal restrictions of this sort would illegally preempt state authority.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Civil_Justice_Fairness_Act (105 words)

	Encyclopedia: Social justice
		Justice is a concept involving the fair, moral, and impartial treatment of all persons, especially in law.
		Law (a loanword from Old Norse lag), in politics and jurisprudence, is a set of rules or norms of conduct which mandate, proscribe or permit specified relationships among people and organizations, provide methods for ensuring the impartial treatment of such people, and provide punishments for those who do not follow...
		John Rawls (February 21, 1921 â€“ November 24, 2002) was a philosopher, a professor of political philosophy at Harvard University and author of A Theory of Justice (1971), Political Liberalism, and The Law of Peoples.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/social-justice (3922 words)

	LII: Law about...Civil Rights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A civil right is an enforceable right or privilege, which if interfered with by another gives rise to an action for injury.
		Examples of civil rights are freedom of speech, press, assembly, the right to vote, freedom from involuntary servitude, and the right to equality in public places.
		Discrimination occurs when the civil rights of an individual are denied or interfered with because of their membership in a particular group or class.
	www.law.cornell.edu /topics/civil_rights.html (720 words)

	USATODAY.com - Civil rights justice, like the country, has come a long way (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		But the recent dates with justice that these and other killers got is proof that this nation has come a long way from the time when white racists killed fls with impunity.
		And justice caught up to Ernest Avants, 72, in 2003, when a federal jury found him guilty of killing a fl sharecropper in 1966.
		As important as it is finally to mete out justice to these men, it also is important to acknowledge the willingness of many Southern judges, prosecutors and juries to move beyond the region's racist past.
	www.usatoday.com /news/opinion/columnist/wickham/2005-01-10-civil-rights-justice_x.htm (704 words)

	Civil Justice System - The Other Side Of The Story, The McLarty Firm, Trial Lawyers representing people in personal ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Of the 19.7 million civil cases filed in 1992, about one million were tort cases, the center reports.
		The nonpartisan Rand Institute for Civil Justice has estimated that $14 to $16 billion was paid in compensation to injury victims through the tort system in 1985.
		Scholars have traced the basis for the $300 billion figure to a guess by a corporate executive that was then multiplied by three and one-half times.
	www.maryalice.com /reform/cjsystem.html (501 words)

	The Civil Justice Council ADR Answerbank
		The Civil Justice Council has, from the start of its work, had an ADR Committee.
		It took the view that, given all the other changes to civil justice that were occurring, the contribution that ADR would make to these developments would emerge more slowly.
		On 16 June 2004, the Civil Justice Council launched research it had commissioned into the operation of the small claims mediation scheme at Exeter County Court.
	www.adr.civiljusticecouncil.gov.uk (255 words)

	Civil Justice Reform (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Institute’s mission is to help make the civil justice system more efficient and more equitable by supplying government and private decisionmakers and the public with the results of objective, empirically based, analytic research.
		ACCA’s civil justice reform activity can be a way not only for you to help improve the system but also a means to enhance your relationship with your client.
		Leaders of the profession candidly discuss civil justice reform -- what works, what doesn’t, and what the corporate bar’s priorities should be -- in this snapshot of the roundtable discussion that took place at the 1998 Legal Leadership Summit Professionalism in Practice: Taking the Lead.
	www.acca.com /practice/cjr.php (559 words)

	Bureau of Justice Statistics Publications Alphabetical Listing
		A collaborative report from the Bureau of Justice Statistics and the National Center for Education Statistics, it presents data on crime at school from the perspectives of students, teachers, principals, and the general population, using a comprehensive array of sources.
		Describes juvenile offenders processed in the Federal criminal justice system, including the number of juveniles charged with acts of delinquency, the offenses for which they were charged, the proportion adjudicated delinquent, and the sanctions imposed.
		This joint report by the National Institute of Justice and BJS presents findings on the extent and nature of police use of force, discusses the difficulties in establishing measurement guidelines, illuminates circumstances under which force is applied, and provides a general framework for future research on excessive displays of force.
	www.ojp.usdoj.gov /bjs/pubalp2.htm (9155 words)

	The Civil Justice Council (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		With the assistance of the Civil Justice Council, an industry agreement in principle has been reached to fix recoverable success fees in road traffic accident cases where funded under a conditional fee agreement.
		The agreement is the result of a mediation conducted by the Civil Justice Council and involving the Law Society, the Association of British Insurers (ABI), and main solicitors’ organisations such as, APIL, FOIL and MASS.
		The Civil Justice Council’s costs mediations are chaired by Michael Napier (CJC Executive Committee), supported by the chair of the CJC Costs Committee, Professor John Peynser (Nottingham Law School), and advised by Professor Paul Fenn (University of Nottingham) and Dr Neil Rickman (University of Surrey)
	www.civiljusticecouncil.gov.uk /123_458.htm (583 words)

	Illinois Civil Justice League
		The Illinois Civil Justice League is a coalition of Illinois citizens, small and large businesses, associations, professional societies, not-for-profit organizations and local governments that have joined together to work for fairness in the Illinois civil justice system.
		Widespread public support for civil justice reform was one of the principle reasons for the League's success in 1995.
		It is important to maintain public awareness of the problems of lawsuit abuse and thus the League will continue to serve as a champion for a fair civil justice system in the news media, through public speeches, and in the halls of government as necessary.
	www.legalreforminthenews.com /partners/Illinois_CJL/ICJL_Home.html (564 words)

	Comparative Civil Procedure
		Under "Primary Sources" are listed codes of civil procedure and civil procedure statutes that the Law Library owns and, for civil law jurisdictions, basic treatises and commentaries.
		As Civil Procedure has been traditionally considered as being governed by lex fori (the law of the state where the proceedings take place), primary and secondary sources for this subject should be researched jurisdiction by jurisdiction.
		For each country the authors use a slightly similar structure: delimitation of the subject mater, sources of civil procedure law, judicial organization, the legal profession, the courts, jurisdiction, proceedings, evidence, enforcement of judgments, and arbitration.
	www.law.nyu.edu /library/foreign_intl/civilproc.html (4066 words)

	ATRA :: The American Tort Reform Association
		Justice for Sale II This new study reveals how personal injury lawyers are trying to buy the Illinois Supreme Court seat to protect their goldmine in the Madison County Courthouse, which was rated the nation's worst "Judicial Hellhole™" by ATRA in 2003.
		ATRA has published a comprehensive guide to civil justice reform laws in all 50 states.
		Our mission is to bring greater fairness, predictability and efficiency to the civil justice system through public education and legislative reform.
	www.atra.org (655 words)

	CFCJ - About the Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		We are at a turning point in our civil justice system, where all of the legal disciplines are becoming aware of and open to sharing information and working together on the much needed reforms.
		The Task Force concluded that the central issues affecting access to the civil justice system are delay, costs associated with proceeding in the civil courts and lack of understanding of the civil justice system.
		The phrase 'civil justice system' evokes in most people the image of an imposing courthouse, an austere courtroom, an adversarial trial procedure, and a trial judge as the final arbiter of rights in dispute.
	www.cfcj-fcjc.org /eng.htm (866 words)

	Texas Civil Justice League - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Approximately 67 companies have gone bankrupt nationally due to asbestos litigation, 29 in the first two years of this decade alone, according to the RAND Institute for Civil Justice; as many as 60,000 workers have already their lost jobs because of asbestos-related bankruptcies.
		Crowded court dockets and lengthy delays postpone justice, sometimes until it is too late.
		Too often the real victims of asbestos exposure are left with little to show for their claims, but the system leaves them little choice and no voice.
	www.tcjl.com /TACC.htm (3825 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) is the United States citizens' guardian of liberty, working daily in courts, legislatures and communities to defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties guaranteed to all people in the country by the Constitution and the laws of the United States.
		The purpose of the AIPLA is to aid in the improvements in laws relating to intellectual property and in their proper interpretation by the courts, and to provide legal education to the public and to its members on intellectual property issues.
		The study of justice is an interdisciplinary field of scholarship, research, and teaching, embracing those aspects of social and behavioral sciences relevant to an understanding of law, justice, crime, and social deviance.
	crinfo.com /v3-masterresults.cfm?pid=456&clr=336699 (1142 words)

	ATRA :: Civil Justice Reform Creates Jobs, Sparks Innovation
		Washington, DC -- The economic value of civil justice reform was dramatically illustrated recently by a report on the effects of the General Aviation Revitalization Act (GARA) signed into law by President Clinton five years ago.
		Joyce said that the basic concept of the law -- protecting an industry from an unlimited and open-ended threat of lawsuits -- should and can be spread to other industries.
		GARA’s success is a model for the effectiveness of basic civil justice reform.
	www.atra.org /show/122 (292 words)

	Department for Constitutional Affairs - civil.justice.2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In an integrated civil justice system there is considerable scope for new technology to provide very different ways of delivering services, and indeed different services, not merely the automation of current processes.
		Traditionally, reforms of the civil justice system, in England, Wales and elsewhere, have focussed on the court system; on the speedier, fairer and less costly resolution of disputes by formal legal methods.
		Quite apart from issues of tailored justice as against automatic justice, there is a real question as to whether or not the capacity for this sort of analysis, and for the endless citation of cases, could lead to stultifying the growth and development of the law.
	www.dca.gov.uk /cj2000/cj2000fr.htm (15443 words)

	Colorado Civil Justice League
		The Colorado Civil Justice League, as a member of the American Tort Reform Association's Coalition, has asked Colorado's congressional delegation to pass meaningful lawsuit abuse reform at the federal level.
		Especially for complex civil cases, less business-experienced jurors will continue to be allowed to ask questions, through the judge, that will better inform them as to the facts of the case.
		Judge Janis Graham Jack wrote in her opinion, "These diagnoses were driven by neither health nor justice," pointing to diagnoses that have either been "rubber-stamped" or even attributed to doctors who did not make them.
	www.ccjl.org (1095 words)

	Civil justice
		The civil courts should be accessible, including for vulnerable court users and those who have to represent themselves.
		LAG opposes the government's policy of full costs recovery in the civil courts; our position on civil court fees is set out in our response to the recent response to the Court Service consultation (175Kb) (December 2002).
		We also have concerns about the impact of high-tech civil justice on vulnerable court users, and these are set out in our response to the Modernising the civil courts consultation (193Kb) (April 2001).
	www.lag.org.uk /Templates/Internal.asp?NodeID=88871 (348 words)

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