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	Civil society - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Civil society or civil institutions refers to the totality of voluntary civic and social organizations or institutions which form the basis of a functioning society as opposed to the force backed structures of a state (regardless of that state's political system).
		Civil societies are often populated by organisations such as registered charities, development non-governmental organisations, community groups, women's organisations, faith-based organisations, professional associations, trade unions, self-help groups, social movements, business associations, coalitions and advocacy groups.
		The term civil society is currently often used by critics and activists as a reference to sources of resistance to and the domain of social life which needs to be protected against globalization.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Civil_society (470 words)

	CPN - Tools
		Civil society refers to that sphere of voluntary associations and informal networks in which individuals and groups engage in activities of public consequence.
		Civil society has experienced an enormous theoretical rebirth in recent years, which testifies to its pivotal role in modern democratic theory, as well as to a broader crisis of contemporary societies seeking new foundations for citizenship.
		Civil society is populated with institutions whose role in developing robust citizenship is often weak and one-sided.
	www.cpn.org /tools/dictionary/civilsociety.html (1707 words)

	Michael Edwards - civil society - theory and practice, the encyclopaedia of informal education
		Unfortunately, clarity and rigor are conspicuous by their absence in the civil society debate, a lack of precision that threatens to submerge this concept completely under a rising tide of criticism and confusion.
		Some claim that civil society is a specific product of the nation state and capitalism; others see it as a universal expression of the collective life of individuals, at work in all countries and stages of development but expressed in different ways according to history and context.
		To conclude, civil society is simultaneously a goal to aim for, a means to achieve it, and a framework for engaging with each-other about ends and means.
	www.infed.org /association/civil_society.htm (2423 words)

	Why Civil Society? Why Now?
		The civil society debate is not a flash in the pan or a trendy effort to inject the appearance of life into a national debate that is failing to engage the country.
		Civil society, after all, is greatly affected by the workings of both government and the market, but it is the sphere of life not defined either by politics or by market relations.
		The civil society argument is rooted in a conviction that this generation has the same capacity for social inventiveness as the Progressives whom Teddy Roosevelt led at the beginning of this century or the Americans whom Alexis de Tocqueville described almost a century earlier.
	www.brookings.edu /press/REVIEW/FALL97/DIONNE.HTM (2797 words)

	American Civil Society Talk
		This version narrowly equates civil society with traditional forms of voluntary association, emphasizing informal modes of socialization that are said to foster civic virtue and the moral "habits of the heart" necessary to make democracy work.
		Because it operates with an overly narrow conception of civil society, Putnam's theoretical analysis (unlike his descriptive history) screens out the role of law and political institutions in fostering civicness, as well as the reciprocal influence of civil publics on the state and on civil institutions.
		And this failure to include publics and networks of communication in the conceptualization of civil society is one of the main drawbacks of the theory as a theory of democracy.
	www.puaf.umd.edu /IPPP/summer98/american_civil_society_talk.htm (3920 words)

	[No title]
		Civil society is one of the "hottest" concepts in all of the social sciences that touch on political life.
		However, there is growing agreement that civil society, civic culture, and social capital are all important for strengthening democracy and enabling conflict resolution.
		Civil society has generally been left out of the process in the region and has tended to reject the agreements reached by government officials.
	www.beyondintractability.org /m/civil_society.jsp (4054 words)

	Untitled
		Additionally, there are few opportunities for civil society actors to come together to discuss and reflect on the current state of civil society and the challenges it faces.
		The CIVICUS Civil Society Index (CSI) is an action-research project that aims to assess the state of civil society in countries around the world, with a view to creating a knowledge base and an impetus for civil society strengthening initiatives.
		Increased capacities of civil society stakeholders in action-research.
	www.civicus.org /new/CSI_overview.asp?c=FD8912 (635 words)

	Civil Society and Democratization in the Arab World
		[1] Though the civil society thesis encapsulates several distinct hypotheses, the relevant one here entails that under conditions of authoritarian rule, an energetic associational life--comprising independent, voluntary organizations distinct from the state, economy, and family--can trigger democratic transitions by challenging autocratic leaders and forcing the state to accept liberal reforms.
		Arab civil society consists of numerous interests and associations that fluctuate across countries and sectors, and its political potency is more a function of researchers' implicit prejudices when addressing the region's social landscape than a measure of empirical fact.
		Second, modish fixation with Arab civil society as the harbinger of autocratic collapse obscures the centrality of these states' coercive will and capacity to repress, their oscillating strategy of controlled liberalization, and the role of rents in supporting this elaborate system.
	meria.idc.ac.il /journal/2005/issue4/jv9no4a2.html (7195 words)

	Civil Society & Freemasonry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Civil Society is another term used to define communitarianism and the Third Way (Milbank 2001).
		Civil Society aims described by the World Federalist Association of Northern California: This worldwide organization has a 2020 Global Peace Initiative whose aim is to create a culture of Peace by the year 2020.
		President George W. Bush is a "civil society guy." He's also a member of the civil society Skull and Bones as reported by the The Atlantic Monthly in May 2000.
	nord.twu.net /acl/civilsociety.html (1587 words)

	Editorial
		Civil society is the sector of human action and property not owned and directed by government.
		If the aim is to expand civil society and shrink imposed government, then the primary direction of reform is to change the law to facilitate this transfer.
		Civil society’s voluntarism fosters civil behavior, whereas the coercive prohibitions, taxes, and restrictions imposed by governments often induce corruption and violence.
	www.progress.org /2005/fold436.htm (726 words)

	Civil society in Uzbekistan
		Uzbek willingness to build up a civil society, as exemplified by the Partnership and Cooperation agreement with the EU and by the support expressed for this project, created the necessary foundation for a sustained contribution to the development of civil society in Uzbekistan.
		Their understanding of human rights, democracy, the development of a civil democratic society, the interaction of citizen, society and international community, and the necessity of mutual acceptance and appreciation will by passed on in the areas of society in which they operate in the present and in the future.
		Civil society and the NGO network was strengthened by the dissemination of the skills acquired.
	www.ishr.org /projects/uzbekproject.htm (1043 words)

	Civil Society and the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) - APC
		Civil society achieved a victory in February 2003, at the PrepCom 2, by getting some content included in the official drafts to be considered again in September.
		Many civil society groups believe that the Summit documents do not reflect the fundamental inequalities that govern the global information society, and prepared their own declaration of principles, at variance with the official documents.
		Civil society groups have reorganised their critique and suggestions in order to tackle the fundamental question of financing of an accessible and affordable internet infrastructure.
	www.apc.org /english/wsis/index.shtml (1496 words)

	Santa Clara University - Civil Society Institute - Civil Society Institute (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Civil Society Institute is a program dedicated to educating students in the classic themes of political economy and their relevance to contemporary policy issues.
		Such knowledge is best utilized by letting social action evolve bottom-up, through voluntary channels of civil society, as opposed to top-down direction by political society.
		Civil Society Institute wins Leavey Award for Excellence in Private Enterprise Education, from the Freedoms Foundation at Valley Forge.
	www.scu.edu /csi (257 words)

	Summit of the Americas Information Network (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In this way, presidents committed to promote and encourage increased participation by citizens, communities, and civil society in the Summit process, in order to contribute to ensuring that the benefits of democracy are shared by society as a whole.
		Likewise, the Leaders recognized the role of civil society, their contribution to sound public administration, and reaffirmed the importance of continuing to forge new partnerships that will enable constructive ties to be built among governments, non-governmental organizations, international organizations, and the diverse sectors of civil society working to promote development and democracy.
		They recognized the powerful role civil society has in the consolidation of democracy, and recognized that its participation in government programs is one of the most important tools for success of governments’ development policies.
	www.summit-americas.org /Quebec-CivilSociety/civil-society.htm (2779 words)

	Amazon.com: Global Civil Society? (Contemporary Political Theory): Books: John Keane,Ian Shapiro,Russell Hardin,Stephen ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Modern Global Civil Society, he argues, has to be understood against the backdrop of the failures of the past.
		Recognizing that the dynamics between civil society, governments and corporate business is often contradictory, Keane urges all players not to be discouraged in working towards a new global system of governance.
		The diverse threats and vulnerabilities to global civil society can be addressed, he contends, as long as the gravest danger to its survival is prevented: fatalism.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/052189462X?v=glance (1415 words)

	Nuclear Energy and Civil Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The NEA began studying specific aspects of the issue of nuclear energy and civil society two decades ago, and in recent years several of the Agency's standing technical committees have launched activities that aim to analyse national and local experience and to communicate lessons learnt.
		As the social dimension is playing an increasingly important role in the nuclear energy policies of member countries, the NEA Nuclear Development Committee (NDC) initiated a study on society and nuclear energy, examining in particular public perception of the related risks and benefits.
		The NEA Expert Group on Society and Nuclear Energy was therefore created to carry out a study that would provide policy makers findings, guidance and recommendations on communication and consultation with civil society in connection with nuclear energy policy decisions.
	www.nea.fr /html/civil/welcome.html (2644 words)

	civil society advocacy group
		The Civil Project was started in 1997 by a coalition of Sudanese civil society organisations, with the aim of committing Sudan’s democratic opposition to a practical and comprehensive programme of human rights, democratisation, institutional reform, and social tolerance.
		A large and expanding number of other Sudanese civil society organisations are also involved, representing groups from all parts of the country and all kinds of constituencies.
		Justice Africa and the Civil Project have succeeded in impressing a civil agenda into the political arena in Sudan, using public meetings, publications, the media, lobbying political leaders, and assisting nascent civil society organisations.
	www.justiceafrica.org /civil.html (479 words)

	Iraq's Civil War By David Plotz
		His Open Society Institute is a Bell Labs of civil innovation, seeding schools, NGOs, and organs of a free press all over the world.
		The American occupiers will need to distinguish among three kinds of civil society groups: those that should be banned, those that should be tolerated, and those that should be encouraged.
		The best way of all to guarantee a vigorous civil society is to transform Iraq from a command economy that lives and dies on oil revenues into a diverse, free market.
	www.slate.com /id/2082484 (1826 words)

	Civil Society & the WSIS
		The WSIS is a two-phase UN summit scheduled for December 2003 in Geneva and 2005 in Tunis.
		Obviously, what is decided at PrepCom 1 will have a tremendous impact on the form and effectiveness of civil society participation in the WSIS process and, ultimately, on the shape of the Summit and what visions of the information society will be reflected in the Summit outcomes.
		These ideas will be the result of civil society consultation and validation, and will as much as possible reflect its diversity at all levels.
	comunex.comunica.org /wsis (659 words)

	Institute for Communitarian Policy Studies - Civil Society
		There is a great need for study and experimentation with creative use of the structures of civil society, and public-private cooperation, especially where the delivery of health, educational and social services are concerned.
		The quality of our society depends not only on the nature of our Constitution and laws, or on the health of our economy, but also on the vitality of civil society, of the scores mediating institutions--neighborhoods, schools, churches, and voluntary associations--that define our immediate social environment.
		In the process, the crucial role of civil society in shaping the quality of life has often been neglected.
	www.gwu.edu /~icps/civil.html (635 words)

	Global Civil Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The undemocratic, militaristic, and largely counterproductive response by the right-wing extremists in control of U.S. military and economic power to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack against the United States underscores the essential role of global civil society in providing leadership toward deep change based on the democratic ideals and principles of community.
		Global civil society is a social expression of the awakening of an authentic planetary culture grounded in the spiritual values and social experience of hundreds of millions of people.
		The IFG report is a compelling response by global civil society to the bogus claim of corporate globalists that those who protest have no critique and offer no alternative.
	www.pcdf.org /civilsociety (514 words)

	Civil Society and the Eu: the Case of Research Policy
		We will then look at how civil society interacts with the Commission, what the dangers of civil society involvement are and whether economic actors can be said to be dominant.
		While the participation of civil society is presently rather limited, the Commission has started several initiatives to support the inclusion of civil society organisations in research policy.
		Civil Society Interaction with the Commission in EU Research Policy (2003), an update and a summary of my research.
	www.geocities.com /dspichtinger/cseu.html (453 words)

	Web Resources on Civil Society
		Global Civil Society Yearbook (part of a larger Global Civil Society Project being run by the Centre for the Study of Global Governance and the Centre for Civil Society at the LSE (London), also in collaboration with the Center for Civil Society at UCLA.
		Civil Society and the State in Africa, Boulder and London: Lynne Rienner, 1994.
		Civil society and the Summit of the Americas: the 1998 Santiago Summit by Feinberg, Richard E.;Rosenberg, Robin L. (eds.), North-South Center Press at the University of Miami, Coral Gables FL, 1999.
	www.uia.org /civilsoc/links.php (3050 words)

	EMIR SADER - BEYOND CIVIL SOCIETY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The second, exclusive aspect of the emphasis on ‘civil society’ lies in its rejection of parties and governments, its embrace of the civil society/state opposition.
		In fact, the very concept of ‘civil society’ masks the class nature of its components—multinational corporations, banks and mafia, set next to social movements, trade unions, civic bodies—while collectively demonizing the state.
		With the disappearance of socialism from the current historical horizon—and with it, all discussion of capitalism as a historically determined social system—the Left was disarmed in face of the conservative counter-offensive launched by Reagan and Thatcher, and continued by Clinton and Blair.
	www.newleftreview.org /NLR25105.shtml (4209 words)

	SSRC :: Information Technology and International Cooperation Program :: IT & Civil Society
		Our goal is to build knowledge about the use of information technology by civil society actors (from NGOs to alternative media), especially regarding transnational activities and networks.
		The second report examines the use of information technology by civil society organizations.
		In December 2003, the research networks met in Geneva, Switzerland at a workshop on IT Governance and the Politics of Civil Society, which followed the World Summit on Information Society.
	www.ssrc.org /programs/itic/it_civil_society (314 words)

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