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Topic: Civil unions in Andorra

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	Andorra Information Center - andorra map
		Andorra is not to be confused with the Comune di Andora.
		In 1278, andorra juniper the conflict was resolved by the signing of a parage, which provided that Andorra's sovereignty be shared between the French count of Foix (whose title would ultimately transfer to the French head of state) and the bishop of La Seu d'Urgell, in the Catalonia finka in andorra region of Spain.
		Andorra flat for rent in andorra is not a full member of the European Union, but enjoys a special relationship with it, for example it is treated as an EU member for andorra capital trade in manufactured goods (no tariffs) and as a non-EU member for agricultural products.
	www.scipeeps.com /Sci-Official_Languages_A_-_C/Andorra.html (1386 words)

	Background Notes Archive - Europe
		The constitution establishes Andorra as a sovereign parliamentary democracy that retains as its heads of state a co-principality.
		As co-princes of Andorra, the President of France and the Bishop of Seo de Urgel maintain supreme authority in approval of all international treaties with France and Spain, as well as all those which deal with internal security, defense, Andorran territory, diplomatic representation, and judicial or penal cooperation.
		Civil cases are first heard by the batlles court--a group of four judges, two chosen by each co-prince.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /ERC/bgnotes/eur/andorra9512.html (2639 words)

	Women and Equality Unit \| Lesbian and Gay Issues \| Civil Partnerships
		Civil partners of people with temporary leave in the UK, such as students and work permit holders will be free to apply for leave in line with their civil partners.
		Civil partners and same-sex couples living together as it they were civil partners will be treated in the same way as married couples and opposite-sex couples living together as if they were married.
		Civil partners and people living together as civil partners, will be jointly and severally liable for council tax in the same way that married couples and people living together as husband and wife are jointly and severally liable.
	www.womenandequalityunit.gov.uk /civilpartnership/findout.htm (3987 words)

	Andorra
		Andorra, historically, was a rural microstate whose population oscillated between four thousand and six thousand inhabitants.
		Medieval rights over Andorra passed from the count of Foix to the king of Navarre in the fifteenth century, and then to the king of France in the sixteenth century; in the nineteenth century, they passed to the president of the republic.
		Cases of youth maladjustment, quite frequent in Andorra and affecting all social sectors, are explained by psychologists as stemming from this relationship deficit.
	www.everyculture.com /A-Bo/Andorra.html (3305 words)

	Top20Andorra.com - Your Top20 Guide to Andorra!
		Andorra's main legislative body is the unicameral General Council of the Valleys (Consell General de les Valls), a parliament of 28 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote, 14 from a single national constituency and 14 to represent each of the 7 parishes, with members serving four-year terms.
		Andorra's climate is similar to its neighbours' temperate climate, but its higher altitude means there is on average more snow in winter and it is slightly cooler in summer.
		Andorra is not a full member of the European Union, but enjoys a special relationship with it, for example it is treated as an EU member for trade in manufactured goods (no tariffs) and as a non-EU member for agricultural products.
	www.top20andorra.com (1368 words)

	Federal Systems of the World: A Handbook of Federal, Confederal and Autonomy Arrangements
		For well over 300 years, the major political efforts of European civilization as well as peoples and countries influenced by that civilization have been directed toward building such politically sovereign states, and all too often in reifying them so that the states take on an existence separate from the peoples they are designed to serve.
		The European Union is the major example of how the acceptance of limitations on sovereignty in the economic sphere can be "traded off" for greater economic benefits under the military protection of the NATO security-community.
		Union: A polity compounded in such a way that its constituent entities preserve their respective integrities primarily or exclusively through the common organs of the general government rather than through dual government structures.
	www.jcpa.org /dje/books/fedsysworld-intro.htm (5551 words)

	Timeline of Treason: The Bush Family Connections To The Nazis : Andorra IMC
		Union bank is now in the position to transfer funds back and forth for Thyssen’s United Steel.
		Union Bank was not in partnership with Flick’s empire, Silesian Holding Co. Walker, Bush and Harriman owned a third of Flick’s holding company and called their share Consolidated Silesian Steel Corp. American I.G. founded as a holding company controlling I.G. Farben assets in the United States.
		His grandfather had been boss of Brown Brothers during the Civil war when Brown Brothers were directly responsible for shipping seventy five percent of the cotton from the south to England.
	andorra.indymedia.org /print.php?id=463 (3814 words)

	IMP 9 -English- Section B
		Within the European Union, it is the Court of Justice of the European Communities which is the ultimate body for the adjudication of disputes on matters of discrimination against migrant workers.
		It would be necessary to strengthen the civil and social legislation which would sanction specifically and precisely discriminatory attitudes on the grounds that a person is of a specific nationality and would deem racism to be an aggravating circumstance in a crime.
		However, at the moment, the trade unions are not very effective either as organizations for channeling the defence of the immigrant since they come up against a number of problems which limit their effectiveness.
	www.ilo.org /public/english/protection/migrant/research/imp/09/b.htm (13844 words)

	Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2001 - Andorra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Principality of Andorra is a constitutional parliamentary democracy.
		For example, the ombudsman was able to secure a permit for the Muslim community in Andorra, which requested help in obtaining a residence permit for the imam of their mosque.
		No unions have emerged among workers in the private sector, and the public sector was awaiting legislation that would make it legal for the formation of a union.
	stockholm.usembassy.gov /human/2001/europe/andorra.html (2577 words)

	Suchen im Web, Bilder, Videos, Blog, Lexikon und mehr.
		Andorra is a co-principality with the President of France and the Bishop of Urgell, Spain as co-princes.
		Andorra's climate is similar to its neighbors' temperate climates, but its higher altitude means there is on average more snow in winter and it is slightly cooler in summer.
		Andorra's long history has provided it with a rich folklore and an abundance of folk tales, with roots originating as far as Andalusia in the south and the Netherlands in the north.
	www.coder-world.de /cgi-bin/metaseek/lexikon_Andorra_en.html (1445 words)

	Seattle Post-Intelligencer: Sound Off
		Marriage is “the legal union of a man and a woman in order to live together and often to have children." Because this is different from all other forms of relationship, and provides unique benefits to society, we afford special privileges to men and women who marry.
		Civil Unions are fine as long as ALL unions between two consenting adults are called this, whether Male/female, female/female or male/male.
		Of course, then we would have to change the history books and rename the sacred union of Britney Spears and that guy she married in Vegas for 72 hours from a "marriage" to a "civil union." It would be such a shame to downgrade that perfectly legal sacred marriage to something less.
	seattlepi.nwsource.com /soundoff/comment.asp?articleID=279284 (8705 words)

	Independent Media Center of Philadelphia \| Why Unions Rock: They don't "hurt the people." They are the people. by Dave ...
		Unions are human institutions, and it stands to reason that occasionally they take improper bargaining stances or become corrupt.
		For more than a generation, unions have been losing their standing in the public imagination as fewer and fewer Americans claim union membership.
		Simply stripping workers of their rights and protection wasn't enough for the plutocracy, however—your social betters had to convince you that unions were the root of your struggles and the source of every trouble that corporate America could possibly encounter.
	www.phillyimc.org /or/2006/01/18297.shtml (874 words)

	Politics of Andorra
		As co-princes of Andorra, the President of France and the Bishop of La Seu d'Urgell maintain supreme authority in approval of all international treaties with France and Spain, as well as all those which deal with internal security, defense, Andorran territory, diplomatic representation, and judicial or penal cooperation.
		Andorra's young democracy is in the process of redefining its political party system.
		The Liberal Union or UL, (current head of government Forn's party) is trying to reshape itself and change its name to that of the Andorran Liberal Party (PLA), thus offering a political umbrella to small parties and groups that have not yet found their place.
	www.fastload.org /po/Politics_of_Andorra.html (1644 words)

	UK Gay News - Gay and Lesbian Marriage, Partnership or Unions Worldwide
		In Croatia, a law comes into force for same-sex civil unions whereby partners who have been together for at least three years can enjoy the same benefits as unmarried cohabiting opposite sex couples which are limited.
		Civil Partnerships are virtually same-sex marriage in all but name and the legislative process was perhaps one of the least provocative anywhere, probably because the word "marriage" was not used.
		Connecticut becomes the second state in the USA to permit same-sex civil unions, despite the state constitution specifically defining “marriage” as being between a man and a woman.
	www.ukgaynews.org.uk /Archive/2005dec/0502.htm (2672 words)

	report on the first romanian social forum
		In his opinion, civil society is composed of: the employers unions, the labor unions, the NGOs and the political parties.
		CIVIL SOCIETY IS NOT MADE UP OF EXPERTS: building a body of representatives of civil society, integrated into the structures of power, actively hinders the development of horizontal tactical networks between organisations and social movements.
		One thing is to develop strategies of integrating civil society into the given structures of power, and a whole other thing is to develop tactics of action within the existing structures of power, or to develop common strategies of civil society beyond the limits imposed by the state apparatuses.
	romania.indymedia.org /en/2005/05/839.shtml (3010 words)

	Andorra - 999 Andorra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In recent times, however, its thriving tourist industry along with developments in transportation and communications have removed the country from its isolation and its political system was thoroughly modernized in 1993, the year in which it furthermore became a member of the United Nations.
		Andorra is not a full member of the European Union, but enjoys a special relationship with it, such as being treated as an EU member for trade in manufactured goods (no tariffs) and as a non-EU member for agricultural products.
		Andorra and Monaco are two European tax havens offering residency to people who want to live in a tax free environment, with Andorra the lower cost option.
	www.999andorra.com /news (1295 words)

	Andorra Human Rights Practices, 1995 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Title: Andorra Human Rights Practices, 1995 Author: U.S. Department of State Date: March 1996 ANDORRA The principality of Andorra became a parliamentary democracy in 1993 when its Constitution was approved by popular referendum.
		With creation of the European Union internal market, however, Andorra lost its privileged duty-free status and is suffering an economic recession.
		There are no labor unions registered as yet although at least one may be in the formative stages.
	www.usemb.se /human/human95/andorra.htm (1579 words)

	Invico Andorra Home Page
		In the middle ages the war lords in the adjacent countryside used Andorra as a pawn in their power games.
		After the expulsion of the Moors at the end of the 8th century the country came under the influence of the Count of the city of La Seu d'Urgell.
		Following these treaties until the present day Andorra became a Co-Principality with the Count of Foix and the Bishop of Urgell as the titular heads of state.
	www.invicoandorra.com /ang/constitution.htm (309 words)

	Civil unions in Argentina - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		and the province of Río Negro offered the possibility of civil unions, which are private contracts between two responsible adults (opposite-sex and same-sex couples) who have lived together for at least two years.
		The civil union gives both members of the couple health and insurance benefits and hospital visitation rights, but do not allow same-sex couples to receive inheritance, the possibility to marry, or the right to adopt children.
		The benefits are available to members of the unions for teachers, commerce employees, executives and air-transport personnel.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Civil_unions_in_Argentina (312 words)

	portland imc - 2004.05.18 - Ability to Procreate Shouldn't Frame Legal Marriage
		A majority of states have passed Constitutional amendments banning same sex marriage or stipulating that marriage must be defined as a union between a man and a woman.
		So while Massachusetts may recognize same sex marriages, and Vermont may sanction civil unions, the possibility that EITHER of these "in-state" legal conditions might be recognized outside of the states in which they were granted is virtually nil.
		The state should provide civil unions only AND churches and other religious institutions should NOT be able to work for the state in providing civil unions as they currently do.
	portland.indymedia.org /en/2004/05/288691.shtml (1133 words)

	REPORT TO UN COMMITTEE INDICATES PROGRESS TOWARDS EQUALITY FOR WOMEN IN PRINCIPALITY OF ANDORRA, BUT GAPS SAID TO REMAIN
		Economic development in Andorra, and the gradual replacement of a farming economy with a service economy had coincided with a transformation of attitudes towards women there, but considerable gaps remained, a representative of the Cabinet of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Andorra told the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women today.
		The preparation of the initial report of Andorra has provided the Government with an "instant overview" of the "true" situation of women in that country, leading it to wish to enhance the status of women, narrow the differences and effectively combat any form of discrimination.
		Protection against gender-based violence was guaranteed by the Constitution, he said. The penal code punished a perpetrator to up to 15 years in prison for any violation against the integrity of an individual. Data from the past four years had shown clearly the annual increase in incidences of abuse and aggression.
	www.un.org /News/Press/docs/2001/WOM1290.doc.htm (1033 words)

	N.J. lawmakers approve bill to legalize civil unions : LA IMC
		Officials could begin granting civil unions 60 days after the governor signs the legislation; Corzine did not say when he would do so.
		The bill was drafted in response to a New Jersey Supreme Court ruling in October that required the state to extend the rights and benefits of marriage to gay couples within 180 days.
		She said the title should be changed after there has been some time to study how the civil unions bill works.
	la.indymedia.org /news/2006/12/190587.php (492 words)

	Andorra
		Two Princes--the President of France and the Catholic Bishop of Seu d'Urgell Spain--serve with joint authority as heads of state, and each is represented in Andorra by a delegate.
		A registry of associations included the Andorran Trade Unions' Association, a group that represented more than 10 unions of workers in government and the private sector.
		Negotiations on laws to protect workers and to develop social security systems and improve labor relations have not occurred; while union interest remained high, the unions claimed the Government has not pursued the matter with any vigor or real interest.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2003/27821.htm (2185 words)

	Three million march on Spanish general strike
		The general secretary of the European Confederation of Unions warned yesterday that if the EU summit was to approve anti-social measures the unions would call a Europe-wide general strike.
		It is necessary to organise a widespread campaign of mass workplace meetings in every factory, school and neighbourhood throughout the country in order to draw a balance-sheet of June 20 and to prepare for the next stage in the movement.
		Up until now the weakness shown by the trade union leaders has provoked a more decided attitude on the part of the government which has launched attacks on all fronts: education, health, democratic rights, immigration, etc. Now it is the time on our part to show an equal resolve not to accept any more cutbacks.
	www.marxist.com /Europe/spain_june20report.html (1710 words)

	Belarus
		Belarus was the site of the Union of Brest in 1597, which created the Greek Catholic Church, for long the majority church in Belarus until suppressed by the Russian empire, and the birthplace of Thaddeus Kosciuszko, who played a key role in the American Revolution.
		Once it became clear that the unions and the BFTU were adjusting to this change, the government in June of 2002 embarked on a takeover of the BFTU and several of its branch unions.
		The framework for the Russia-Belarusian Union was set out in the Treaty On the Formation of a Community of Russia and Belarus (1996), the Treaty on Russia-Belarus Union, the Union Charter (1997), and the Treaty of the Formation of a Union State (1999).
	www.factmonster.com /country/profiles/belarus.html (5637 words)

	Massachusetts Court: Gay Civil Unions Not Enough : Indybay
		Wednesday Feb 4th, 2004 11:07 AM Standing by its ruling from November, the Massachusetts high court ruled on Wednesday that civil unions for same-sex couples are not a viable alternative to full civil marriage in the eyes of the state Constitution.
		Department of Public Health, confirmed the plain language of their earlier opinion, stating without hesitation that ordering a separate but equal civil union status "would have the effect of maintaining and fostering a stigma of exclusion that the [state] Constitution forbids."
		The proposed civil union bill, presented to the high court by the state Senate as a compromise plan, "would deny to same-sex 'spouses' only a status that is specially recognized in society and has significant social and other advantages," wrote the court.
	www.indybay.org /newsitems/2004/02/04/16694911.php (694 words)

	protest against the romanian social forum
		The first day of the forum seems to be dedicated to discussions on the integration of the Romanian civil society after the "Western model", instead of articulating problems that are specific to the civil society itself, before their recuperation into top-to-bottom categories.
		Civil society seems thus to play the insignificant role of "filling" the space between the two vertical institutions, its responsibility being rather to disseminate in the social field the normatives prescribed by these institutions.
		The mere fact that they invited some Trade Union leaders, who fell into the trap of the myth of the ‘big names’ and into the trap of their own lack of information, will not give them the credibility they expect.
	romania.indymedia.org /en/2005/05/799.shtml (1499 words)

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