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Topic: Civil unions in the Netherlands

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	Online NewsHour: The Battle Over Same-Sex Marriage -- Unions in Other Nations
		As the United States grapples with the debate over whether gay marriage should be legalized, some countries are in the process of reshaping their laws on the controversial subject, while others have had civil union and marriage laws in place for several years.
		The Supreme Court also said, however, that religious officials cannot be forced to perform unions against their beliefs, and that the legislation must still pass the House of Commons, according to the Associated Press.
		The civil union would be a viable option for both homosexual and heterosexual couples.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/law/gay_marriage/unions.html (1455 words)

	Jewish Community Relations Council (jcrc.org)
		Legal recognition of same-sex civil marriage must not require clergy of any faith or denomination to perform the rites of marriage or recognize the religious status of civil same-sex marriages, consistent with the principle of the separation of church and state.
		Civil marriage also represents an official status in our society that is cherished by married couples, their children and their families.
		Civil unions, domestic partnerships and other forms of legal recognition for same-sex couples, which offer many but not all the rights accorded in a civil marriage, exist in various states besides California, including Connecticut, Hawaii, Maine, New Jersey and Vermont.
	www.jcrc.org /issues/same-sex_civil_marriage.htm (2780 words)

	Civil union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Unions that are similar to or synonymous with civil unions include civil partnerships, registered partnerships, and domestic partnerships.
		Civil unions were introduced in Denmark by law on June 7, 1989, the world's first such law.
		The controversial civil unions law enacted in Vermont in 2000 was passed as a response to the Vermont Supreme Court ruling in Baker v.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Civil_unions (2522 words)

	Netherlands - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		The Netherlands (Dutch: Nederland; IPA pronunciation: /"ne:dərlant/) is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands that is formed by the Netherlands, the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba.(Dutch: Koninkrijk der Nederlanden).
		The Netherlands is one of the most densely populated and geographically low-lying countries in the world (its name literally means "low country") and is famous for its dikes, windmills, wooden shoes, tulips, bicycles and social tolerance.
		Political scientists consider The Netherlands a classic example of a consociational state, at least in part caused by the necessity in the Netherlands since the middle ages for different cities to cooperate in order to fight the water (different cities were at the time like different countries by today's standards, and often at war).
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/n/e/t/Netherlands.html (3852 words)

	Same-sex marriage in the Netherlands - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Same-sex marriages are fully equivalent to opposite-sex marriages in the Netherlands with one restriction relating to adoption of children.
		If a married lesbian has a child, her wife will not count as the child's father or mother; unless and until she adopts the child, she will count for the law as a stepmother; on adoption, she will be the (second) mother.
		It is not possible for same-sex couples to marry on the Netherlands Antilles or Aruba.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Netherlands (888 words)

	Netherlands
		Unions are free of control by the Government and political parties.
		Representatives of the main union federations, employers' organizations, and the Government meet each year to discuss labor issues, including wage levels and their relation to the state of the economy and to international competition.
		Union federations and employers' organizations are represented, along with independent experts, on the Social and Economic Council.
	www.erieri.co.uk /freedata/HRCodes/NETHERLANDS.htm (1840 words)

	Netherlands, The
		The Netherlands was invited by the Community of Democracies' (CD) Convening Group to attend the November 2002 second CD Ministerial Meeting in Seoul, Republic of Korea, as a participant.
		Civil lawsuits often concern discrimination in the supply of services, such as supplemental conditions for non-ethnic Dutch to obtain a mobile phone or to gain access to clubs.
		Representatives of the main union federations, employers' organizations, and the Government met each year to discuss labor issues, including wage levels and their relation to the state of the economy and to international competition.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2002/18383.htm (5899 words)

	Unions respond to public sector cutbacks
		Trade unions representing civil servants are fiercely opposed to the plans and question how the proposed job cuts can be consistent with the government's promises on improved public safety, care and education.
		In response to the government's plans, the trade unions have argued that it would be unfair to impose the negative consequences of the economic crisis one-sidedly on public sector employees and called for good redundancy plans to be drawn up in the event of compulsory job losses.
		Simply cutting civil service jobs without first gaining sufficient insight into the tasks to be carried out by the public sector has been dubbed a ‘cheese slicing’ operation by the unions, in that jobs will be trimmed throughout the sector and the fewer workers that remain will have to do the same amount of work.
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/61/302.html (1801 words)

	New Legislature Tackles Repeal of Civil Unions -- 02/27/2001
		While many feel that the furor over civil unions was overdone during election season, the issue is currently a political motivation in the House, especially among members who campaigned on repealing the bill.
		Under this legislation, civil unions would be broadened to include various domestic partnership benefits, as between an elderly mother and children, siblings living together, or wards and guardians.
		Promising to repeal civil unions, Republicans won control of the House for the first time in 14 years, gaining 16 seats and bringing their number to 83 out of an elective body of 150 delegates.
	www.cnsnews.com /ViewCulture.asp?Page=/Culture/archive/200102/CUL20010227b.html (963 words)

	Civil unions bill advances in Parliament - The Boston Globe
		Because the Civil Partnership Bill clearly proposes civil unions, rather than marriage, for same-sex couples, it does not infringe upon the church's official beliefs.
		Heterosexual couples cannot form a civil partnership in lieu of marriage; the unions are solely available to same-sex couples.
		While the financial benefits of the partnerships are obvious, they would, like marriage, be difficult to break; those wishing to end their union would be forced to obtain either an annulment or a form of dissolution.
	www.boston.com /news/world/articles/2004/04/09/civil_unions_bill_advances_in_parliament (795 words)

	Non-Discrimination in Civil Marriage: Perspectives from International Human Rights Law and Practice (A Human Rights ...
		The same reasoning applies to civil marriage: excluding gay and lesbian people from the status of civil marriage is a form of discrimination based on sexual orientation.
		Civil laws on marriage can be amended to end discrimination based on sexual orientation without violating the right of religions to retain their own laws and practices.
		Even if the rights promised by civil unions on paper correspond exactly to those entailed in civil marriage, the insistence on a distinct nomenclature means that the stigma of second-class status will still cling to those relationships.
	hrw.org /backgrounder/lgbt/civil-marriage.htm (1870 words)

	A Primer on Same-Sex Marriage, Civil Unions, Domestic Partnerships, and Defense of Marriage Acts
		Because civil union law is new, it is largely untested by the courts and is not widely understood.
		Because civil unions and domestic partnerships are not federally recognized, any benefits available at the state or local level are subject to federal taxation.
		The amendment would define marriage as the union of a man and a woman and could be used to overrule state or local protections for same-sex couples and their children.
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0922609.html (1038 words)

	New Jersey Division of Taxation Text Version
		A civil union couple, one of whom has a United States Veterans Administration certification of wartime service-connected disability, may be entitled to a 100% real property tax exemption on their principal residence.
		A surviving civil union partner who was at least 55 years as of December 31 of the pretax year and at of the time of the deceased partner's death, may be eligible for the tax deduction.
		If a civil union couple intends to file jointly in 2008 for tax year 2007, the social security number which is first on the form is the social security number on the payment check and is listed when filing the New Jersey income tax return.
	www.state.nj.us /treasury/taxation/text/civilunionacttxt.htm (2274 words)

	2005 Country Report on Human Rights Practices in the Netherlands
		The Netherlands, with a population of approximately 16.3 million, is a constitutional monarchy with a bicameral parliamentary legislative system.
		During the year, the governments of the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba continued to improve prison staffing and capacity to address concerns by the Council of Europe's Committee for the Prevention of Torture.
		Civil lawsuits often concern discrimination in the supply of services, such as supplemental conditions for non-ethnic Dutch persons to obtain a mobile phone or to gain access to clubs.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61666.htm (4816 words)

	civil-unions.org - Home
		Marriage celebrants are opting out of conducting civil unions because barely one couple a day has elected to have the alternative ceremony since its introduction almost a year ago.
		Internal Affairs figures show the majority of civil unions are occurring in the main cities but the ceremony's popularity in places like Taupo - where two civil unions have taken place - is limited.
		Other groups might feel that civil union was not for them because it was not equal to marriage.
	civil-unions.org (950 words)

	Vermont Civil Union Review Commission
		After reviewing civil union information currently available to the public from various sources, the Commission concluded that although informative materials are readily available, the public may not be aware of how to locate the information.
		Utilization of judges, justices of the peace and clergy for certification of civil unions appears to be providing an equal opportunity for parties to a civil union to register their relationship.
		For a party to a civil union, the state filing status will not be the same as the federal status, and the number of exemptions may change.
	www.leg.state.vt.us /baker/cureport.htm (3743 words)

	In Netherlands, slow road advised for gay marriage - The Boston Globe
		Anne Marie Thus and her wife, Helene Fassen, 37, were the first lesbian couple in the world to be officially married when the Netherlands became the first country in the world to permit gay marriage nearly three years ago.
		The political narrative of how the Netherlands came to accept the idea of gay marriage, and make it a legal reality for Thus and Fassen and about 6,000 other gay couples since April 1, 2001, offers lessons for both sides of the emotional debate in the United States.
		The Netherlands has a unique place in the world, with its capital city, Amsterdam, widely viewed as perhaps the single most tolerant and open in the world.
	www.boston.com /news/world/europe/articles/2004/03/08/in_netherlands_slow_road_advised_for_gay_marriage (1629 words)

	The Blog \| John R. Bohrer: NJ Civil Unions: Nothing to Celebrate \| The Huffington Post
		To settle for civil unions is to settle for political futility, expediency, timidity, and comfort.
		If as a previous poster stated, this Civil Union legislation in NJ has EXACTLY the same benefits and responsibilities of marriage and is different in name only, then they are going to have one very difficult time defending it to the NJ Supreme Court.
		Especially when the end result of the civil unions will be a whole bunch of people saying to civil unioned gay couples things like "yeah, but you're not a real family because you're not really married".
	www.huffingtonpost.com /john-bohrer/nj-civil-unions-nothing-_b_36351.html?p=2 (4729 words)

	Partners Task Force - Civil Unions: The Vermont Approach
		Civil union partners tended to be highly educated, with 63 percent having completed at least four years of college.
		Civil union couples also have the right to dissolve their unions through a “dissolution” process in Family Court.
		Civil unions do not have any legal weight in the federal sphere, and reactions from various states has been erratic — usually dismissing them as invalid.
	www.buddybuddy.com /d-p-verm.html (3141 words)

	Civil Liberties and the 1848 Revolutions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Civil Liberties and the 1848 Revolutions The first reactions of the rulers of Europe to the revolutionary outbreaks of 1848 were panic and loss of nerve.
		The importance of the civil liberties reforms which were demanded in 1848 can be easily grasped by reading accounts of the celebrations which followed their concession.
		The other standard civil liberties demands granted in the Habsburg Empire, most of the German and Italian states, Denmark, the Netherlands, France and Wallachia were freedom of the press, assembly and association.
	cscwww.cats.ohiou.edu /~Chastain/ac/civillib.htm (1193 words)

	The Transatlantic Divide on Marriage: Dutch Data and the U.S. Debate on Same-Sex Unions
		This is not to say that the data imply a causal relationship between the initiation of same-sex marriage and the breakdown of the family in the Netherlands.
		A steady increase in the percentage of children in the Netherlands living in single-parent families (see Chart 1) was followed by a marked increase in this percentage during the 1990s, when the Dutch population debated and introduced registered partnerships and same-sex marriage.
		In contrast with Europe in general and the Netherlands in particular, the United States is engaged in robust debate about the erosion of the family because of a widespread consensus that the absence of marriage is a threat to children and thus a threat to the future of the nation.
	www.heritage.org /Research/Family/wm577.cfm (1707 words)

	World: Trade Unions and Pension Issues: Global Action on Aging
		The union says that several economic and social factors have led to the erosion of pension rates, which they claim are too low and do not meet the minimum standards.
		The Belgian Trade Unions Common Assembly refused to support the Federal Government’s legislation, led by Prime Minister Verhofstadt, entitled the “Intergenerational Pact.” The legislation is accused of being “too negative.” Unions oppose efforts to change the eligibility for a “prepension” from 55 years to 58 years in 2010.
		Outraged union leaders warned that 13 unions are prepared and ready to take action to protect their current retirement age of 60 years.
	www.globalaging.org /pension/world/unions (4517 words)

	Family Law: Civil Unions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		In 2001, the Netherlands gave same-sex marriage equal status with opposite-sex marriage, in addition to its 1998 "registered partnership" law (civil union) for both same-sex and opposite-sex couples.
		In July 2004, the U.S. state of New Jersey enacted a law that is virtually the same as a typical civil union, giving same-sex couples most of the rights associated with marriage.
		Although the state government uses the term domestic partnership to denote these new unions, the law in fact gives many more rights than those given by the domestic partnerships of most other jurisdictions, and so the New Jersey situation is more often related to civil unions.
	www.juiceenewsdaily.com /1105/business/civil.html?1130942271343 (235 words)

	First Trio "Married" in The Netherlands \| The Brussels Journal
		Then God pronouces their union, and the pattern for mankind ever after, "Therefore a man shall leave his father and mother and be joined to his WIFE, and they shall become one flesh." (Gen. 2:24).
		The proplem is that once these unions are recognized there are numerous benefits and entitlements that their partner('s) become eligable for.These benefits were granted as incentives for people to form family units as opposed to women simply having kids out of wedlock.
		Civil unions are legal "back-doors" to make historically unconventional relationships like a marriage.
	www.brusselsjournal.com /node/301 (6498 words)

	FOXNews.com - Mexico City Approves Gay Civil Unions
		MEXICO CITY — Mexico City's assembly on Thursday passed legislation to legally recognize gay civil unions in the capital, the first such vote by a legislative body in the history of the conservative, predominantly Roman Catholic country.
		The bill, which would not approve gay marriage, allows same-sex couples to register their union with civil authorities, granting them inheritance rights and other benefits typically given to spouses.
		The Netherlands, Canada, Belgium and Spain have legalized same-sex marriage, while several other European countries have laws giving same-sex couples the right to form legally binding civil partnerships.
	www.foxnews.com /printer_friendly_wires/2006Nov09/0,4675,MexicoGayUnions,00.html (628 words)

	Dr. van Ween
		An important characteristic of the civil law tradition is a distinction between public law and civil (private) law.
		For example, the competencies of the public prosecutor in relation to the supervision of foundations are given in the Civil Code, as well as the consequences of a failure to comply with registration requirements.
		[11] Trade Unions in the Netherlands typically are not specific member serving but play an important role in the serving of interests of non-members as well.
	www.icnl.org /journal/vol2iss1/wino.htm (1236 words)

	Partners Task Force - Civil Unions: The Connecticut Approach
		The week before the governor signed Civil Unions into law, the House of Representatives amended the bill at the governor’s urging to define marriage under Connecticut law as existing between one man and one woman.
		While widely reported that the Unions provide all the legal marriage rights and obligations under Connecticut law — estimated to be more than 500 — there is at least one area not covered, that of an estate.
		Civil unions do not have any legal weight in the federal sphere, so may not be used for immigration of a binational partner.
	www.buddybuddy.com /d-p-conn.html (1056 words)

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