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	Civilian casualties - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		One example of unintended civilian casualties is when an aircraft targets a bridge with a missile, then lauches the missile, and the pilot realizes that a bus full of women and children is driving onto the bridge.
		Typically civilian casualties are casued due to the proximity of civilians to another military force or a military target coupled with the use of weapons that were, and still are, not extremely accurate.
		The siege was designed not to kill the civilians but to force the opposing army to surrender due to starvation, disease, etc. The effects of the siege however directly affected the civilian population as much as the military force resulting in civilian casualties.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Civilian_casualties (707 words)

	Civilian casualties -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Civilian casualties is a (The military forces of a nation) military term describing (A nonmilitary citizen) civilian, (Click link for more info and facts about non-combatant) non-combatant persons killed or injured by direct military action.
		This causes a lot of moral wrangling among professional armies, either because of their aversions to targeting civilians, or because of the negative (Information that is spread for the purpose of promoting some cause) propaganda value of such casualties.
		When a military action has for sole purpose the killing of civilians, such action is generally termed an (An act of atrocious cruelty) atrocity, and is prosecutable as a (A crime committed in wartime; violation of rules of war) war crime.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/ci/civilian_casualties.htm (619 words)

	Civilian casualties
		The real civilian death toll will probably never be known as the Pentagon has repeatedly stressed that it does not intend to count civilian casualties.
		Many of the incidents involving civilian casualties cannot be explained away as "civilians caught in the crossfire" or "human error." It appears, for example, that civilians have intentionally been shot at and that it has been standard operating procedure at American checkpoints to aim indiscriminately at any vehicle or even pedestrian coming in their direction.
		The use of cluster bombs in Hilla was also confirmed by the international media.20 The AFP counted at least 73 civilian deaths in Hilla over several days and their correspondent reported that at the scene of the bombing dozens of parts of cluster bombs were peppered over a large area.
	www.informationclearinghouse.info /article3466.htm (2256 words)

	Just War Theory [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		However, since civilians can just as readily come to terms with their own deaths, their argument is not sufficient to defend the principle of discrimination.
		Whilst the doctrine provides a useful justification of 'collateral damage' to civilians, it raises a number of issues concerning the justification of foreseeable breaches of immunity, as well as the balance to strike between military objectives and civilian casualties.
		Civilians are just as necessary causal conditions for the war machine as are combatants, therefore, they claim, there is no moral distinction in targeting an armed combatant and a civilian involved in arming or feeding the combatant.
	www.iep.utm.edu /j/justwar.htm (3893 words)

	Breakdown of casualties during the Palestinian-Israeli conflict
		However, a civilian who encounters a terror attack in progress and draws his/her weapon in an attempt to stop or prevent the attack is a combatant once the weapon is out of its holster.
		A Confidence Level is applied to individual casualties as well as to incidents because we found that in many cases an incident itself was well attested, but some of the reports of casualties attributed to the incident were less reliable.
		Casualty Type describes whether the casualty was killed or injured, and if the latter, the extent of the injury.
	www.eretzyisroel.org /~jkatz/mostly.html (8491 words)

	Asia Times -
		And civilian casualties have continued to mount as sporadic fighting and guerrilla attacks replace the more traditional warfare of the campaign's early weeks.
		Civilian casualties, unfortunately, will occur in a situation of high-intensity and low-intensity conflicts.
		Dardagan said that the coalition's decision not to track civilian casualties is meant to spare it political discomfort as sporadic fighting continues unabated.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/Middle_East/EJ02Ak02.html (1013 words)

	Project on Defense Alternatives - Civilian Casualties in the 2003 Iraq War: A Compendium of Accounts and Reports
		The compendium is meant to serve as a database for further investigation of the modes and dynamics of conflict that generate non-combatant casualties.
		Notably, the effort focused on major cases of multiple civilian fatalities insofar as these (1) often generated more than one independent report and (2) constituted a subset of incidents that, while manageably small, nonetheless reflected a significant portion of the war's cost in civilian casualties.
		In addition, undocumented civilian deaths in Baghdad number at least in the hundreds and could reach 1,000, according to Islamic burial societies and humanitarian groups that are trying to trace those missing in the conflict....
	www.comw.org /pda/0305iraqcasualtydata.html (9743 words)

	Iraq's Civilian Casualties
		But there's another way to gauge civilian casualties, and that is to consult not the media and not human rights groups but US troops themselves.
		The number of civilian casualties inflicted by US forces may be underestimated, even by the liberal press and war critics.
		The reported civilian casualties were caused in operations using more firepower and less discriminate fire than in the current environment.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1270332/posts (1615 words)

	BBC News \| Saddam's Iraq: Key events
		The civilian death toll - dubbed collateral damage by US military officials - rose as allied forces continued to fly tens of thousands of sorties.
		Frightened refugees arriving at the border with Jordan reported civilian deaths and said water and electricity supplies in Baghdad had been cut off.
		But it turned out to be a shelter used by Iraqi civilians during the air raids.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/shared/spl/hi/middle_east/02/iraq_events/html/collateral_damage.stm (163 words)

	Monkeyfist.com: Civilian Casualties in Afghanistan
		During the past three months of the so-called War on Terror (news - web sites), the mainstream media has avoided reporting on civilian casualties, and some prominent journalists have gone as far as to say that deaths of non-combatants are "not news".
		When reporting on civilian casualties has been done, vague wording like "at least dozens" is used, reports are framed as Taliban propaganda, or dismissed as "not independently verified".
		As for civilian casualties from bombings, any increase in discussion or analysis of these in the press, mainstream or otherwise, would surely be welcomed by those currently "shattered", military and civilian alike.
	monkeyfist.com /articles/800 (624 words)

	Iraq Body Count \| DATABASE \| Latest Updates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		This is a human security project to establish an independent and comprehensive public database of media-reported civilian deaths in Iraq resulting directly from military action by the USA and its allies.
		This includes civilian deaths resulting from the breakdown in law and order, and deaths due to inadequate health care or sanitation.
		Casualty figures are derived solely from a comprehensive survey of online media reports.
	www.iraqbodycount.net /database (642 words)

	Civilian Victims of United States' Aerial Bombing of Afghanistan
		And by October 15th, the leading Indian daily, The Times of India was mentioning over 300 civilian casualties and that the US-UK bombing action was in violation of Article 51 of the United Nations Charter allowing the use of force in self-defense.
		Yet another, wails about too much press coverage of civilian casualties by a media unable to understand that some civilian casualties must occur but that "what IS newsworthy is that so many bombs hit their targets".
		Civilian casualty figures for the Iraq and Yugoslav wars vary enormously depending upon sources, e.g., from 300 to 1,200 in Yugoslavia and 3,000 in Iraq.
	www.cursor.org /stories/civilian_deaths.htm (12427 words)

	Operation Enduring Freedom: Why a Higher Rate of Civilian Bombing Casualties -- Project on Defense Alternatives
		Nonetheless, credible reports of bombing mishaps and accidental civilian casualties suggest a level of civilian fatalities in Afghanistan greater than that experienced in the 1999 Kosovo war.
		Regarding an upper-end estimate of casualties: the present study finds it difficult to reconcile a civilian death toll from bombing that is much higher than1300 with the conditions being reported currently by journalists on the ground in Afghanistan -- although this may change when (and if) more comprehensive and systematic surveys are conducted.
		The difficulty of estimating the civilian toll of the bombing campaign is illustrated by the case of Kandahar, where estimates of the civilian bombing toll ranged from only 50 or 60 up to many hundreds.
	www.comw.org /pda/0201oef.html (8015 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Middle East \| Picture emerges of Falluja siege
		The injured civilians inside the ambulance bled to death during the next two days as warning shots were fired when the team tried - four times - to return to collect the ambulance, he said.
		Reports from the city have consistently said that many civilians in US-controlled parts of the city were too afraid of US snipers to leave their homes during the siege.
		Sanchez said civilian casualties were "absolutely regrettable", but were a fact on a "battlefield of this nature in an urban environment".
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/middle_east/3653223.stm (1366 words)

	Dead Afghan Civilians: Disrobing the Non-Counters
		The prime culprits for civilian deaths are: faulty intelligence; imprecision of aerial warfare; and "a large number of deaths can be attributed to the selection of targets in civilian areas."
		Research on civilian casualties who died many months ago is flawed for obvious and less obvious reasons.
		The large number of dead civilians I report is the accumulation of many small numbers of people killed regularly in the daily bombing of Afghanistan.
	www.cursor.org /stories/noncounters.htm (3126 words)

	washingtonpost.com: U.S. Has No Plans to Count Civilian Casualties (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The money for compensating civilians is to come out of a $2.5 billion relief and reconstruction fund that also is intended to pay for food, water, health care, transportation and other needs.
		"We really don't know how many civilian deaths there have been, and we don't know how many of them can be attributed to coalition action, as opposed to action on the part of Iraqi armed forces as they defended themselves," Secretary of State Colin L. Powell said in a BBC interview Sunday.
		Sewall added that it would be "unrealistic" to expect the Pentagon to come up with "a reliable figure" for civilian casualties given the "size, intensity and speed" of the U.S. campaign.
	www.washingtonpost.com /ac2/wp-dyn/A26305-2003Apr14?language=printer (960 words)

	Blast Effects
		There is a great deal of discrepancy in casualty figures reported by authorities, in part because it is not known precisely how many were present at the time of detonation.
		Casualties were lower than in the previous raids, in part, because many had evacuated and were well-familiar with the consequences of firestorms.
		The contrast between the two positions (the military analysis and the civilian consequences) can be somewhat alarming, for the civilian horrors do not abate military actions, either in the tone of writing or in subsequent historical events (to wit Tokyo, etc).
	www.nukefix.org /weapon.html (9526 words)

	Who counts the civilian casualties? \| csmonitor.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		And current efforts to quantify civilian casualties come at a time when those laws are being tested as never before.
		It's difficult (and sometimes impossible) to distinguish civilian casualties from the victims of anticoalition guerrilla forces or criminals.
		Not all casualties are taken to hospitals where records are kept, and Muslim practice is to bury victims the same day they die, which makes recordkeeping even more challenging.
	www.csmonitor.com /2004/0331/p15s01-wogi.html (1348 words)

	Online NewsHour: Civilian Casualties in Iraq - April 26, 2004
		So the tragedy I think is that civilians in fact continue to be killed even at this stage of the occupation.
		But what they do is they count reports that have incentives to exaggerate the number of civilian casualties and then use those as their baseline.
		And if there are situations where civilians have been killed at a checkpoint or in circumstances that might warrant an investigation, the Army looks into that, and at some level they're keeping those numbers, they just haven't aggregated them or released them to us.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/middle_east/jan-june04/civilians_04-26.html (1918 words)

	GI -- World War II Commemoration
		Casualties among civilians were much less accurately recorded than military losses.
		In part, this was unavoidable because of the population shifts that took place as civilians fled before invading armies or the continual air attacks on major industrial centers, or were sent to Germany or the Soviet Union for forced labor.
		Japanese civilian casualties probably approached 500,000 killed and 625,000 seriously injured, plus a considerable number reported as missing after the fire raids and atomic bombings.
	gi.grolier.com /wwii/wwii_16.html (962 words)

	FAIR ACTION ALERT
		Network news outlets have reported stories about civilian casualties in Afghanistan with caution, often noting that Taliban claims are nearly impossible to verify.
		The idea that civilian casualties have been "big news" in the U.S. is questionable, but the Fox pundits more or less agreed with Hume.
		Civilian casualties are not, as Mara says, news.
	www.zmag.org /fair_action_alert.htm (504 words)

	Articles - Bomb (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Strategic bombing of civilian targets is controversial and considered a war crime by some and a defining characteristic of terrorism by others, see terror bombing.
		Area or carpet bombing of cities using Incendiary bombs may result in a firestorm and extensive casualties especially when it is windy.
		During World War II there were instances where civilian targets had been bombedâ€”first, during the German invasion of Poland in 1939 and the Netherlands (Rotterdam), then following The Blitz directed at London and other British cities and the British bombing of German cities such as Dresden.
	www.advicez.com /articles/Bomb (677 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Special reports \| Storm over Afghan civilian victims
		The Pentagon yesterday came under the most intense questioning over civilian casualties since the start of the Afghan war, after allegations that US special forces executed and beat men wrongly suspected of being Taliban or al-Qaida fighters, and tied up their women relatives.
		A Guardian investigation into the level of civilian casualties has found that thousands of civilians have died since the US launched its bombardment on October 7.
		US military officials, who had routinely rejected earlier accounts of civilian casualties as enemy propaganda, were forced back on the defensive at a Pentagon press conference yesterday at which every question focused on targeting errors and the treatment of captives.
	www.guardian.co.uk /afghanistan/story/0,1284,648888,00.html (777 words)

	Cox & Forkum: Civilians
		The Ayn Rand Institute has two good op-eds dealing with the subject of civilian casualties.
		One is an updated version of an op-ed by Onkar Ghate: Innocents in War Excerpt: "As a free nation our goal is our own defense, not civilian deaths, but we must not allow human shields, innocent or otherwise, to deter us from defending ourselves.
		The other is a new op-ed by Peter Schwartz: Stop Apologizing for Civilian Casualties Excerpt: "Our moral right, and responsibility, is to do everything possible to safeguard American lives, however many civilian casualties that goal may require.
	www.coxandforkum.com /archives/000053.html (240 words)

	FAIR ACTION ALERT: New York Times Re-Writes Fallujah History
		The outrage, fed by mostly unconfirmed reports of large civilian casualties, forced the Americans to withdraw.
		On October 26, the independent British-based group Iraq Body Count reported that the civilian death toll in Fallujah in April was about 600, based on their extensive evaluation of the numbers reported by local hospital officials and the Health Ministry, as well as mainstream media accounts.
		Even the lower estimates provided by the Health Ministry debunk the Times' repeated assertion that reports of "large civilian casualties" are "unconfirmed"-- unless the paper wants to maintain that 52 women and children killed in an attempt to "liberate" their city are inconsequential.
	www.fair.org /activism/nyt-fallujah.html (553 words)

	TIME.com -- Tony Karon: Iraq Civilian Casualties? Who Knew?
		A significantly lower total is reported by the organization Iraq Bodycount, which has tabulated news reports that show a total of around 15,000 civilian casualties since the war began.
		If the civilian death toll can be routinely dismissed as an unfortunate by-product of war, an even more uncomfortable aspect for the U.S. of the Lancet study is the conclusion that the majority of the violent deaths had been caused not by terror attacks, but by U.S. air strikes.
		That's precisely why the rebels hide out among the civilian population: They know better than to isolate themselves as a target for their enemy's superior firepower, instead forcing him to inflict casualties on the civilian population in order to kill enemy combatants, thereby creating a force multiplier for the insurgency.
	time.com /time/columnist/karon/article/0,9565,933405,00.html?... (723 words)

	Body and Soul: Civilian casualties (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		In this case, we do hear about the insurgent terrorist attacks that kill large numbers of civilians, but if there are incidents where Americans kill civilians, I haven't been hearing about them lately, except for brief mentions when the Italian agent was killed at the checkpoint--then the papers said that such incidents were common.
		The embedded reporters of today are obviously unable to report anything that their assigned military unit, or the military brass, might object to.
		If the press tried to perform its role as watchdog the civilian casualty story would be one that would be at the top of their list of things to investigate and if they were unable to find out things in Iraq (because of the danger), they'd hound US officials about it.
	bodyandsoul.typepad.com /blog/2005/03/civilian_casual.html (1744 words)

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