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Topic: Civilians War

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	War Child \| Home
		War Child Canada, in partnership with the local Acholi Education Initiative, has developed a community-based strategy in order to increase access to basic education in the Acholi region of northern Uganda...
		War Child Canada disclaims all liability of any kind whatsoever arising out of your use of, or inability to use, this information.
		War Child Canada is not responsible for the accuracy, reliability or currency of information provided by external sources.
	www.warchild.ca (1668 words)

	War crime - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		War crimes include violations of established protections of the laws of war, but also include failures to adhere to norms of procedure and rules of battle, such as attacking those displaying a flag of truce, or using that same flag as a ruse of war to mount an attack.
		War crimes are sometimes part of instances of mass murder and genocide though these crimes are more broadly covered under international humanitarian law described as crimes against humanity.
		War crimes are significant in international humanitarian law because it is an area where international tribunals such as the Nuremberg Trials have been convened.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/War_crime (948 words)

	Vietnam War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The North Vietnamese government and its subordinate organization (NLF) viewed the war as a struggle to unite the country under a socialist government and to repel a foreign aggressor —a virtual continuation of the earlier war for independence against the French.
		This led to the conclusion by cold war strategists such as John Kennan that Southeast Asia would be one of the major areas in which Soviet forces would test the USA's commitment to a containment policy that had begun during the Truman Administration and been solidified by the stalemate that resulted from the Korean War.
		The massive escalation of the war from 1964 to 1968 was justified on the basis of the Gulf of Tonkin Incident on August 2-4, 1964, in which the Johnson Administration claimed that U.S. ships were attacked by the North Vietnamese.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vietnam_War (12269 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: War crime (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In international law, a war of aggression is generally considered to be any war for which the purpose is not to repel an invasion, or respond to an attack on the territory of a sovereign nation.
		War crimes are sometimes part of instances of mass murder and genocide though these crimes are more broadly covered under the human rights law described as crimes against humanity.
		War crimes are significant in human rights law because it is an area where international tribunals such as the Nuremberg Trials have been convened.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/War-crime (3613 words)

	Casualties in Iraq - 2006
		War is just a racket...I believe in adequate defense at the coastline and nothing else.
		Between 8 and 10 percent of nearly 12,000 soldiers from the war on terror, mostly from Iraq, treated at the Landstuhl Regional Medical Center in Germany had "psychiatric or behavioral health issues," according to the commander of the hospital, Col. Rhonda Cornum.
		The hospital has treated 11,754 soldiers from the war on terror, with 9,651 from Iraq and the rest from Afghanistan, according to data released by the hospital.
	www.antiwar.com /casualties (211 words)

	Civilians at War (7/1/96)
		Besides learning basic first aid and survival skills, civilians were trained to use small arms in the event military officials authorized handguns for civilians (they did not), to spot and avoid land mines and to use the military gear and clothing they were issued.
		Civilians often are issued BDUs, military parlance for the camouflage battle dress uniform, on deployments.
		Despite the soft numbers, the trend is unmistakable: Civilians and contractors represented less than 3 percent of the total force during the Persian Gulf war, and they now represent 9 percent of the force deployed to Bosnia.
	www.govexec.com /story_page.cfm?articleid=9845 (2877 words)

	War on Civilians: A MADRE Guide to the Middle East Crisis \| MADRE: An International Women's Human Rights Organization
		The protection of civilians in the conflict zone, including the provision of emergency relief, humanitarian assistance, and recovery efforts guided by UN Resolution 1325, which calls for women's leadership and representation in international peace-building and reconstruction processes.
		By deliberately targeting civilians in Lebanon and ignoring its legal obligation to respond in proportion to the threat posed by Hezbollah, Israel has escalated the conflict into a major political and humanitarian crisis.
		Attacks on civilians and civilian infrastructure are grave breaches of international law including: Article 33 of the Fourth Geneva Conventions, Article 48 of the Protocol 1 Aditional to the Geneva Conventions, and Article 50 of the Hague Convention.
	www.madre.org /articles/me/waroncivilians.html (3094 words)

	[No title]
		Civilians in War enforces the call for more political will on behalf of both state and non-state actors, the one feature of international politics in general that is ultimately needed for the protection of civilians to take place."—Kjersti Brathagen, Millennium
		The recognition of the need to place the discussion of civilians in war within a historical and political context is one of the book's virtues.
		In World War I, only 5 percent of all casualties were civilian; in World War II, that number was 50 percent; and in conflicts in the 1990s, civilians accounted for up to 90 percent of those killed.
	www.rienner.com /viewbook.cfm?BOOKID=1174 (462 words)

	Targeting Civilians
		Essentially, the convention concluded that it should be considered to be a war crime, punishable by imprisonment or death, for armies to attack defenseless citizens and towns; plunder civilian property; or take from the civilian population more than what was necessary to feed and sustain an occupying army.
		The Lieber Code paid lip service to the notion that civilians should not be targeted in war, but it contained a giant loophole: Federal commanders were permitted to completely ignore the Code if, "in their discretion," the events of the war would warrant that they do so.
		In The Hard Hand of War historian Mark Grimsley argues that Sherman has been unfairly criticized as the "father" of waging war on civilians because he "pursued a policy quite in keeping with that of other Union commanders from Missouri to Virginia." Fair enough.
	www.lewrockwell.com /dilorenzo/dilorenzo8.html (1676 words)

	IRAQI WAR CASUALTIES
		I was the country director of the first (and maybe only) door-to-door civilian casualties survey.
		Civilian: anyone killed outside the battlefield, even if his original job was military (e.g.
		a soldier killed in his house is a civilian).
	civilians.info /iraq (355 words)

	Civilian Victims of United States' Aerial Bombing of Afghanistan
		Yet another, wails about too much press coverage of civilian casualties by a media unable to understand that some civilian casualties must occur but that "what IS newsworthy is that so many bombs hit their targets".
		Secondly, this war does little to impede the cycle of violence of which the WTC attacks are merely one manifestation.
		Civilian casualty figures for the Iraq and Yugoslav wars vary enormously depending upon sources, e.g., from 300 to 1,200 in Yugoslavia and 3,000 in Iraq.
	www.cursor.org /stories/civilian_deaths.htm (12427 words)

	Civilians In War (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Parties to the conflict shall take the necessary measures to ensure that children under fifteen, who are orphaned or are separated from their families as a result of the war, are not left to their own resources, and that their maintenance, the exercise of their religion and their education are facilitated in all circumstances.
		The civilian population as such, as well as individual civilians, shall not be the object of attack.
		Civilians shall enjoy the protection afforded by this section, unless and for such time as they take a direct part in hostilities.
	www.childreninneed.com /magazine/excerpts.html (1155 words)

	A War Against Civilians?
		President Bush has declared a "war on terror," and political leaders such as House minority leader Dick Gephardt insist that "this is not a strike against the people of Afghanistan."
		The increased risk to truck drivers, the breakdown in law and order, and other disruptions due to the war are taking their expected toll.
		This war is different, in that it originated with a horrific terrorist attack on Americans.
	www.lewrockwell.com /orig/weisbrot2.html (800 words)

	War crime - Voyager, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A war crime is a punishable offense, under international (criminal) law, for violations of the law of war by any person or persons, military or civilian.
		Every violation of the law of war in an inter-state conflict is a war crime, while violations in internal conflicts don't necessarily amount to war crimes.
		Former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein is currently on trial accused of committing War Crimes as is former Yugoslav President Slobodan Milošević.
	www.voyager.in /War_crime (471 words)

	BRIA(15:3) Bombing of Civilians, World War II, Dropping Atomic Bomb, Nuclear proliferation, Rules of War
		As the war went on, the nations at war expanded their bombing targets from military to industrial ones, then to workers' houses, and finally to entire cities and their civilian populations.
		For the rest of the war, the British concentrated on the systematic widespread destruction of German cities by RAF nighttime air raids, a strategy called "area bombing." One reason the British took this fateful step was to "dehouse" the German people, which hopefully would shatter their morale and will to continue the war.
		Headed by Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson, the so-called Interim Committee decided to reaffirm the long-held policy of using the atomic bomb when it was ready.
	www.crf-usa.org /bria/bria15_3.html (6476 words)

	Waging War with Civilians: Asking the Unanswered Questions (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In fact, civilian contractors have quietly taken part in such recent and varied military-run operations as those in Somalia, Macedonia, and Rwanda, as well as those occasioned by Hurricanes Andrew and Iniki and numerous other domestic and international natural disasters.
		Although the world community generally recognizes an international legal precedent for civilians to provide support during war, advances in weapon systems and changes in war-fighting strategies have blurred the lines between support and combat, combatant and noncombatant, and civilian and soldier.
		Cuts in both uniformed and DOD civilian personnel, government pressure to privatize or outsource work traditionally performed by the military, and a growing need for contractors to maintain increasingly sophisticated weapon, logistics, and communications systems have forced the military services to use contractors to accomplish the mission.
	www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil /airchronicles/apj/apj00/fal00/castillo.htm (3451 words)

	War Times
		The current civil war is not the result of “age-old hatred” between Shia and Sunni, who have lived peacefully in mixed neighborhoods (and religiously mixed families) for centuries.
		And in contrast to administration distortions, the vast majority of armed attacks in Iraq are against U.S. troops or their Iraqi collaborators, not against Iraqi civilians (though these are often the most publicized and spectacular).
		War Times/Tiempo de Guerras is a fiscally sponsored project of the Center for Third World Organizing.
	www.war-times.org (1683 words)

	Roll of Honour - Kent - Ashford Civilians World War 2
		There is a memorial plaque in Ashford Cemetery, Bybrook, Ashford, dedicated to the civilian war dead of Ashford between 1939-1945.
		This is a comprehensive list of Ashford civilians who were killed as a consequence of enemy action during the Second World War.
		Civilian War Dead 1st - 31st March 1943.
	www.roll-of-honour.com /Kent/AshfordCivilian.html (1034 words)

	Stop the War Coalition Online
		The World Against War Conference will be the most significant and important international anti-war conference since the start of the Iraq War.
		Hackney will be holding a 'die-in' and Portsmouth Stop the War have called a rally in the centre of town.
		Banner painting, die-ins and demonstrations are the order of the day on campuses, and the pledge wil be important in building support for action in the event of an attack.
	www.stopwar.org.uk (765 words)

	NATO's war against civilians (Site not responding. Last check: )
		When Washington led NATO into the war against Serbia, President Bill Clinton at first claimed that the Serbian people were not the target.
		After the first Serbian civilian casualties, he icily commented that he regretted the incident, but in a war such things happen.
		When a bus was bombed at the end of March and 47 Yugoslavian civilians were killed, a NATO spokesman said he regretted the deaths, but, after all, the bus was on a bridge and a bridge is “a legitimate military target”.
	www.greenleft.org.au /back/1999/361/361p14.htm (1219 words)

	Civilians
		It is estimated that around 400 women disguised themselves as men to fight in the Civil War.
		Some were quickly discovered, others revealed the secret when their husband was killed or discharges, and a few managed to keep their gender a secret for a long period of time.
		These are stories of the women who worked as spies, as daughters of the regiments, or, disguised, as male soldiers to join the war.
	www.bookguy.com /civilwar/civilian.htm (347 words)

	Civil War, or War Against Civilians? - Mergers, Acquisitions, Venture Capital, Hedge Funds -- DealBook - New York Times
		Today in France L’Abbé Pierre was put to rest, a man who dedicated his life to make war on poverty, not on people, a man who embrassed all religions, background, a man who fighted and rebelled against injustice without ever taking a gun.
		Iraq isn´t experiencing a civil war, in fact is a war generated by foreigners, by the United States, who see itself as master of de rest of the world, with the gobermment that looks a lot like the nazis of another time, coexisting with us nowadays.
		Its a horrible war, an invasion of a country thats gone beyond the extension of land that belongs to the USA.
	dealbook.blogs.nytimes.com /2007/01/25/civil-war-or-war-against-civilians (1329 words)

	Civil War Potpourri Page
		This provides a list of the Confederate generals who were killed in action or died of wounds as a result of that action.
		Before this document it was a war to preserve the Union.
		After the Proclamation it was a war not only to preserve the Union, but a crusade to free the slaves.
	civilwarhome.com /potpourr.htm (1759 words)

	World War 2: Warsaw Uprising :: Witnesses
		It includes formal testimonies given to the commission investigating German/Nazi war crimes as well as personal memoirs and accounts of insurgents, civilians, and war correspondents.
		Atrocities The Central Commission for the Investigation of German Crimes in Poland was established in 1945 to collect evidence of German/Nazi war crimes committed in occupied Poland during 1939-1945.
		It has been estimated that 50,000 civilians were executed during the first two weeks of August of 1944.
	www.warsawuprising.com /witness.htm (1060 words)

	The National Archives Learning Curve \| Britain 1906-18 \| Civilians & War 1914-18: Gallery 5
		In August 1914 Britain went to war against Germany.
		In this gallery you are going to investigate the impact of this change on ordinary people and their lives during the war.
		You will use the sources and information in the case studies to write some summary reports on the impact of the war on civilians.
	www.learningcurve.gov.uk /britain1906to1918/g5/gallery5.htm (167 words)

	Imperial War Museum Collections Online Database
		You can also view images of over 30,000 highlights from the collection, including photographs, works of art, aircraft, vehicles and objects, and listen to selected 'soundbites' from the Sound Archive.
		The application of air power has resulted in unprecedented scales of destruction on civilian targets located far behind the front lines...
		In the era of 'Total War', distinctions between formal military forces and non-combatant civilians have become increasingly, and often deliberately, blurred...
	www.iwmcollections.org.uk (211 words)

	Mark Weisbrot: A War on Civilians?
		Read Cockburn and St. Clair's Whiteout: the CIA, Drugs and the Press and discover how the CIA gave a helping hand to the opium lords who took over Afghanistan, thus ushering the Taliban into power.
		resident Bush has declared a "war on terror," and political leaders such as House minority leader Dick Gephardt insist that "this is not a strike against the people of Afghanistan."
		In fact, by any objective definition of terrorism - one that includes the terrorism of states as well as individuals - the United States has been its largest single sponsor over the last half-century.
	www.counterpunch.org /weisbrot1.html (979 words)

	1862firstshiloh
		On the Civil War’s outbreak in 1861, he accepted the rank of captain in the Confederate army, was quickly promoted to colonel, and founded the 18th Louisiana Regiment.
		This research was prompted by relevant excerpts from the Navy Official Records provided me by Ranger Joe Davis of Shiloh National Military Park, and made possible by fellow researcher Joseph Richard, who generously provided the sources of the Confederate diary entries quoted here.
		A Revelation of War: Civilians in Hardin County, Tennessee, Spring, 1862,Vicki Betts, at http://www.hardinhistory.com/history/vbetts.htm
	www.navyandmarine.org /ondeck/1862firstshiloh.htm (3828 words)

	Military Law, Law of Armed Conflict - War, Military Justice, Military Courts, Air Force, Army, Navy, Marine Corps JAG (Site not responding. Last check: )
		include crimes such as the extermination of civilians, enslavement, torture, rape, forced pregnancy, persecution on political, racial, national, ethnic, cultural, religious or gender grounds, and enforced disappearances - but only when they are part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against a civilian population.
		The presence or movements of the civilian population or individual civilians shall not be used to render certain points or areas immune from military operations, in particular in attempts to shield military objectives from attacks or to shield, favour or impede military operations.
		The Parties to the conflict shall not direct the movement of the civilian population or individual civilians in order to attempt to shield military objectives from attacks or to shield military operations.
	www.au.af.mil /au/awc/awcgate/awc-law.htm (6855 words)

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