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Topic: Civilization (disambiguation)

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Civilization

	ipedia.com: Civilization Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The thesis that civilizations represent relatively homogeneous cultural spheres was central to the thinking of Oswald Spengler, who defined the coherence of a civilization as its organization around a single primary cultural symbol.
		Civilizations can be defined in several ways, and the number of distinct civilizations, their duration and extent, are the subject of some debate.
		The degree to which Aegean civilization is autochthonous, having emerged from the culture of Old Europe, or is derived from Afroasiatic cultures of Egypt and the Levant is subject to debate.
	www.ipedia.com /civilization.html (2671 words)

	Civilization
		Civilizations are distinguished from tribal societies such as hunter-gatherers and pastoral nomads.
		The thesis that civilizations represent relatively homogeneous cultural spheres was central to the thinking of Oswald Spengler, who defined the coherence of a civilization as its organization around a single primary cultural symbol.
		The degree to which Aegean civilization is autochthonous, having emerged from the culture of Old Europe, or is derived from Afroasiatic cultures of Egypt and the Levant is subject to debate.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/c/ci/civilization.html (2553 words)

	Civilization - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Technically, Anthropologists distinguish civilizations in which many of the people live in cities and get their food from agriculture, from band and tribal societies in which people live in small settlements or nomadic groups and subsist by foraging, hunting, or working small horticultural gardens.
		Civilization uses usually religion to justify its behaviour, for example claiming that the un-civilized are savages, barbarians or the like, which, for their own good, should subjugate to the civilization, or their God(s).
		The earliest known civilizations (as defined in the traditional sense) arose in Mesopotamia, the Nile valley of Egypt, the Indus Valley region of modern Pakistan, in the Huang He (Yellow River) valley of China, and on the island of Crete in the Aegean Sea.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Civilization (4080 words)

	Civilization (disambiguation) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A civilization can refer to a city-dwelling human society, human culture in general, etiquette and sophistication, or the imperialistic act of "civilizing lesser peoples".
		"Civilization" is a popular song (sometimes known as "Bongo Bongo Bongo, I Don't Wanna Leave the Congo" from its opening line) by Carl Sigman.
		Civilisation, presented by Sir Kenneth Clark, was a popular television series outlining the history of Western society produced by the BBC and aired in 1969.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Civilization_(disambiguation) (195 words)

	Civilization
		A civilization (or civilisation) is a complex society in which many of the people live in cities and use agriculture, as distinguished from band and tribal societies in which people live in small settlements or nomadic groups and make their subsistence by foraging, hunting, or working small horticultural gardens.
		Civilizations can be distinguished from one another in several ways, and the number of distinct civilizations, their duration, and extent, are the subject of some debate.
		Andean civilization: developed in the first millennium CE in the central Andes and the central Pacific coast of South America, including the urbanized cultures of Chimu, Tiwanaku, Chavin, Ica-Nazca, and Inca.
	pedia.newsfilter.co.uk /wikipedia/c/ci/civilization.html (2677 words)

	Civilization - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In a technical sense, a civilization is a complex society in which many of the people live in cities and get their food from agriculture, as distinguished from band and tribal societies in which people live in small settlements or nomadic groups and make their subsistence by foraging, hunting, or working small horticultural gardens.
		Currently, world civilization is in a stage that has created what may be characterized as an industrial society, superceding the agricultural society that preceded it.
		Andean civilization: developed in the first millennium BCE in the central Andes and the central Pacific coast of South America, including the urbanized cultures of Chavín, Moche, Ica-Nazca, Chimu, Tiwanaku, Aymara, and the semi-urbanized Inca.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Civilize (3266 words)

	Civilization Article, Civilization Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A civilization, or civilisation, is a complex society in which many of the people live in cities and use agriculture, as distinguished from band and tribal societies in which people live in small settlements ornomadic groups and make their subsistence by foraging, hunting, or workingsmall horticultural gardens.
		Civilizations can be distinguished from one another in several ways, and the number of distinct civilizations, their duration,and extent, are the subject of some debate.
		The degree to which Aegean civilization is autochthonous,having emerged from the culture of Old Europe, or is derived from Afroasiaticcultures of Egypt and the Levant is subject to debate.
	www.anoca.org /civilizations/cultural/civilization.html (2545 words)

	China - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		With one of the world's longest periods of uninterrupted civilization and the world's longest continuously used written language system, China's history has been largely characterized by repeated divisions and reunifications amid alternating periods of peace and war, and violent imperial dynastic change.
		The civil war was started by an extremist believer in a school of thought partly influenced by Christianity who believed himself to be the son of God and the younger brother of Jesus.
		In 1947, constitutional rule was established, but because of the ongoing Chinese Civil War between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China (CPC), many provisions of the 1947 ROC constitution were never put into actual practice on the mainland.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/c/h/i/China.html (5334 words)

	Civilization information - Search.com
		Technically, anthropologists distinguish civilizations in which many of the people live in cities and get their food from agriculture, from band and tribal societies in which people live in small settlements or nomadic groups and subsist by foraging, hunting, or working small horticultural gardens.
		But civilization is also spread by force: if a tribe does not wish to use agriculture or accept a certain religion it is often forced to do so by the civilized people, and they usually succeed due to their more advanced technology.
		Civilization often uses religion to justify its actions, claiming for example that the uncivilized are savages, barbarians or the like, which should be subjugated by civilization.
	www.search.com /reference/Civilization (7105 words)

	Civilization
		Civilization (1916 movie) Civilization is a 1916 pacifist allegorical film about a submarine commander who refuses to fi...
		Civilization III Conquests Civilization III: Conquests is the second (and maybe the final) expantion for Rome, Fall of R...
		Indus Valley Civilization The Indus Valley Civilization, Mohenjo Daro on the Indus.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/civilization.html (431 words)

	Civilization - Surch
		One school of thought says that civilization is a cultural identity which represents the broadest level of identification in which an individual intensely identifies, broader than family, tribe, hometown, nation, or region.
		The division of societies into 'civilized' and 'uncivilized' is arbitrary, has been the justification for colonialism, imperialism, genocide, and coercive acculturation.
		Many feminist and ecologist critiques of civilization emphasize the violence and exploitation of people and the environment that has accompanied the historical development of civilization, sometimes referred to as dominator culture, and suggest that the partnership societies that preceded so-called civilized societies may be a more just and sustainable pattern of human development.
	www.surch.co.uk /-/Civilization.html (1108 words)

	Civilization - Unipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In the technical sense, a civilization is a complex society, as distinguished from simpler societies.
		The earliest known civilizations originated in the Nile valley, China's Peiligang culture (discovered in 1977), Fertile Crescent, the Indus Valley (namely Mehrgarh and Harappa) and West Africa, where ancient peoples grouped together to form the first developed societies between the 10th and 4th millennia BC.
		The Indus Valley Civilization also boasts the earliest known accounts of urban planning, and the ancient Indus systems of sewage and drainage that were developed and used in cities throughout the Indus Valley were far more advanced than that of contemporary urban sites in the Middle East.
	www.unipedia.info /Civilisation.html (4081 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Although a distinct Carthaginian civilization ceased to exist, remnants of it contributed to later Mediterranean cultures.
		Due to the subjugation of the civilization by the Romans at the end of the Third Punic War, very few Carthaginian historical primary sources survive.
		Eventual victory by Rome was a turning point which meant that the civilization of the ancient Mediterranean would pass to the modern world via Southern Europe instead of North Africa.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Carthage (8061 words)

	Society Military People
		A civilization (or civilisation) is a form of civilization.
		A civilization (or civilisation) is a complex society in which many of the frontier period.
		The first civilization was that of the population which does not need to devote most of its time to producing their own food.
	ro31.mausoleumrec.com /societymilitarypeople.html (1225 words)

	China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Depending on one's point of view, modern China can be described as a single civilization or multiple civilizations, as a single state or multiple states, and as a single nation or multiple nations.
		With one of the world's lengthiest periods of uninterrupted civilization, China's history has been largely characterized by repeated divisions and reunifications amid alternating periods of peace and war, and violent imperial dynastic change.
		In 1947, constitutional rule was established, but because of the ongoing Chinese Civil War between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China (CPC), many provisions of the 1947 ROC constitution were never put into actual practise on the mainland.
	abcworld.net /China.html (4879 words)

	sociology - China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		China is the world's oldest continuous civilization and culture, with a history characterized by repeated divisions and reunifications amid alternating periods of peace and war, and violent dynastic change.
		The civil war was started by a extremist believer in a school of thought partly influenced by Christianity who believed himself to be the son of God and the younger brother of Jesus.
		In 1947, constitutional rule was established, but because of the ongoing Chinese Civil War between the KMT and the Communist Party of China (CPC), many provisions of the 1947 ROC constitution were never put into actual practice on the mainland.
	www.aboutsociology.com /sociology/China (3569 words)

	India - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Home to the Indus Valley Civilization and a region of ancient trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent has a heritage that includes the decimal number system, the Buddhist art of Ajanta, and the Taj Mahal.
		Stone Age rock shelters with paintings at Bhimbetka in Madhya Pradesh are the earliest known traces of human life on the Indian subcontinent.
		It was followed by the Vedic Civilization which laid the foundations of Hinduism and other cultural aspects of early Indian society.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/India (3874 words)

	Civilization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		One school of thought says that civilization is a cultural identity which represents the broadest level of identification inwhich an individual intensely identifies, broader than family, tribe, hometown, nation, or region.
		The concept of civilization is central to the historical theories of Arnold J. Toynbee who described history as the process of the rise and decline of civilizations, of whichhe identified 26.
		The concept of empire overlaps with that of "civilisation", so the empiricaldescription of the 500-year old Western empire by Noam Chomsky and the moretheoretical analysis by Negri and Hardt constitute other contemporary analyses of civilizations.
	www.therfcc.org /civilization-635.html (446 words)

	civilization \| English \| Dictionary & Translation by Babylon
		The word civilization (or civilisation) has a variety of meanings related to human society.
		Roman civil law was gathered together into a consolidated body of the “Corpus Juris Civilis” in the 6th Century for Emperor Justinian (AD 483- AD 565).
		From 1388 the word “civil” appeared in English, while “civilisation” as a “law which makes a criminal process civil," appeared in 1704, closely followed in 1722 with “civilisation” - meaning the opposite of “barbarity” and coming probably from the French language.
	info.babylon.com /onlinebox.cgi?rt=ol&cid=CD776&term=civilization&tl=English&uil=English&tid=AffToolbar (244 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Crete was the center of the Minoan civilization (ca.
		Crete was the centre of Europe's most ancient civilization, the Minoan.
		Referred to often as the 'cradle' of European civilization.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Crete (1652 words)

	Civilization - InformationBlast
		The concept of civilization is central to the historical theories of Arnold J. Toynbee who described history as the process of the rise and decline of civilizations, of which he identified 26.
		The concept of empire overlaps with that of "civilisation", so the empirical description of the 500-year old Western empire by Noam Chomsky and the more theoretical analysis by Negri and Hardt constitute other contemporary analyses of civilizations.
		Some people's thought holds that there are and have been many advanced civilizations in human history and that no one culture is inherently superior.
	www.informationblast.com /Civilization.html (457 words)

	Civilization Details, Meaning Civilization Article and Explanation Guide
		Following the philosophy of methodological relativism articulated by Franz Boas, most social scientists do not think that complex societies are not by nature superior, more humane, or more sophisticated than less complex groups.
		However, the use of the term "civilized" to mean positive things like refinement or politeness remains; see for example the definitions of civilization on dictionary.com.
		Andean civilization: developed in the first millennium CE in the central Andes and the central Pacific coast of South America, including the urbanized cultures of Chimu, Tiwanaku, Chavin, Ica-Nazca, Aymara, and Inca.
	www.e-paranoids.com /c/ci/civilization.html (2809 words)

	Kiev (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Founded probably in the 5th century, a trading post in the land of Early East Slavs, the city gradually acquired eminence as the center of the East Slavic civilization, in the tenth to twelfth centuries a political and cultural capital of Kievan Rus'.
		Historically, Kiev is one of the most ancient and important cities of the region, the center of the Rus' civilization, survivor of numerous wars, purges, and genocides.
		Starting from some point during the late ninth or early tenth century, Kiev was ruled by the Varangian nobility and became the nucleus of the Rus' polity, which became known as Kievan Rus' during the Golden age of Kiev.
	www.ufaqs.com /wiki/en/ki/Kiev.htm (2042 words)

	End of the World (disambiguation) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title.
		The End of the world (civilization) is a common expression for any natural or artificial event which brings civilization or humanity to an end.
		The End of the world (philosophy) projects scenarios where philosophical issues could impact on decision making which results in or facilitates the "end the world".
	www.secaucus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/End_of_the_world (497 words)

	Maya civilization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The carvings and stucco reliefs at Palenque and the statuary of Copán are especially fine, showing a grace and accurate observation of the human form that reminded early archaeologists of Classical civilization of the Old World, hence the name bestowed on this era.
		With the decipherment of the Maya script it was discovered that the Maya were one of the few civilizations where artists attached their name to their work.
		As Maya cities spread throughout the varied geography of Mesoamerica, the extent of site planning appears to be minimal; their cities being built somewhat haphazardly as dictated by the topography of each independent location, Maya architecture tends to integrate a great degree of natural features.
	www.infothis.com /find/Maya_civilization (3239 words)

	Civilization - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Civilization is peaceful, or civil, interaction of peoples, made possible by rule of law and property rights.
		Now most social scientists realize that complex societies are not by nature superior, more humane, or more sophisticated than less complex groups.However, the use of the term "civilized" to mean positive things like refinement or politeness remains; see for example the definitions of civilization on dictionary.com (http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=civilization).
		Most of the civilizations identified below meet the criteria of possessing cities, specialized occupations, political entities larger than a single settlement, extensive trade networks, and writing, but not all of the civilizations listed below include all of these criteria.
	www.free-definition.com /Civilization.html (2878 words)

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