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| | Earliest Civilizations, the Steppe, Vedas, Upanishads, and the Mandukya Upanishad |
 | | Earliest Civilizations, the Steppe, Vedas, Upanishads, and the Mandukya Upanishad |
 | | There can be civilization without writing (the Incas), and perhaps writing without much in the way of cities (runes), but the creation of writing gives to the earliest historical civilizations a role that prior urban culture (as at Jericho) could not match. |
 | | Sumerian civilization, however, did not die, since most of its elements, and the cuneiform writing system itself, were adapted to writing a Semitic language, Akkadian, whose daughters, Babylonian and Assyrian, bore the literature of subsequent Mesopotamian civilization, even while lovingly preserving knowledge of Sumerian. |
| www.friesian.com /upan.htm (5980 words) |
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