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Topic: Clackamas Indians

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	The First People of Clackamas County, Oregon
		Northwest Indian cultures ranged from small groups of horse-riding nomads on the Columbia Plateau to large and permanent villages--typically of 30 to 100 people--toward the coast and in the rich inland valleys.
		Very roughly (the Indians recognized no larger political unit than the household or village) the Upper Chinooks were divided into the Multnomah of the western Willamette riverbank and Wapato (Sauvies) Island and the CLACKAMAS of the eastern Willamette riverbank and the valleys of the Clackamas and Sandy Rivers.
		Today, descendants of the first people of Clackamas County are part of the Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde, a community of five tribes (Kalapuya, Molalla, Umpqua, Chasta, and Rogue River) that preserves a common culture in a place far from their traditional lands.
	www.usgennet.org /alhnorus/ahorclak/indians.html (1944 words)

	Emigrants & Indians
		The larger truth is that native lifestyles were disrupted by other Indians and by the arrival of Spanish horses well before the United States came into existence, wars and irreversible cultural changes were caused by government policies older than the Oregon Trail, and most contact between emigrants and Indians on the overland trails was peaceful.
		Plains Indians were in a constant battle over homelands as migrating tribes shoved aside previous occupants, and the policies of the US government served only to further complicate this situation.
		During the Jackson presidency, a policy of Indian removal was implemented and the "five civilized tribes" of the northeast were forcibly relocated to the plains.
	www.endoftheoregontrail.org /road2oregon/sa19indians.html (1715 words)

	Clackamas County, Oregon - Oregon.com
		Oregon City rapidly became the primary urban center in Clackamas County and dominated social and political life in Oregon during the provisional government period.
		Clackamas County government is composed of three commissioners, a district attorney, assessor, clerk, sheriff, surveyor, and treasurer.
		Before it was covered with water, the meadow was a favorite with sheepherders who sowed timothy grass seed to augment the natural grasses for their grazing flocks.
	www.oregon.com /counties/clackamas.cfm (600 words)

	Upper Chinook Clackamas
		The Clackamas people--the source of the name for both the County and the river that cuts diagonally across it--lived on the east bank of the Willamette as far as the Falls, above and below the Falls themselves on either bank, and in the valleys of the Clackamas and Sandy rivers.
		The Willamette Indians place the infant, soon after birth, upon a board, to the edges of which are attached little loops of hempen cord or leather, and other similar cords are passed across and back, in a zigzag manner, through these loops, enclosing the child, and binding it firmly down.
		The Indian quickly sickened and died and a rumor began that the infection was a deliberate attack by the American captain.
	www.usgennet.org /alhnorus/ahorclak/clackamas.html (2600 words)

	Oregon Sheriffs - Clackamas County
		Clackamas County is named for the resident Clackamas Indians and is one of the four original Oregon counties.
		John Myers, the former Sheriff of Stanislaus County in California from 1856 to 1860, was elected to the Clackamas County position in 1868 and was Sheriff for two years.
		A former member of the Provisional Legislature and an Indian agent, Absalom Fouts Hedges became the county's 1 lth Sheriff when he was elected to the office in 1872.
	gesswhoto.com /sheriff-clackamas.html (3098 words)

	1853militaryreport
		The Indians in this vicinity do not understand these long delays, and, bordering upon California, whose gold mines are often visited by them, they fear that they may share the fate of those of the Willamette valley, or of their red brethren in California.
		The Indian poured several buckets of water into a low place in the ring in which they were dancing, and after whistling like the elk, laid down to wallow in the mire.
		When dissatisfied with a present wife, the Indian turns her off and gets a new one, and the priest has been compelled to be satisfied with making them abandon to that limited extent their ancient habits.
	www.lib.uidaho.edu /mcbeth/governmentdoc/1853milrept.htm (6215 words)

	SAIL Ser.2, 16.3
		Her youthful exuberance resonates with the nineteenth-century scientific typing of the Indian where "savages were presumed to be closest to the animal stage, they were also presumed to be creatures of instinct who reacted simply, almost automatically, to environmental stimuli" (Berkhofer 60).
		Her claim that the Indians are the rightful sovereigns of the land, for instance, refutes the myth of Manifest Destiny.
		Her Indian nature must be coupled with her Anglo experiences to generate her autobiographical voice, similar to how the listener must couple with the seashell and Zitkala-a's textual identity (each a subject removed from its native environment) and use their imagination to hear any sound.
	oncampus.richmond.edu /faculty/ASAIL/SAIL2/163.html (17943 words)

	A Profile of the Rock Creek Watershed
		Clackamas County Clackamas County is the lead agency in charge of regulating land use in the Rock Creek Watershed, as it is in all unincorporated areas of the county.
		Clackamas County's Planning Department is responsible for land use permits and reviews, zoning code administration, plan development and implementation, review of development plans and land divisions for compliance with the Comprehensive Plan, and regulation of design of new developments.
		In 1995, voters in the the in Multnomah, Clackamas, and Washington Counties voted for a bond measure to purchase greenspaces in the tri-county area.
	www.upa.pdx.edu /CWSP/WATSHED/rock_cl/rock_cl.htm (8495 words)

	Clackamas County, Oregon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Clackamas County (IPA: [ˈklæ kə mɪs]) is a county located in the U.S. state of Oregon.
		Clackamas was one of the four original Oregon districts created by Oregon's Provisional Legislature on July 5, 1843 along with Twality (later Washington), Champooick (later Marion), and Yamhill.
		As of August 2005, Clackamas is the first county in Oregon to have four models of governance for its communities.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Clackamas_County,_Oregon (906 words)

	The Shaping Forces - Historical
		The Indians thought Whitman was responsible for their deaths, and in 1847 the Cayuse Indians massacred of the Whitmans and 12 others at Waiilatpo.
		Indian women were kidnapped to be used as mistresses for white men.
		This is a clear indictment of the treatment of the Indians, Blacks, Chinese, and other groups in the West during the settlement of Portland.
	www.netadventures.biz /porthis1.htm (4792 words)

	Clackamas County History
		The Clackamas County Courthouse in Oregon City was completed in 1937.
		In the shadow of majestic Mt. Hood, eastern Clackamas County's
		Clackamas County, named after the Clackamas Indians, was one of the four original districts created by the Provisional Legislature on July 5, 1843.
	arcweb.sos.state.or.us /county/cpclackamashome.html (570 words)

	Clackamas County Complete Communities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Clackamas County, created in 1843, was named for the Clackamas Indians, and was one of the four original counties in the Oregon Territory.
		In 1999, nearly the entire estimated population of Clackamas County was Caucasian, followed by Hispanic, Asian, Pacific Islanders and African American.
		Within the County are a range of communities, ranging from the rural setting of Estacada, a former timber town, to Lake Oswego, the largest city in the County.
	www.co.clackamas.or.us /community/background/identity.htm (628 words)

	Oregon’s Mt. Hood Territory Past and Present
		Clackamas County was one of four original districts created and its borders spanned portions of four present-day states (Oregon, Washington, Idaho and Alaska) and one Canadian province (British Columbia).
		The Indians of the region who once found themselves so distinct in history, language and tradition, now were forced to inter-mingle tribal cultures for survival.
		Oregon City was the Clackamas County seat, thus serving as the location where all emigrants had to make their land claims.
	www.mthoodterritory.com /press/past.htm (1308 words)

	Oregon Trail Timeline - 1816 to 1830
		Clerks of the Northwest Company spread word among the metis free trapper/traders in the region that they were to be displaced from their homeland and cut off from their supply of Indian pemmican, a preserved food essential in the trappers' life.
		In 1816, a party of the Northwest Company killed an Indian chief near the Falls of the Willamette after they were fired upon while on their way down river.
		The Clackamas Indians stayed on the east bank of the river at the Falls while the Northwesters with their three field pieces faced them from the west bank.
	www.oregon.com /history/oregon_trail_timeline_1816_1830.cfm (9953 words)

	CAMPING IN CLACKAMAS COUNTY OREGON (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Clackamas included all the land not within the borders of the other districts, a vast territory.
		Clackamas extended east from the Willamette River to the crest of the Rocky Mountains and north to the international border, at 54o 40' (Russian Alaska).
		Clackamas County, was named after the Clackamas Indians, and was one of the original districts created on July 5, 1843.
	www.cybcity.com /camporegon/clackmas.htm (5825 words)

	Indian Tribes Want to Reclaim Meteorite as Sacred Object
		In the late 19th century, tribal members were confined to a reservation away from the meteorite, and use of it as a sacred object fell off, said Ryan Heavy Head, a Blackfoot Indian who is consultant to the Grand Ronde tribes on repatriation issues.
		In the 1905 legal dispute over the meteorite, a Klickitat Indian named Susap testified that medicine men said it came from the moon, and it was used to purify Clackamas Indians for war.
		The Clackamas are a part of the Grand Ronde.
	www.newhousenews.com /archive/story1a1119.html (950 words)

	Clackamas County Climate
		Clackamas County lies in between northwest Oregon near the Washington Border and the northern part of the Cascade mountain range.
		Below is a description of the climate of Division 2 and 4, followed by specific descriptions of Clackamas County.
		Clackamas County was named for the resident Clackamas Indians and was one of the four original Oregon counties created in 1843.
	www.ocs.orst.edu /county_climate/Clackamas_files/Clackamas.html (1794 words)

	Northwest Indian Tribes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Their language served as the basis for the Chinook Jargon which became the principal means of communication for the Indians from California to the Yukon, as well as trappers, traders and the majority of other individuals living and surviving in the territory.
		The Latgawa Indian tribe is the only surviving Aboriginal Indian Tribe having the full rights to the Rogue Valley Indians Treaties of 1853 and 1854.
		In the era of the Rogue Indian Wars, Rogue Valley Indians were killed or captured, while many of the Latgawa escaped and survived with the help of Tribes such as the Klamath, Blackfoot, Nes Perce, Chief Seattle and the Suquamish tribe, and others.
	www.oregonpioneers.com /tribe.htm (1221 words)

	Frame of Reference - Sextus Stele
		The Ojibway, originally one of the largest Indian groups north of Mexico, met with such a succession of disasters that as early as 1670 their numbers had dwindled to about one hundred and fifty.
		The mountain on which it stands belongs to the Papago Indians, who at first refused to allow astronomers to build because it is the sacred dwelling place of their god, Eel-ol-top.
		The nearby Clackamas Indians shared fishery and trading sites in the area near Willamette Falls with the Kalapuya (also spelled Calapooya) who lived south, and the Molallan who lived southeast in the foothills of the Cascade Mountains.
	www.2think.org /frame_of_reference_sextus_stele.shtml (7413 words)

	Ethnic Bibliography / Book List of the Northwest - Washington State / British Columbia
		The Indian History of British Columbia: The Impact of the White Man.
		Indians in the Making: Ethnic Relations and Indian Identities around Puget Sound.
		Ethnobotany of the Gitksan Indians of British Columbia.
	www.ibike.org /bibliography/nw-books.htm (1182 words)

	The News-Review - Sports
		The Indians may have come up empty in the Class 4A state playoffs, but they certainly made it interesting.
		After Clackamas opened up a 53-43 lead late in the third period, the Indians slowly began to chip away at the deficit.
		The Indians will graduate eight seniors from this year's squad, each of whom played a key role in Roseburg's rally.
	www.newsreview.info /article/20050303/SPORTS/103030085 (892 words)

	Oregon City
		Near the mouth of the Clackamas River, there once stood an old, moss-covered, seemingly dilapidated house 300 feet long.
		The Indians along this portion of the Wal-lamt, or Willamette, River were hosts to the hundreds of migrating Molallas, Calapooyas, Multnomahs, Teninos, and Chinooks who came each year to catch salmon at Hyas Tyee Tumwater -- what white men named Willamette Falls.
		The Indians' permanent marks can still be seen in petroglyphs at the base of the falls on Black Point.
	www.endoftheoregontrail.org /road2oregon/sa27ORcity.html (970 words)

	Centennial History of Oregon by Gaston - Indians of Old Oregon Country Money
		As time and experience brought the Indians more and more under the observation of traders and naturalists, marked differences were discovered, and such distinction as the various tribes themselves maintained and enforced.
		This family of Indians occupied the shores of the Columbia from its mouth to the Dalles, and the Willamette from Oregon City to its junction with the Columbia.
		Ne-mal-quin-ner, lived at the falls of the Willamette river in Clackamas county, Oregon, and also had a temporary house on the north end of Sauvie's island in Multnomah county, Oregon, where they went occasionally to collect wap-pa-too roots.
	gesswhoto.com /centennial-indian-groups.html (1337 words)

	GORP - Slammed! - Whitewater Brutality on the Clackamas River's Fish Creek Run
		With its genesis in the high alpine tarns of the Cascades' Olallie Butte at 6,000 feet, the Clackamas descends and meanders for 83 northwesterly miles towards its confluence with the Willamette River near Oregon City.
		Although the main artery of the Clackamas may not be particularly long, its entire river system drains more than 930 square miles southeast of Portland.
		So named after the Clackamas Indians who once occupied the banks of the Willamette River from its junction with the Columbia river to the falls at Oregon City, the Clackamas River is a rain river and can be run all year-round.
	gorp.away.com /gorp/location/or/pad_clac.htm (463 words)

	Salem (Oregon) Online History - Kalapuya
		In The Kalapuyans: a Sourcebook on the Indians of the Willamette Valley, author Harold Mackey notes that while Lewis and Clark met and described many Indians of the Columbia River Valley during their expedition to the Pacific Northwest from 1804 to 1806, they did not mention any Indians of the Willamette River.
		In 1851, Anson Dart, the Superintendent of Indian Affairs in Oregon began treaty negotiations with the Kalapuyas.
		The Kalapuyans: A Sourcebook on the Indians of the Willamette Valley.
	www.salemhistory.net /people/native_americans.htm (1412 words)

	Sasquatch and Native Americans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A female Indian who was always interested in the old ways, she was and is very interested in learning more about Sasquatch, and she has listened attentively to many medicine men's Sasquatch stories as she traveled from reservation to reservation.
		Man Indian elders in the Northwest refuse to eat bear meat because of the bear's similarity to humans, and Bigfoot is obviously much more similar to humans than is the bear.
		The Clackamas Indians (a branch of the Chinook), maintain that in the lands of the headwaters of the Clackamas river, adolescent Bigfeet beings have to pass a test to become an adult members of the Bigfoot tribe.
	www.ncf.carleton.ca /~bz050/HomePage.bfna.html (1707 words)

	HISTORIC CONTEXT STATEMENT
		The nearby Clackamas Indians, also of the Upper Chinookan Linguistic group, located their villages along the Clackamas River.
		A new Clackamas County Courthouse was constructed in Oregon City in 1884.
		A new Clackamas County Courthouse was constructed in 1936-1937 with assistance from the Public Works Administration.
	www.orcity.org /community-develop/planning/historical_context.htm (2765 words)

	Roseburg hits on all cylinders in rout of EP - September 24, 2005
		The only defeat for Roseburg, the preseason SOC favorite, was by three points at No. 3-ranked Clackamas.
		Both teams came up with big stops early, the Eagles forcing Roseburg into a field goal that was missed, then the Indians picking off a Brandt Nevin pass to thwart an Eagles drive.
		The Indians led 14-0 early in the third quarter when Eagle Point went for it on fourth-and-two at its own 35.
	www.mailtribune.com /archive/2005/0924/sport/stories/03sport.htm (617 words)

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