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Topic: Clade

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	Clade - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A clade is a term belonging to the discipline of cladistics.
		Strictly speaking, a clade is a scientific hypothesis of evolutionary relationships among the organisms included in the analysis, based on the data considered in a cladistic analysis.
		If a clade proves robust in different analyses using different kinds of data, it may be translated to taxonomy: it will become a taxon, and may get a formal name and a rank.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Clade (287 words)

	Cladistics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Each clade is set off by a series of characteristics that appear in its members, but not in the other forms from which it diverged.
		Stem-based: all descendants of the oldest common ancestor of A and B that is not also an ancestor of Z. Apomorphy-based: the most recent common ancestor of A and B possessing a certain apomorphy (derived character), and all its descendants.
		A monophyletic group is a clade, comprising an ancestral form and all of its descendants, and so forming one (and only one) evolutionary group.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cladistics (1905 words)

	Clade Octogen
		The Clade Octogen is rumoured to be another of Dimimimon4's creations, though in fact no clues to the clade Octogen has been found in Dimimimon4's notes.
		This minimalism, and the fact that the clade gains no abilities from its improvements that couldn't be achieved much better with other genemods, leads some people to believe that the Octogen aren't really a finished clade, but rather were a prototype used to test the capabilities of their nanobones.
		Members of the clade are considered the best baseline-equivalent designers of nanomachinery in their sector, and given the prices that may be demanded by Su or higher toposophics the entire clade is able to live on this specialty.
	www.orionsarm.com /clades/Octogen.html (733 words)

	SF REVIEWS.NET: Clade / Mark Budz
		Clade is an absorbing debut novel that, were it not for some unfortunate holes in plot logic, would have been a genre groundbreaker on the order of the best works by Mark Budz' most obvious influences, William Gibson and Bruce Sterling (with a pinch of Phil Dick for good measure).
		A new class system has been introduced through the wonders of biotech; human beings have been socially engineered at the molecular level through a process called "clading," through which entire socioeconomic or ethnic groups are made to be biologically predisposed to live in particular communities and not others.
		Enter a community for which you have not been claded and the consequences could be sickness or (in extreme cases) death.
	www.sfreviews.net /clade.html (822 words)

	Science Fiction Book Reviews
		Exposure to an unfriendly clade environment can be painful or even fatal, so everybody is highly attuned to the "pherions" that carry clade markers.
		Clade is a very accomplished first novel—indeed, it's a very accomplished novel full stop.
		Clade is never less than readable, and frequently absorbing, as Anthea and Rigo try to find their way out of the maze of hidden dangers they've been dropped into.
	www.scifi.com /sfw/issue348/books.html (598 words)

	Orion's Arm RPG :: View topic - Clade Design (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Although clades generally share a single origin or a small number of common ancestors (such as an original founding colony or community), it is also usually possible (although there are exceptions) to join a clade by adopting the qualities of that clade in one's genome, physiology, ideology, and so on.
		Each Clade would have these kind of biases and need to be included into their writeups (again to steal a DandD example) the same way minimum statistics are required for character classes.
		I think that clade prejudice against "pretenders" will be a good method to prevent players from simply adopting the qualities of a clade as a means of circumventing the cultural baggage and only going for the "cool stuff".
	www.orionsarm.com /dyn/bbs/rpg/viewtopic.php?p=767 (2058 words)

	UCMP Glossary: Phylogenetics
		clade -- A monophyletic taxon; a group of organisms which includes the most recent common ancestor of all of its members and all of the descendants of that most recent common ancestor.
		A derived character state is inferred to be a modified version of the primitive condition of that character, and to have arisen later in the evolution of the clade.
		In cases of pseudoextinction, this disappearance is not due to the death of all members, but the evolution of novel features in one or more lineages, so that the new clades are not recognized as belonging to the paraphyletic ancestral group, whose members have ceased to exist.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /glossary/gloss1phylo.html (1380 words)

	Aces of the Luftwaffe - Josef-Emil Clade
		Josef-Emil Clade was born on 26 February 1916 at Hambach in the Neustadt region.
		Clade was serving with JG 1 during the German Blitzkrieg of the Low Countries in May 1940.
		Clade was appointed Staffelkapitän of 12./JG 27, based in France, in November 1944.
	www.luftwaffe.cz /clade.html (492 words)

	THE THERIAN CLADE
		The term Atlantogenata is based on the hypothesis that the opening of the Atlantic Ocean, and thus the breaking up of Gondwanaland, initially isolated one branch of this lineage in South America and another in Africa.
		The linkage of the African groups as a single phylogenetic clade is a unique perspective derived from molecular data; this hypothesis has not been proposed from morphological analyses.
		The archantan clade is termed Euarchonta to reflect the exclusion of the bats, and dermopterans and primates are collectively named the Primatomorpha to reflect their sister relationship.
	ib.berkeley.edu /courses/ib173/lectures/lecture5/5-therian.html (796 words)

	PhyloCode Article 11 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Therefore, when a clade name is converted from a preexisting genus name or is a new or converted name derived from the stem of a genus name, the definition of the clade name must use the type species of that genus name at the time of establishment as an internal specifier.
		If a clade is named that includes plants with Cordaixylon-type stems but not Mesoxylon-type stems, the type species of Cordaites should not be cited as a specifier because its type specimen may not belong to this clade, and the clade should not be named Cordaites.
		Definitions of converted clade names should be stated in a way that attempts to capture the spirit of historical use to the degree that it is consistent with the contemporary concept of monophyly.
	www.ohiou.edu /phylocode/art11.html (1890 words)

	Cladistics: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		These identifying characteristics of a clade are called synapomorphies[For more info, click on this link] (shared, EHandler: no quick summary.
		A wing is a surface used to produce an aerodynamic force normal to the direction of motion by travelling in air or another gaseous medium, facilitating flight]...
		In phylogenetics, a group is monophyletic (greek: of one stem) if all organisms in that group are known to have developed from a common ancestral form,...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/cl/cladistics.htm (2933 words)

	Clade Ngagi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Clade Ngagi is generally considered the first completely new clade produced by the Institute for Primate Provolution; although the unplanned Clade Eja template was developed a little earlier.
		Though many other gorilla-based clades have appeared since, the Ngagi template was so successful in its time that it absorbed nearly all the earlier, less successful gorilla provolve clades; most gorilla provolves upgraded themselves or their children to join the Ngagi some time during the 19
		The first members of the clade appeared in 1805 a.t., and at first they multiplied rapidly, in part because gorilla provolves of other earlier clades who were unhappy with their lot tended to convert to the Ngagi standard.
	www.orionsarm.com /clades/Clade_Ngagi.html (1973 words)

	PhyloCode Article 9 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		An apomorphy-based definition may take the form "the clade stemming from the first organism or species to possess apomorphy M as inherited by A" or "the most inclusive clade exhibiting character (state) M synapomorphic with that in A." An apomorphy-based definition may be abbreviated "clade (M in A)".
		If the author of a crown clade definition (Note 9.4.1) did not specify the meaning of "extant" or "crown clade" or an analogous term used in the definition (e.g., "living", "Recent"), then subsequent authors are to interpret that definition as referring to organisms or species that were extant on its publication date (Art.
		Clades to be named should be based on a published phylogeny derived via an explicit, reproducible analysis.
	www.ohiou.edu /phylocode/art9.html (1108 words)

	Amazon.com: Clade: Books: Mark Budz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		When Rigo, who is working his way up from the poverty of the San Jose clade, is invited to travel to the asteroid being colonized with the aid of the warm-blooded plants that he has been working with, he knows that if he wants to move up in the corporate world, he must go.
		CLADE is set 50 years after a catastrophic ecological collapse, the 'ecocaust', a human-caused mass-extinction right up there with the five worst in Earth's history.
		Clade will take its place in the canon not so much alongside cyberpunk novels in the mold of Gibson, Stephenson, and Dick but rather with the countless offerings warning of looming catastrophe from climate change and genetic engineering.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0553586580?v=glance (1579 words)

	Inflorescence diversification in the panicoid "bristle grass" clade (Paniceae, Poaceae): evidence from molecular ...
		Inflorescence diversification in the panicoid "bristle grass" clade (Paniceae, Poaceae): evidence from molecular phylogenies and developmental morphology
		As in clade 1, spikelet differentiation is basipetal, with spikelets
		in the bristle clade, with Setaria clade 2 and Pennisetum/Cenchrus
	www.amjbot.org /cgi/content/full/89/8/1203 (6971 words)

	Clade by Mark Budz - an infinity plus metareview
		Clade is set 50 years after a catastrophic ecological collapse, the 'ecocaust', a human-caused mass-extinction right up there with the "Big 5" worst in Earth's history.
		But Clade also has mothers who love their children, brothers who stand up for each other, decent people trying to do the right thing, and a man and a woman who refuse to let this strange new world change what is most basic and human about them -- their love and respect for each other."
		"Clade is an absorbing debut novel that, were it not for some unfortunate holes in plot logic, would have been a genre groundbreaker on the order of the best works by...
	www.infinityplus.co.uk /nonfiction/clade.htm (446 words)

	Homobasidiomycetes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Strong support for most of the clades proposed by Hibbett and Thorn (2001) was obtained by Binder and Hibbett (2002) in an analysis that combined data from small and large subunits of nuclear and mitochondrial rDNA (3.8 kilobases per species) in 93 species that span much of the diversity of Homobasidiomycetes.
		Relationships among the clades are poorly resolved, except for the sister-group relationship of the euagarics clade and bolete clade.
		The basal position of the cantharelloid clade and gomphoid-phalloid clade is consistent with their possession of imperforate parenthesomes, but this placement is weakly supported by currently available molecular evidence.
	tolweb.org /tree?group=Homobasidiomycetes&contgroup=Hymenomycetes (2973 words)

	Clade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It uses material from the Wiktionary page "Clade".
		The Clade Lycopsida diverged in the Early Devonian...
		Introduction to the 'Slime Molds' Illustrated discussion of the biology and classification of these organisms, which are no longer considered to be fungi and which include three main groups that do not form a clade.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Clade.html (152 words)

	Hymenochaetoid clade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This tree represents the current knowledge on phylogenetic relationships of distinct members of the hymenochaetoid clade, and it is strongly based on some analyses of ribosomal DNA sequences (Wagner and Fischer, 2001; Hibbett and Binder 2002; Wagner and Fischer, 2002a; Wagner and Fischer, 2002b; Wagner and Ryvarden, 2002; Moncalvo et al., 2002).
		The hymenochaetoid clade is one of the eight major clades of Homobasidiomycetes suggested by Hibbett and Thorn (2001), and corroborated by Binder and Hibbett (2002) and Moncalvo et al.
		Although they are not restricted to the hymenochaetoid clade, styrylpyrones are found in all studied hymenochatacean members of the clade (Fiasson, 1982), which, together with other phenolic compounds, confer the typical xanthocroic reaction.
	tolweb.org /tree?group=Hymenochaetoid_clade&contgroup=Homobasidiomycetes (1986 words)

	Amniota (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Although fundamentally land dwellers, several clades such as ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs, pinnipeds and cetaceans have returned to the sea.
		Indeed, recognition of the major living clades, such as mammals, turtles and birds, antedates the Theory of Descent.
		Nevertheless, the precise relations of a number of clades, most notably the turtles among extant forms and the aquatic and highly divergent ichthyosaurs and sauropterygians among extinct forms, remain contentious.
	www.tolweb.org /tree?group=Amniota&contgroup=Terrestrial_vertebrates (2521 words)

	The genus Spiroplasma and its non-helical descendants: phylogenetic classification, correlation with phenotype and ...
		The genus Spiroplasma and its non-helical descendants: phylogenetic classification, correlation with phenotype and roots of the Mycoplasma mycoides clade -- Gasparich et al.
		The genus Spiroplasma and its non-helical descendants: phylogenetic classification, correlation with phenotype and roots of the Mycoplasma mycoides clade
		clade as a derivative of the Entomoplasmataceae clade.
	ijs.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/54/3/893 (7151 words)

	Diversity of the envelope glycoprotein among human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates of clade E from Asia and ...
		Diversity of the envelope glycoprotein among human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates of clade E from Asia and Africa -- McCutchan et al.
		Diversity of the envelope glycoprotein among human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates of clade E from Asia and Africa
		The genetic diversity of clade E isolates from Asia, particularly among
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/abstract/70/6/3331 (564 words)

	Development of a homology model for clade A human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 to localize temporal ...
		(A, B) The structure of clade B gp120 (1G9N) is shown as a ribbon diagram with sites differing between consensus clade B and clade A gp120 depicted in red, the truncated V1–2 and V3 loops indicated in green and the V4 and V5 loops shown in cyan.
		Perspective in (A) is with the virus membrane upper right and cell membrane lower left (CD4 is not shown), and in (B) the molecule is rotated approximately 110 ° around the vertical axis to display the CD4-binding pocket and CD4, shown as a violet tube structure.
		(C, D) Homology model of clade A HIV-1 based on the sequence of Q47S6 is shown in the same orientation as the clade B structure in (A, B).
	vir.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/85/6/1479 (2902 words)

	Chytrid Fungi Online
		Clearly this clade is in need of revision to understand generic and species delineation.
		In members of the Rhizophydium clade, a primary nucleus is unknown, vesicular discharge of zoospores has not been reported, and swimming zoospores tend to be spherical.
		Members of the Rhizophydium clade are common saprobes of pollen grain and rare on chitinous substata.
	bama.ua.edu /~nsfpeet/rhizophydium.htm (766 words)

	AVAC - Library
		Thus, testing the existence and range of this cross- clade activity is an important step for both the vaccine manufacturers and the countries for whom no other candidate vaccines are immediately available.
		A canarypox vector vaccine which incorporates genes from a clade B virus will be tested in Ugandan volunteers for cellular activity against the prevalent Ugandan strains (mostly clades A and D).
		Boosting with the Biocine clade B-based gp120 will not be used in this study as there is little expectation that this would be effective against heterologous virus.
	www.avac.org /lib/libGFBR10.htm (791 words)

	Functional specificity of Candida albicans Als3p proteins and clade specificity of ALS3 alleles discriminated by the ...
		Functional specificity of Candida albicans Als3p proteins and clade specificity of ALS3 alleles discriminated by the number of copies of the tandem repeat sequence in the central domain -- Oh et al.
		Clade SA was the only one that did not have a significant
		Pujol, C., Pfaller, M. and Soll, D. Flucytosine resistance is restricted to a single genetic clade of Candida albicans.
	mic.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/151/3/673 (5068 words)

	The Pteridophyte Clade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In the Pteridophyte clade and its sister group, the Spermatophytes, all sporangia are terminal or positions derived from a terminal position, i.e., marginal on leaves (Fig.
		The major groupings within the Pteridophyte clade are the Horsetails, a group with tremendous fossil diversity, but only one extant genus, the Whisk Ferns, a small group with only two genera that were once thought to be direct descendants of early land plants, and the Ferns, using that term in the broadest sense.
		However, in the case of the Horsetails, the fossil record suggests the Horsetail lineage is as old as the Ferns and is a distinct lineage.
	www.bio.ilstu.edu /armstrong/syllabi/222book/chapt9.htm (9122 words)

	Genetic Divergence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Ethiopian Clade C Reverse Transcriptase (RT) and Rapid ...
		For comparative purposes, the results with a wild-type clade B virus (i.e., 4746 virus) is included.
		The inter- and intraspecies diversity of RT is depicted on the
		Ethiopian clade C and clade B control viruses were selected for resistance against NVP by growing cells in the presence of increasing concentrations of drugs.
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/full/46/7/2087 (5733 words)

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