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	Clapper Rail - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris) is a member of the rail family, Rallidae.
		Despite this wide range, numbers of the Clapper Rail are now very low on the west coast, because of destruction of its coastal marshland habitat.
		The Clapper Rail is a chicken-sized bird that rarely flies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Clapper_Rail (260 words)

	[No title]
		Rails are also known to occur between Drops 3 and 4 along the All-American Canal (AAC) and in outer seep areas associated with the Coachella and East Highline Canals (Gould, 1975; Jurek, 1975; Bennett and Ohmart, 1973; Kasprzyk et al, 1987).
		The year-long residency of this population clapper rails along the lower Colorado River as well as in the Salt Creek marsh area may be at least partly due to resource.
		The overall status of the California fl rail is at present, unknown; however, it is generally believed that overall numbers of California fl rails have declined due to degradation and elimination of fresh and salt water wetland habitat (Wilbur, 1924).
	www.sci.sdsu.edu /salton/CoachellaReqAttachC.html (3620 words)

	ACE Basin Species Gallery: Clapper Rail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The clapper rail, also known as the marsh hen, is a relatively large bird (36-41 cm or 14-16 in) with long legs, large feet, and long toes.
		Clapper rail young are uniformly fl, as are the young of all rail species.
		Clapper rails are nocturnal and rather secretive; thus, they are rarely seen.
	www.csc.noaa.gov /acebasin/specgal/claprail.htm (547 words)

	Clapper Rail Species Account - Florida Breeding Bird Atlas
		The nest of the Clapper Rail is built in the higher areas of tidal salt marshes or in tall cordgrass to prevent inundation during high tides.
		The Clapper Rail is a permanent resident in Florida, although in winter, birds that breed farther north augment the population.
		The Clapper Rail is restricted to the coasts, and the accompanying range map shows that it is widespread throughout the state's tidal marshes.
	www.wildflorida.org /bba/clra.htm (482 words)

	ANIMAL BYTES - Light-footed Clapper Rail
		The light-footed clapper rail is a long-legged wading bird with large feet, a long, slightly down-curved bill and a short tail that is often cocked upwards.
		Predation on clapper rails by non-native species such as red foxes, rats, and domestic cats also poses a major threat to subpopulation numbers in some areas.
		As of 2003, more than 15 viable eggs and 60 young rails that were raised at SeaWorld and the Chula Vista Nature Center were successfully transferred into four target subpopulation areas in an effort to increase the genetic variability and numbers of light-footed clapper rails.
	www.seaworld.org /animal-info/animal-bytes/animalia/eumetazoa/coelomates/deuterostomes/chordata/craniata/aves/gruiformes/light-footed-clapper-rail.htm (406 words)

	Rallus longirostris obsoletus
		Clapper rails are larger and lack the gray cheeks which are characteristic of Virginia rails.
		Clapper rails are most active in early morning and late evening, when they forage in marsh vegetation in and along creeks and mudflat edges.
		Throughout the Bay, the remaining clapper rail population is besieged by mammal and bird predators.
	www.fws.gov /sacramento/es/animal_spp_acct/clapper_rail.htm (1158 words)

	Clapper Rail
		Clapper Rail: Large, noisy marsh bird with gray or brown upperparts, vertical white barred flanks and belly, and buff or rust-colored breast.
		Clapper Rail: Nine to twelve buff eggs spotted with brown are laid in a nest of rushes, sedges, and cord grass hidden in tall vegetation.
		Immature Clapper Rails are distinguished from Black Rails by their dark eyes, the lack of spotting on the back and the lack of barring on the flanks.
	identify.whatbird.com /obj/463/_/Clapper_Rail.aspx (690 words)

	EPA: Pesticides - Pesticide Use Limitations for Yuma County, Arizona
		The Yuma clapper rail is one of seven North American subspecies of the clapper rail, a henlike marsh bird.
		The Yuma clapper rail is a large bird, measuring 36 to 42 centimeters (14 to 16 in) in length.
		It is clear that the key to preserving the Yuma clapper rail is the maintenance of early growth stages of cattail marsh by creating shallow water areas.
	www.epa.gov /oppfead1/endanger/arizona/yuma.htm (434 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Rail (bird)
		Rail (bird), common name applied generally to members of a family of birds.
		Clapper Rail, common name for a ground-dwelling bird that lives in North American salt marshes (Rail).
		The clapper rail is found along most of the...
	encarta.msn.com /Rail_(bird).html (103 words)

	Birds of the Upper Texas Coast - Clapper Rail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Clapper Rail are common residents of the salt marshes of the UTC.
		The King Rail inhabits freshwater marshes and sometime brackish (hybrids in the brackish zone are known).
		Good places to see Clapper Rails are Anahuac NWR at end of Westline Road, Bolivar Flats at the marsh/flats boundery, and Galveston Island SP on the bay side of the park.
	www.texasbirding.net /birds/clapper.htm (211 words)

	rail on Encyclopedia.com
		Rails are cosmopolitan in distribution, except in polar regions.
		Rails, also called mud hens or marsh hens, are omnivorous, hunting their food at nightfall.
		Rails are classified in the phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrata, class Aves, order Gruiformes, family Rallidae.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/r1/rail.asp (478 words)

	California Clapper Rail Save The Bay
		The endangered California clapper rail roosts under the dense cover of tall marsh grass and forages among the vanishing tidal sloughs and mud flats of San Francisco Bay.
		Consequently, a predator’s trip from upland areas to capture a clapper rail is no longer through a soggy mile-wide marsh, but is a dry, easy stroll over a constructed levee or other developed area.
		With 85 percent of the rail's prime habitat lost since 1850, recent increases in its population indicate a turn in the 150-year tide of habitat degradation.
	www.savesfbay.org /educationprograms/aboutbayed/crail.cfm (410 words)

	Clapper Rail -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris) is a member of the rail family, (Rails; crakes; gallinules; coots) Rallidae.
		The twig nest is placed low in (A tropical tree or shrub bearing fruit that germinates while still on the tree and having numerous prop roots that eventually form an impenetrable mass and are important in land building) mangroveroots, and 3-7 purple-spotted buff eggs are laid.
		Some researchers believe that this bird and the similar (additional info and facts about King Rail) King Rail are a single species; the two birds are known to interbreed.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/cl/clapper_rail.htm (257 words)

	Clapper Rail
		The "Clapper rail" is a common member of the rail family (Rallidae) living in salt marshes along the US Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts from Massachusettes to Texas and, on the Pacific coast, from Central California to Northern Mexico.
		Its bill is long and slender and people distinguish the Clapper Rail by their dark (not red) eyes.
		Rails feed on invertebrates in the mud of the channels during lower tides.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/birding/54229 (493 words)

	Nearctica - Natural History - Birds of Eastern North America - Rallidae - King Rail (Rallus elegans)
		In addition the side of the face of the Virginia Rail is suffused with gray, but the gray of the King Rail is limited to a diffuse band over the eye.
		During the breeding season the Clapper Rail is found almost exclusively in salt marshes.
		Notes: The King Rail and Clapper Rail are best separated by their choice of habitat during the breeding season: Freshwater marshes for the King Rail and salt marshes for the Clapper Rail.
	www.nearctica.com /birds/cranes/Releg.htm (382 words)

	Clapper Rail--BIOLOGICAL AND ECOTOXICOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATE SPECIES RESIDING IN ESTUARIES
		The breeding range of the clapper rail on the east coast extends from New Hampshire south to the Florida Keys and Carribean Islands, and along the Gulf Coast to Texas.
		The clapper rail forages mainly by shallow probing of sediment or surface gleaning.
		Clapper rails (CLRA’s) were collected from several estuaries in South Carolina between 1969 and 1971, after aerial application of mirex for fire ant control (Borthwick et al., 1973).
	www.pwrc.usgs.gov /resshow/rattner/bioeco/clapper.htm (1594 words)

	Nest characteristics of the Clapper Rail in coastal Georgia
		We documented Clapper Rail nest characteristics and surrounding habitats near Brunswick on the Georgia coast.
		Clapper Rails also tended to nest near tidal pools as frequently as tidal creeks, contrasting with other Atlantic coast studies.
		Nest characteristics of the clapper rail in coastal Georgia.
	www.uga.edu /srel/Reprint/2668.htm (222 words)

	BISON Species Account 041566 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		ARIZONA 1994: Yuma clapper rails nest in freshwater wetlands along the lower Colorado River from Needles, California, to the mouth of the river, on the lower Gila River, in marshes associated with the Salton Sea, and at isolated sites in Arizona (Todd 1986) (Tacha and Braun, 1994) 09.
		Yuma clapper rails (R.l.yumanensis) occur in cattail and bulrush marshes (AGFD, 1996)03.
		ARIZONA 1994: The gross trend for Yuma clapper rails based on the annual tape-playback survey was stable to slightly increasing between the late 1970's and 1983 (Powell 1990).
	www.fw.vt.edu /fishex/nmex_main/species/041566.htm (768 words)

	Birder's World - Paradox Rail - Charles Bergman
		Clapper Rails are seashore birds on both coasts.
		Rails are among the most prized birds for birders, precisely because they are so hard to find.
		The Yuma Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris yumanensis), a resident of the lower Colorado River, the Colorado River delta, and the west coast of Mexico, is in the obsoletus group, as is the Light-footed Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris levipes) of Santa Barbara and the California Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris obsoletus) of the San Francisco Bay area.
	www.birdersworld.com /brd/default.aspx?c=a&id=302 (2563 words)

	B-Mail(sm): ID-FRONTIERS for April 1-9, 2005
		Clapper rails up north are considerably duller than this bird, but my memory of King Rail (I haven't seen one in a long time) is that they are brighter than this bird.
		Clapper Rails do occasionally occur inland in the East, at least they have been picked up at tower kills, so at least some migrate OVER inland parts, whether they land in a marsh or not.
		Clapper rails up north are considerably > duller than this bird, but my memory of King Rail (I haven't seen one in > a long time) is that they are brighter than this bird.
	www.virtualbirder.com /bmail/idfrontiers/200504/w1 (5209 words)

	CT DEP: King Rail Fact Sheet
		Identification: The king rail is the largest North American rail, with an appearance similar to that of the more common clapper rail, whose habitat is generally restricted to saltwater marshes.
		The first nesting by king rails in the state was reported in the early 1840s along the coast.
		The call of the king rail is often likened to the sound of a rider or teamster clucking to horses.
	dep.state.ct.us /burnatr/wildlife/factshts/krail.htm (556 words)

	Metroactive Animals \| The Clapper Rail
		The clapper rail population is up to about 1,000, and the acquisition of 1,600 more acres of habitat on Bair Island in Redwood City should give it another boost.
		Two clapper rail were found killed and buried by a red fox, which also raids rail nests.
		One rail was killed by a feral cat; another became entangled in an old balloon and ribbon and drowned when the tide came in.
	www.metroactive.com /papers/metro/05.01.97/cover/clapper-rail-9718.html (547 words)

	The Clapper Rail, or Salt-Water Marsh-hen
		Their courage is now and then brought to the test by the sudden approach of some of their winged enemies, such as a Hawk or an Owl, especially the Marsh Hawk, which is often attacked by them while sailing low over the grass in which they are commonly concealed.
		On such occasions, the Rail rises a few yards in the air, strikes at the marauder with bill and claws, screaming aloud all the while, and dives again among the grass, to the astonishment of the bird of prey, which usually moves off at full speed.
		In these respects, the sternal apparatus agrees with that of the Gallinules and Coots, and presents a strong affinity to that of the Scolopaceous Courlan, in which the body of the sternum, though much broader, is of the same form, and the crest perfectly similar.
	www.audubon.org /bird/BoA/F33_G4b.html (2722 words)

	MIGRATORY MOVEMENTS OF THE NORTHERN CLAPPER RAIL
		Sprunt and Chamberlain (1949) report that the earliest record of the Northern Clapper Rail in South Carolina was a specimen collected on Bull's I. sland, September 9, 1943, while in New Jersey (Stone, 1937), migrants have been recorded as early as August 28.
		SUMMARY A total of 1028 Clapper Rails of various ages were banded in Accomac and Northampton Counties, Virginia in late summer from 1933 to 1952.
		To this end, a total of 1028 Clapper Rails of various ages were banded on the "Eastern Shore" of Virginia (Accomac and Northampton Counties) during the late summer (July 3 to August 31) from 1933 to 1952.
	elibrary.unm.edu /sora/JFO/v025n01/p0001-p0005.html (2568 words)

	Clapper Rail [Râle gris] specimen from Miscou Island (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Clapper Rail [Râle gris] specimen from Miscou Island, New Brunswick - December 26, 1997
		This Clapper Rail was picked up alive but unable to fly as it wandered about a lawn at a home near Lac Frye on Miscou Island, Gloucester Co., NB on December 26th, 1997.
		This represents about the fifth record of Clapper Rail for the province, the others having come from Grand Manan Island (specimen on Jan.21/52, sight record on June 13/92), Kent Island (sight record on April 1/53) and Waterside Marsh (specimen on Oct.4/54).
	personal.nbnet.nb.ca /tingley/Clapper.html (188 words)

	Georgia Wildlife Web Site; birds: Rallus longirostris (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The two species most similar to the Clapper Rail are the King Rail and the Virginia Rail.
		Slightly larger than the Clapper Rail, the King Rail is 38 cm (15 in) in length, and it has buffy edges on its back feathers, giving the bird a lighter appearance.
		Much smaller than the Clapper Rail, the Virginia Rail is only 24 cm (9.5 in) in length; the sides of its face are gray, and its bill and legs are reddish.
	museum.nhm.uga.edu /gawildlife/birds/gruiformes/rlongirostris.html (408 words)

	IFWIS - King rail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Though primarily a bird of freshwater marshes the king rail probably occurs in a wider variety of habitats than any other rail 04,09, this species may be found in marshes, shrub swamps, ponds, stream side, roadside ditches, mudflats or upland fields 04.
		The king rail is restricted to the humid freshwater region of the eastern U.S. The Mississippi River Valley is recognized as 1 of 2 important flyways for this species 04,09.
		Population parameters: Because the king rail and its broods are inconspicuous, population parameters are difficult to obtain and virtually unknown.
	www.inhs.uiuc.edu /chf/pub/ifwis/birds/king-rail.html (1570 words)

	Untitled
		Rail populations declined so significantly that the federal government listed the California Clapper Rail as endangered in 1970.
		Most predation of clapper rails takes place during higher tides, when the tidal channels are filled with water and most marsh vegetation is flooded.
		Low marsh areas with sparse vegetation and tidal sloughs are used by rails for foraging.
	www.suite101.com /print_article.cfm/1725/54229 (519 words)

	Clapper Rail bathing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Image # 11855: Clapper Rail - 6/6/04 - Nikkor VR 80-400mm lens with a Nikon D100.
		Image # 11856: Clapper Rail - 6/6/04 - Nikkor VR 80-400mm lens with a Nikon D100.
		Image # 11859: Clapper Rail - 6/6/04 - Nikkor VR 80-400mm lens with a Nikon D100.
	www.1000birds.com /gallery_Clapper-Rail-bathing.htm (109 words)

	Clapper Rail
		The clapper rail is sometimes called the "marsh hen" of the salt marsh.
		It uses its strong legs, and long bill to catch fiddler crabs, snails, and insects along the shoreline and among the marsh cordgrass.
		Clapper Rails are primarily a summer resident of the marsh, although some may arrive in the spring and stay until the fall.
	www.newpointcomfort.com /nature/birds/clap_rail.html (68 words)

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