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Topic: Clapper bridge

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	Bridge - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Since most early bridges of this type were constructed largely of wood, it is typical that they are either formed from treated wood (typically using creosote) or are protected with a roof and enclosed in building-like siding, forming a covered bridge.
		These rope bridges must of course be periodically renewed owing to the limited lifetime of the materials, and rope components are made and contributed by families as contributions to a community endevor.
		A bridge type combining elements of a suspended-deck suspension bridge and a cable stayed bridge has been proposed as a replacement for the eastern span of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge and would be the largest bridge this type constructed.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Bridge (4047 words)

	Bridges - Postbridge, Dartmoor - Darrell Goss - World Wide Panorama
		Postbridge's clapper bridge is the finest example of a clapper bridge in the United Kingdom.
		The clapper bridge straddles the East Dart River, just twenty meters from the main road bridge (built in the 1780's), and is clearly visible as you drive through the village.
		There are 30 bridges in total on Dartmoor, being constructed in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries by medieval tin workers and farmers as crossings ovver the many small rivers that traverse the moorland.
	geoimages.berkeley.edu /wwp904/html/DarrellGoss.html (149 words)

	CONK! Encyclopedia: Bridges (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		For example, it may be a bridge carrying a highway and forbidden for pedestrians and bicycles, or a pedestrian bridge, possibly also for bicycles.
		Bridges may be classified by how the four forces of tension, compression, bending and shear are distributed through their structure.
		Bridges can also be classified by their lineage, which is shown as the vertical axis on the diagram to the right.
	www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=Bridges (1228 words)

	Learn more about Bridge in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In the latter case there may be restrictions in use; for example, it may be a bridge carrying a highway and forbidden for pedestrians and bicycles, or a pedestrian bridge, possibly also for bicycles.
		In song writing a bridge is a part of a song that connects two parts of that song, building a harmonic connection between those parts.
		A bridge is an electronic device used to connect two segments of a computer network (combining two networks) or of a telephone network (to support multi-party conference call on telephone).
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /b/br/bridge.html (781 words)

	bridge (engineering)
		The Lanchid Bridge in Budapest, Hungary, illuminated at dusk and casting reflections in the River Danube.
		The appearance and construction of a bridge reflects the technology and tastes of the era in which it was built; for example, the simple, stocky Pont Neuf constructed over the River Seine in Paris in the 16th century contrasts sharply with the ornate neo-Gothic style of Tower Bridge, built in London in 1894.
		Clapper bridges, made from flat stones simply laid across or supported by piles of stones, were some of the earliest bridges.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0015582.html (864 words)

	Arch bridge - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An arch bridge is a bridge with abutments at each end shaped as a curved arch.
		Masonry arch bridges use a quantity of fill (typically loose rubble) above the arch in order to increase this dead-weight on the bridge and prevent tension from occuring in the arch ring as loads move across the bridge.
		A modern evolution of the arch bridge is the compression arch suspended-deck bridge.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Arch_bridge (796 words)

	ipedia.com: Bridge Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Owing to practical limitation in the grade of the bridge deck this type is quite restricted in its load carrying capacity relative to its span.
		This kind of bridge is particularly pleasing to the visual senses, with the most beautiful of the type being generally acknowleged as the Golden Gate Bridge at the entrance to San Francisco Bay.
		This type of bridge is typically used for temporary military use, but a number of permanent bridges of this type have been built in the state of Washington, USA.
	www.ipedia.com /bridge.html (2613 words)

	dnp/news/nr200999.htm
		In 1826 this bridge, referred to by William Crossing as the Teign Clapper, was swept away by a great flood and the Teign-e-ver clapper bridge was built some 50 metres downstream to replace it.
		The original Teign clapper was on a direct line with the clapper bridge over the Wallabrook and its abutments could still be seen on both banks of the river.
		Teign clapper (SX 653 870) spans the North Teign river near Batworthy Corner in the Parish of Gidleigh.
	www.dartmoor-npa.gov.uk /dnp/news/nr200999.html (457 words)

	History of Bridges (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Basic bridge designs are developed from natural bridges --- a tree trunk that has fallen across a stream, vines hanging over a river, or stones that make a stepping-stone path across a shallow stream.
		This type of bridge is called a “clapper bridge.” It is one of the earliest bridge constructions.
		This was the Iron Bridge at Coalbrookdale in England.
	www.cougar.issaquah.wednet.edu /teachers/jonesp/HistoryBridges.htm (1037 words)

	Bridge -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The (An unabridged dictionary constructed on historical principles) Oxford English Dictionary traces the origin of the word bridge to an (The extinct Germanic language of medieval Scandinavia and Iceland from about to 700 to 1350) Old Norse word brygga, meaning "landing stage, gangway, or movable pier"..
		For example, it may be a bridge carrying a (A major road for any form of motor transport) highway and forbidden for (A person who travels by foot) pedestrians and (A wheeled vehicle that has two wheels and is moved by foot pedals) bicycles, or a pedestrian bridge, possibly also for bicycles
		An (A conduit that resembles a bridge but carries water over a valley) aqueduct is a bridge that carries water, resembling a viaduct.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/br/bridge.htm (1393 words)

	Florilegium urbanum - Bridges (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The clapper bridge above represents a late (13th or 14th century) example of a narrow bridge, built in part to facilitate the transportation of tin from Dartmoor mines to Tavistock.
		Although much in the style of medieval bridges, this was built in 1745, near the remains of the wooden bridge that featured in the famous battle of 1297.
		On wide and flat flood plains a river might be very wide, or divided into several branches, necessitating long bridges, or multiple stretches of bridge connected by causeways, their route dictated in part by the location of solid river-bed or island between the branches, capable of bearing supporting piers.
	www.trytel.com /~tristan/towns/florilegium/popfabr05.html (372 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Unfortunately, these early types of bridges can only be used across short spans as they are heavy and brittle and so they snap easily because of the tensile stress which acts underneath the span.
		Almost all bridges constructed in the 20th century are constructed from steel or concrete, or a mixture of both materials.
		The Westgate bridge in Melbourne is a modern example of the use of pre-stressed, post-stressed box girder beams.
	www.glendale-h.schools.nsw.edu.au /faculty_pages/ind_arts_web/bridgeweb/bridge_history_timeline.htm (868 words)

	The world's top Bridge websites
		The use of emplaced logs is now sometimes used in temporary bridges used for logging roads, where a forrest tract is to be harvested and the road abandoned.
		In such bridges, the roadbed of the bridge may follow the downward and upward arc of the load bearing cables, with additional light ropes at a higher level used to form handholds.
		Bridges are usually composed of pairs of towers, but the method is not restricted to this form.
	dirs.org /cgi.cfm/Top/Games/Card_Games/Trick_Capturing/Bridge (2015 words)

	01.05.02: Bridging the Math Gap
		My unit of the Bridge Seminar is the relationship between what is taught in math on the middle grade level, and the possibilities of the applications.
		Bridges are based on one or more of three basic structures that are derived from forms found in nature: beam from a log fallen across a stream, the arch from natural rock formations, and suspension from vines.1 Underneath all concrete and steel that bridges are made of today, the same basic ideas still apply.
		In a bridge stress is also caused by the pull of gravity; the amount of stress is determined by the weight of the bridge plus its load.
	www.yale.edu /ynhti/curriculum/units/2001/5/01.05.02.x.html (5283 words)

	History of Bridges (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The first American bridges appeared when logs were put on the ground, either by accident, or placed there on purpose.
		This design was not much different than the clapper bridges used today, other than the fact that it was of greater stability and allowed much heavier loads to be transported across.
		Early pioneers found this bridge so unreliable that sometimes they would travel miles out of their way just to get around a river, or find a safe bridge crossing.
	www.bergen.org /AAST/Projects/Engineering_Graphics/2003/WP_Nadia/history.html (523 words)

	Types (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Some of these simple stone bridges, called clapper bridges, are still used in England.
		Unfortunately, these early types of bridges can only be used across short spans due to the fact that they are heavy as well as brittle.
		Using this bridge building technology allowed the Romans to develop a huge road network across Europe and England which allowed swift passage for troops, trade and communications to travel throughout their empire.
	bergen.org /AAST/Projects/Engineering_Graphics/2004/Bridge/history.html (819 words)

	Photographs of bridges from around the world
		Yet before modern methods of transport were introduced, when the only means of getting around was on foot or by horse, the building of a bridge could save many hours and make previously inaccessible places viable.
		Bridges built from stone are perhaps the most durable, covered wooden bridges amongst the most attractive.
		Bridges old and new, picturesque or stark, in use or dilapidated - their style varies from region to region.
	www.odd-stuff.info /gallery/bridges/menubridges.htm (177 words)

	Wycoller Village, Country Park and Wycoller Hall - Lancashire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Clapper Bridge is close to the ruins of Wycoller Hall and probably dates from the late 18th or early 19th century.
		Grooves in the bridge from the weavers' clogs were allegedly chiselled flat by a farmer whose daughter was fatally injured on the bridge.
		In 1989 and again in 1990 the bridge was swept away and cracked in two.
	www.beautifulbritain.co.uk /wycoller.htm (561 words)

	Bridge - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The purpose of a bridge is to allow passage of people, vehicles, trains or ships
		San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge - especially for seismic retrofit and eastern span replacement
		The story starts out simply enough: Jess Aarons wants to be the fastest boy in the fifth grade--he wants it so bad he can taste it.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /bridge.htm (620 words)

	BTCV Handbooks Online
		These are low bridges without handrails, suitable for situations where there is no risk to safety.
		Stone clapper bridges are an ancient type of bridge, which can only be constructed where large enough slabs are obtainable nearby or can be brought to the site.
		A modern equivalent which retains something of the style of a clapper bridge can be built with railway sleepers fixed to mortared piers.
	handbooks.btcv.org.uk /handbooks/content/section/2344 (317 words)

	Old Hampshire Gazetteer, Pophole Mill Footbridge, Bramshott and Liphook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This is a clapper bridge with slabs of sandstone across the stream, with a central stone pier.
		The bridge was also thte sluice for the mill pond, and the slots for the sluice hatches or paddles, and rope marks, can be seen in the slabs.
		The mill was an iron mill established by the Montagues of Cowdray, 1573; probably having furnace, forge, and water powered hammers; it remained in use to the 1730s.
	www.envf.port.ac.uk /hantsgaz/hantsgaz/s0005391.htm (109 words)

	Starkey's Cross (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This little clapper bridge was restored in 1990 and was subsequently named after the late F.H. (Harry) Starkey who, with a friend, discovered the impost lying downstream in the bed of the river.
		The bridge consists of 2 imposts laid side by side.
		No-one seemed to know of the existence of this bridge until Harry Starkey found it and we are indebted to him for the restoration of another small piece of Dartmoor’s history.
	www.dartmoor-crosses.org.uk /starkey's.htm (368 words)

	Derbyshire_Lathkill_Dale
		Here there is a ford and a clapper bridge, but do not cross, you must continue on this side of the river.
		Pass through a series of gates and squeezers to arrive, past a stable, at a bridge with seat and phonebox in the village of Alport.
		At the bottom of the lane cross a stone clapper bridge, go through the gate and turn right.
	www.users.globalnet.co.uk /~prlf/dlathkil.htm (873 words)

	dartmoor crossing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Dartmoor Crossing is filled with prehistoric remains: stone rows and circles; burial mounds; hut circles and field boundaries; clapper bridges, milestones.
		For 5000 years people have made their lives on Dartmoor and when walking either route we cannot help but be reminded of them [i]The abundance of old tracks criss-crossing the moor show us the uses people made of the area: drovers, monks, jobbers, tinners, mariners, quarrymen, kings.
		This clapper bridge was used until 1809 when the new bridge was built to allow heavier traffic to cross the river, the clapper bridge has now no central part.
	www.celticway.org /dartmoorcrossing.htm (6391 words)

	BeenThere-DoneThat: The Exmoor area, Somerset.
		Tarr Steps, the ancient clapper bridge, is no more than two miles from here.
		There is a large car park a short walk from the bridge and also some parking space for the disabled by the bridge.
		The name "Clapper Bridge" comes from the latin "claperius" which means "pile of stones".
	www.beenthere-donethat.org.uk /exmoor.html (279 words)

	Malcolm Bull's Calderdale Companion: Foldout (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The earliest were clapper bridges, but arched bridges appeared from around 1550.
		Because of the condition of roads and bridges, many 16th century wills included provision for the provision and repair of the highways and bridges.
		The first railway bridge was the Tanfield Arch which was built in 1727 by Ralph Wood over a colliery railway at Cawsey Dell.
	members.aol.com /calderdale/mmb173.html (109 words)

	Clapper bridge - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A clapper bridge is an ancient form of bridge found on the moors of Devon (Dartmoor and Exmoor) and in other upland areas of the United Kingdom including Snowdonia and Anglesey.
		Small clapper bridge over River Cadnant, Menai Bridge, Anglesey (the hand-rail is a modern addition)
		This page was last modified 03:36, 22 September 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Clapper_bridge (275 words)

	bridgehistorysheet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Name the three basic bridge types and describe each with a complete sentence.
		Early bridges in Asia were long-span bridges that crossed over wide rivers.
		From the eleven different truss bridge designs in your handout, which one appears to be the strongest and why?
	www.gwinnett.k12.ga.us /HarbinsES/Classes/burger/brhistory.htm (162 words)

	Detail of surroundings
		This point is almost directly opposite the pier where you may board for trips down the fjord.
		The road follows the edge of the fjord swinging round to a north easterlt direction until you reach Aasleagh Bridge where there is a dramatic waterfall, particularly after a prolonged wet period.
		The road turns south at the bridge and shortly joins the N59 from Westport.
	www.kinknock.com /detail.htm (1854 words)

	[No title]
		In William Crossings' Guide to Dartmoor, published in 1909, the author refers to a clapper bridge spanning the Blackabrook, near Fice's Well, about a mile north of Princetown.
		The five stones forming the central pier and two clappers were lifted from the bed of the river and replaced in situ.
		The Bridge can be seen from the public footpath which leads from the B3357 to Fice's Well.
	www.dartmoor-npa.gov.uk /dnp/news/nr240700.html (403 words)

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