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Topic: Clarence Melvin Zener

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	Chapter3
		In 1961 Clarence M. Zener, Director of Science at Westinghouse, published the first of several papers (1) on a new optimization technique he had discovered while working on the optimal design of transformers.
		A professor of mathematics at Carnegie Mellon University, Richard Duffin, began collaborating with Zener to extend the procedure.
		On seeing Zener's work, they were able to obtain the same results from the classical theory of maxima and minima and extend this to polynomials.
	www.mpri.lsu.edu /textbook/Chapter3.htm (508 words)

	Zener diode - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		However, the current is not unlimited, so the Zener diode is typically used to generate a reference voltage for an amplifier stage, or as a voltage stabilizer for low-current applications.
		When connected in parallel with a variable voltage source so that it is reverse biased, a zener diode acts as a short circuit when the voltage reaches the diode's reverse breakdown voltage, and therefore limits the voltage to a known value.
		A zener diode used in this way is known as a shunt voltage regulator (shunt meaning connected in parallel, and voltage regulator being a class of circuit that produces a fixed voltage).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/ZD (565 words)

	Clarence Zener
		Clarence Melvin Zener (December 1, 1905 - July 15, 1993) was an American physicist who described to the electrical property exploited by the Zener diode, which Bell Labs named after him.
		Zener was a theoretical physicist with a background in mathematics who also wrote on a range of subjects including superconductivity, metallurgy, and geometric programming.
		Zener was born in Indianapolis, Indiana and earned his PhD in physics from Harvard in 1930 with the thesis "Quantum Mechanics of the Formation of Certain Types of Diatomic Molecules".
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/clarence_zener (202 words)

	Zener diode -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A Zener diode contains a heavily doped p-n junction allowing (An elementary particle with negative charge) electrons to tunnel from the valence band of the p-type material to the conduction band of the n-type material.
		However, the current is not unlimited, so the Zener diode is typically used to generate a reference voltage for an amplifier stage.
		Another mechanism that produces a similar effect is the avalanche effect as in the (additional info and facts about avalanche diode) avalanche diode.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/z/ze/zener_diode.htm (411 words)

	Usenet Archive (Site not responding. Last check: )
		With a zener diode (as opposed to a conventional diode) as the reverse voltage is increased the leakage current remains essentially constant until the breakdown voltage is reached where the current increases dramatically.
		This breakdown voltage is the zener voltage for zener diodes.
		Clarence Melvin Zener was an American mathematician and theoretical physicist who figured out that it would be possible to manufacture a diode that would break down at a desired reverse voltage and not be damaged.
	www.all-usenet-archive.com /File.asp?service=30904 (10285 words)

	Diode
		Zener diodes (pronounced zEn@r): diodes that can be made to conduct backwards.
		This effect, called Zener Breakdown, occurs at a precisely defined voltage, allowing the diode to be used as a precision voltage reference.
		This occurs when the reverse electric field across the p-n junction causes a wave of ionization, reminiscent of an avalanche, leading to a large current.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/d/di/diode.html (2160 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		For special purpose diodes like the avalanche or zener diodes, the concept of PIV is not applicable since they have a deliberate breakdown beyond a known reverse current such that the reverse voltage is "clamped" to a known value (called zener voltage).
		Zener diodes (pronounced) : diodes that can be made to conduct backwards.
		In practical voltage reference circuits Zener and switching diodes are connected in series and opposite directions to balance the temperature coefficient to near zero.
	www.everybase.com /Diode (2849 words)

	Clarence (Melvin) Zener
		He made seminal contributions to studies of superconductivity, metallurgy (1935—50), wave function, and the uses of oceanic thermoclines as sources of electrical power (1973).
		Zener was born in Indianapolis, Indiana and earned his PhD in physics from Harvard in 1930 with the thesis Quantum Mechanics of the Formation of Certain Types of Diatomic Molecules.
		Clarence (Seward) Darrow - Upbringing, From corporate lawyer to labor lawyer, From labor lawyer to criminal lawyer, Leopold and Loeb [next] [back] Clarence (Leonard) Johnson - Aircraft contributions, Further reading
	encyclopedia.stateuniversity.com /pages/4604/Clarence-Melvin-Zener.html (256 words)

	iqexpand.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Zener Diode Refer to the characteristic curve of a typical rectifier(diode) in the figure below.
		The zener diode uses a p-n junction in reverse bias to make use of the zener effect, which is a breakdown phenomenon which holds the voltage close to a constant value called the zener voltage.
		Zener Diode Next: Light-Emitting Diodes Up: The PN Junction and Previous: The PN Diode as The Zener Diode There are several other types of diodes beside the junction diode.
	zener_diode.iqexpand.com (687 words)

	Diode
		Zener diodes (pronounced zEn@r): diodes that can be made to conduct backwards.
		This effect, called Zener Breakdown, occurs at a precisely defined voltage, allowing the diode to be used as a precision voltage reference.
		These are electrically very similar to Zener diodes, and are often mistakenly called Zener diodes, but break down by a different mechanism, the Avalanche Effect.
	www.askfactmaster.com /Diode (2163 words)

	Diode (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Two (equivalent) Zeners in series and in reverse order, in the same package, constitute a Transorb, a registered trademark.
		Zener diodes are also used in stepper motor s and relay circuits to de-energize coils rapidly without the damaging voltage spikes that would otherwise occur.
		Practical potential-reference circuits feature Zener and switching diodes connected in series and opposite directions to balance the temperature coefficient to near zero.
	www.vvvvitamins.com /article-Diode.html (2227 words)

	Diode
		Germanium and Schottky diodes are also fast like this, as are bipolar transistors 'degenerated' to act as diodes.
		Power supply diodes are made with the expectation of working at a maximum of 2.5 x 400 Hz (sometimes called 'French power' by Americans), and so are not useful above a kilohertz.\n* Zener diodes (pronounced zEn@r): diodes that can be made to conduct backwards.
		They are named for Dr. Clarence Melvin Zener of Southern Illinois University, inventor of the device.\n* Avalanche diodes: diodes that conduct in the reverse direction when the reverse bias voltage exceeds the breakdown voltage.
	encyclopedia.codeboy.net /wikipedia/d/di/diode.html (2033 words)

	::: Online Electronics Course - Diodes :::
		If a voltage is applied which reverse biases the junction, the depletion layer will widen until a point is reached where the voltage exceeds the 'breakdown voltage' of the diode and large currents flow; destroying the device.
		Zeners are available in a variety of ratings, the most economical being a one watt version.
		A Zener diode is used on the Simplified I/O Interface to prevent any unwanted reverse voltages from damaging the ULN2803 IC.
	www.teachers.ash.org.au /jfuller/test2/diodesB.htm (1196 words)

	dode information,diode (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Zener dodes (pronounced zEn@r): dodes that can be made to conduct backwards.
		Two (equivalent) Zeners in series and in reverseorder, in the same package, constitute a transient absorber (or Transorb, a registered trademark).
		They are named for Dr. Clarence Melvin Zener of Southern IllinoisUniversity, inventor of the device.
	www.vsearchmedia.com /dode.html (2063 words)

	Clarence Melvin Zener \| English \| Dictionary & Translation by Babylon
		(1905-1993) USA physicist, namesake of the zener diode
		Clarence Melvin Zener (December 1, 1905 - July 15, 1993) was the American physicist who first described the electrical property exploited by the Zener diode, which Bell Labs then named after him.
		Zener was a theoretical physicist with a background in mathematics who also wrote on a range of subjects including superconductivity, metallurgy, and geometric programming.
	www.babylon.com /definition/Clarence_Melvin_Zener (82 words)

	Zener diode - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Zener diode (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Zener diode - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Zener diode.
		Here you will find more informations about Zener diode.
		The orginal Zener diode article can be editet
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Zener-diode.html (463 words)

	dioe information,diode
		Zener dioes (pronounced zEn@r): dioes that can be made to conduct backwards.
		These are electrically very similar to Zenerdioes, and are often mistakenly called Zener dioes, but break down by a different mechanism, the Avalanche Effect.
		Thedifference between the avalanche dioe (which has a reverse breakdown above about 6.2 V) and the Zener is that the channel lengthof the former exceeds the 'mean free path' of the electrons, so there are collisions between them on the way out.
	www.vsearchmedia.com /dioe.html (2063 words)

	zener - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Zener : Computer Telephony & Electronics Dictionary and Glossary [home, info]
		Phrases that include zener: zener diode, zener cards, clarence m.
		zener, clarence m zener, clarence melvin zener, more...
	www.onelook.com /?w=zener (100 words)

	MONSTER ISP Forums - Reply to Topic (Site not responding. Last check: )
		[QUOTE=William Warren]See [url]http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/zener%20diode[/url] "The effect was discovered by the American physicist Clarence Melvin Zener (December 1, 1905 - July 15, 1993).
		Zener was an American physicist who described the electrical property exploited by the Zener diode, which Bell Labs named after him.
		" Zener diodes have a precisely designed "breakdown" voltage, at which point they conduct "backwards".
	www.monster-isp.com /forums/newreply.php?do=newreply&p=21524 (276 words)

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