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	Class consciousness - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Class consciousness is a category of Marxist theory, referring to the self-awareness of a social class, its capacity to act in its own rational interests, or measuring the extent to which an individual is conscious of the historical tasks their class (or class allegiance) sets for them.
		The possibility of class consciousness is given by the objective process of history, which transforms the proletariat into a commodity, hence objectifying it.
		Class consciousness is thus not a simple subjective act: "as consciousness here is not the consciousness of an object opposed to itself, but the object's consciousness, the act of being conscious of oneself disrupts the objectivity form of its object" (in "Reification and the Proletariat's Consciousness" §3, III "The proletariat's point of view").
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Class_consciousness (1364 words)

	Georg Lukacs History & Class Consciousness (1920) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		By relating consciousness to the whole of society it becomes possible to infer the thoughts and feelings which men would have in a particular situation if they were able to assess both it and the interests arising from it in their impact on immediate action and on the whole structure of society.
		Thus it is highly characteristic of both Anarchism and the ‘class consciousness of the peasantry that a number of counter-revolutionary rebellions and uprisings of the middle and upper strata of the peasantry in Russia should have found the anarchist view of society to be a satisfying ideology.
		And as class consciousness was defined in terms of the problems of imputing class interests the failure of their class consciousness to develop in the immediately given historical reality becomes comprehensible philosophically.
	www.sozialistische-klassiker.org /lukacs/lukacse02.html (13830 words)

	DIALECTICAL MARXISM: The Writings of Bertell Ollman
		Class consciousness is also different from individual consciousness, as we said, by having its main point of reference in the situation of the class and not in the already recognized interests of individuals.
		In the case of class consciousness, the relation of its main subjective aspect, which is the actual consciousness of the group, to its main objective aspect, which is the consciousness appropriate to the place and function of the class in capitalist society, is a relation of the one developing toward the other.
		Class struggle, as I said earlier, is the law of motion of classes, bringing under one rubric the contradictory forces that underlie class interaction as the summary objective expression of class consciousness.
	www.nyu.edu /projects/ollman/docs/class_consciousness.php (11215 words)

	[No title]
		"Class consciousness," according to an oft-cited definition by the English Marxist historian E.P. Thompson, "happens when some men, as a result of common experiences (inherited or shared) feel and articulate the identity of their interests as between themselves, and as against other men whose interests are different from (and usually opposed to) theirs.
		The class experience is largely determined by the productive relations into which men are born or enter voluntarily.2 Regardless of how class consciousness is defined, most historians of the labor movement in the United States, Marxists and non-Marxists alike, agree that American workers never developed it.
		In a rare reference to class consciousness, the narrator notes that he'll remember being poor and "being mad" at the rich, and acknowledges that once he is rich, "Then I'll be talked about by you." Jerry Reed's 1980 cover of a Jim Croce song, "Working at the Car Wash Blues," develops the same theme.
	www.mtsu.edu /~baustin/COURSES/SOC417/classcon.htm (4239 words)

	New class, new consciousness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The stages of consciousness are social awareness, social consciousness and class consciousness.
		For consciousness to go from social awareness to social consciousness and from social consciousness to class consciousness, new ideas have to be introduced.
		At the beginning of this stage of social consciousness, the class is very scattered, but as its consciousness develops, the new class begins to coalesce and flex its muscle as a class.
	www.lrna.org /doc.4/newclass.html (3368 words)

	Toward Class Consciousness Next Time:Marx and the Working Class by Bertell Ollman
		Though obviously components of class consciousness, resenting the boss and the insight that he is taking unfair advantage are not by themselves sufficiently important to justify the use of this concept.
		Class consciousness, as I have explained it, has more in common with Lenin's notion of socialist consciousness, and Lenin, on one occasion, even speaks of "genuine class consciousness" with this advanced state of understanding in mind.
		Class consciousness is the result of such purposive activity with the self as object, of workers using their reasoning powers on themselves and their life conditions.
	www.pipeline.com /~rougeforum/towardclassconsciousness.htm (10006 words)

	Class Consciousness by Georg Lukacs 1920 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This consciousness is, therefore, neither the sum nor the average of what is thought or felt by the single individuals who make up the class.
		For because of its situation this contradiction is introduced directly into the consciousness of the proletariat, whereas the bourgeoisie, from its situation, saw the contradictions confronting it as the outer limits of its consciousness.
		that is to say, the class struggle must be raised from the level of economic necessity to the level of conscious aim and effective class consciousness.
	www.marxists.org /archive/lukacs/works/history/lukacs3.htm (13945 words)

	Ruling class - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term ruling class refers to the social class of a given society that decides upon and sets that society's political policy.
		The ruling class is a particular sector of the upper class that adheres to quite specific circumstances: it has both the most material wealth and the most widespread influence over all the other classes, and it chooses to actively exercise that power to shape the direction of a locality, a country, and/or the world.
		Under capitalism, the ruling class -- the capitalists or bourgeoisie -- consists of those who own and control the means of production and thus are able to dominate and exploit the working class, getting them to labor enough to produce surplus-value, the basis for profits, interest, and rent (property income).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ruling_class (382 words)

	[No title]
		Generally, Marxists insist that class consciousness is composed of two elements, a recognition by a particular group that they occupy a common, usually inferior, position within a society, and a commitment to changing that position through some type of political activity.
		Regardless of how class consciousness is defined, most historians of the labor movement in the United States, Marxists and non-Marxists alike, agree that American workers never developed it.
		Despite the frequent references in country music lyrics to the working class status of its writers and performers, and of the music's audience, country music is devoid of practically any hint of class consciousness.
	www.mtsu.edu /~baustin/class.htm (4971 words)

	Marx - Class Theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Class interests and the confrontations of power that they bring in their wake are to Marx the central determinant of social and historical process.
		Class interests are fundamentally different from, and cannot be derived from, the individual interests imputed by the utilitarian school and classical British political economy.
		Yet self-conscious classes, as distinct from aggregates of people sharing a common fate, need for their emergence a number of conditions among which are a network of communication, the concentration of masses of people, a common enemy, and some form of organization.
	www2.pfeiffer.edu /~lridener/DSS/Marx/MARXW2.HTML (1185 words)

	EconLog, Class Consciousness, Arnold Kling: Library of Economics and Liberty
		What Marx argued was that the nature of capitalism was encouraging a flattening of class distinctions, where the vast numbers of the population would increasingly make their income through wage labor, while a very small number would own enough capital to earn most of their income through returns on their wealth...
		There are interesting classic issues of class to analyze in the modern economy, say the status of the owners of subcontractors, companies totally dependent on big corporations but officially operating as separate firms.
		They assign importance to mobility between quintile-defined classes but if the classes were smaller and more numerous (percentiles for example), mobility would be both universal and meaningless.
	econlog.econlib.org /archives/2005/05/class_conscious_1.html (2131 words)

	Working-Class Repub... :: Dissent Spring 2005 Issue
		Instead of fighting on the Republicans' terrain, Democrats should make class war the answer to the culture war, and restore economic issues to the center of the progressive political message: the primary cause of suffering in America is not the liberal elite, but rather the big corporations and their Republican friends.
		And because the Democrats no longer speak the language of class, their former base is left open and vulnerable to false consciousness around abortion, school prayer, guns, and gays.
		The opposite of false consciousness is class consciousness.
	www.dissentmagazine.org /article/?article=247 (2256 words)

	OpinionJournal - Outside the Box
		They can evaluate the educational quality of the school district their children attend compared with others in their state with similar student bodies, similar geographic characteristics and about the same level of funding.
		They can see the teacher-pupil ratio, class sizes, graduation rates and teacher salaries in the school district compared with others, and how the academic achievement of kids in their district compares with that children in other school districts.
		The School Evaluation Services division of S&P has charted some 1,500 education and financial variables for each school district and compared them in a comprehensive analysis of each state's education system.
	www.opinionjournal.com /columnists/pdupont/?id=95001333 (903 words)

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