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In the News (Fri 5 Dec 08)

  
 ROOP programming language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
ROOP is a multi-paradigm programming language targeted at AI applications created at the Chengdu University of China.
This capability is not typically available in other logical programming languages such as Prolog.
Rules and facts in ROOP are objects, and they send and respond to messages just like any other object in the language.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/ROOP_programming_language

  
 Object-oriented programming - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Object-oriented programming developed as the dominant programming methodology during the mid-1980s, largely due to the influence of C++, an extension of the C programming language.
Objects as a programming entities were first introduced in Simula 67, a programming language designed for making simulations, created by Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard of the Norwegian Computing Centre in Oslo.
In computer science, object-oriented programming, OOP for short, is a computer programming paradigm.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Object-oriented_programming   (3588 words)

  
 Prototype-based programming - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Prototype-based programming is a style and subset of object-oriented programming in which classes are not present, and behavior reuse (known as inheritance in class-based languages) is done by cloning existing objects which serve as prototypes for the new ones.
One problem with class-based languages in the opinion of proponents of prototype based programming is that programs rarely remain static during development.
Classes define the basic layout and functionality of objects, and instances are "usable" objects based on the patterns of a particular class.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Prototype-based_programming   (3588 words)

  
 Prototype-based programming - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Classes define the basic layout and functionality of objects, and instances are "usable" objects based on the patterns of a particular class.
One problem with class-based languages is that programs rarely remain static during development.
Class design is simplified, because the "class" definitions can be changed at any point in time, and within any application (one application can fix bugs in the objects it uses for itself, and the changes will not be visible to others).
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Prototype_based   (3588 words)

  
 ARS plus plus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
ARS++ has been developed in 2002 for the book Undiluted Programming (a description of the book is available on page [1]) to demonstrate ARS based programming in a real world context.
Even the implementation of ARS++ in C was used to demonstrate ARS based programming.
The definition of the programming language Scheme does not include those primitives however, leaving this issue up to the implementors of the language.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/ARS_plus_plus   (510 words)

  
 Computer programming - Wikibooks
Programming a computer can be performed in one of numerous languages, ranging from a higher-level language to writing directly in low-level machine code (that is, code that more directly controls the specifics of the computer's hardware).
Initially, Pascal was a hypothetical language intended to teach students structured programming, and generations of students have "cut their teeth" on Pascal as an introductory language in undergraduate courses.
C is a system programming language and has a fairly simple syntax and a small set of keywords.
en.wikibooks.org /wiki/Computer_programming   (1444 words)

  
 Business Software Review:Category Top/Computers/Programming/Languages/Object-Oriented/Prototype-based
Prototype-based programming is a style of object-oriented programming in which classes are not present, and behaviour reuse (known as inheritance in class-based languages) is accomplished by cloning existing objects which serve as prototypes for the new ones.
Non-English-based programming languages are computer programming languages that, unlike most well-known programming languages, do not use keywords taken from, or inspired by, the English vocabulary.
Though Simula (1967), a language created for making simulation programs, was probably the first language to have the primary features of an object-oriented language, Smalltalk is arguably the canonical example, and the one with which much of the theory of object-oriented programming was developed.
www.business-software-review.org /Category6210.html   (844 words)

  
 ipedia.com: Prototype Article
In computer science, a prototype is the object-class combination that prototype-based programming is based on.
Among model railroad enthusiasts, at least in North America, actual railroadss are commonly spoken of as "prototypes".
Prototypes or prototypical instances combine the most representative attributes of a category.
www.ipedia.com /prototype.html   (221 words)

  
 object-oriented programming on Encyclopedia.com
Each module, or object, combines data and procedures (sequences of instructions) that act on the data; in traditional, or procedural, programming the data are separated from the instructions.
A group of objects that have properties, operations, and behaviors in common is called a class.
UCSC Extension's New Certificate Program -- Object-Oriented Programming Using Java; A New Methodology for Creating Applications of Any Kind.
www.encyclopedia.com /html/o1/objecto.asp   (522 words)

  
 Objects Have Failed
Objects require programming by creating communicating entities, which means that programming is accomplished by building structures rather than by linguistic expression and description through form, and this often leads to a mismatch of language to problem domain.
Object design is like creating a story in which objects talk and interact with each other, leading people to expect that learning object-oriented programming is easy, when in fact it is as hard as ever.
Programming environments for languages like Smalltalk were written in those languages and were extensible by developers.
dreamsongs.com /ObjectsHaveFailedNarrative.html   (1341 words)

  
 Post-object programming -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
Post-object programming is a new generation of techniques that evolved out of the (additional info and facts about object-oriented programming) object-oriented programming generation.
(Authorizing subordinates to make certain decisions) Delegation is one of the original object programming techniques for a model that competes with (That which is inherited; a title or property or estate that passes by law to the heir on the death of the owner) inheritance.
Post-object programming emphasizes (additional info and facts about mixin) mixins, (Authorizing subordinates to make certain decisions) delegation, and (A distinct feature or element in a problem) aspects; as well as heterogeneous groups and (additional info and facts about multimethods) multimethods.
www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/po/post-object_programming.htm   (685 words)

  
 Class-based NewtonScript Programming
The instances will inherit it via their _parent slot, and the first time x is assigned, an "x" slot will be created in the heap-based part of the class, shadowing the initial value of zero.
Remember that there is no built-in idea of a class or an instance in NewtonScript; this is just a set of conventions for using NewtonScript that will let you create structures similar to those you would create in a class-based language.
An instance always has a _parent slot that refers to the class frame; note that because New is a message intended to be sent to the class, it can just use self to get the class pointer.
wsmith.best.vwh.net /class-based-NS.html   (685 words)

  
 Class-based NewtonScript Programming
This is a "class method" that is intended to be used as message of the Stack class itself, as in Stack:New(16).
You can create "class variables", that is, variables that are shared by all instances of a class, by adding slots to the class frame.
If you have class variables, note that because assignments take place in the outermost frame in the _proto chain (that is, the wrapper you create at initialization time for each class), each class gets its own version of the class variable.
wsmith.best.vwh.net /class-based-NS.html   (685 words)

  
 Programming paradigm TutorGig.co.uk Encyclopedia
For instance, in object-oriented programming, programmers can think of a program as a collection of interacting objects, while in functional programming a program can be thought of as a sequence of stateless function evaluations.
A 'programming paradigm' is a paradigmatic style of programming (compare with a methodology which is a paradigmatic style of doing software engineering).
A programming paradigm provides (and determines) the view that the programmer has of the execution of the program.
www.tutorgig.co.uk /ed/Programming_paradigm   (507 words)

  
 Programming paradigm
A programming paradigm is often closely connected to a certain school of software architecture, software engineering or similar and is often associated with a certain family of programming languages.
It gives the view that the programmer has of the execution of the program: for instance, in the case of object-oriented programming, the programmer sees the execution of the program as a collection of dialoguing objects.
For instance, Smalltalk and Java are associated with object-oriented programming, while Haskell and Scheme are associated with functional programming.
www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/programming_paradigm   (238 words)

  
 Rule-based Programming using ELAN: a Tutorial
rule-based programming is closely related to both algebraic and functional programming (when the term rewrite system is confluent) as well as classical logic programming (when the rewrite system is used for nondeterministic search).
Rule-based programming is currently experiencing a renewed period of growth with the emergence of new concepts and systems that allow one to better understand and better use it.
The ELAN language will be used to illustrate the programming paradigm as well as the compilation techniques that allow to reach the execution of more than 15 millions of rewrite per second.
www.loria.fr /equipes/protheo/SOFTWARES/ELAN/etaps2001   (238 words)

  
 Mica
In fact, Mica objects are classified only by which delegates they have (and which delegates their delegates have), not by a class or an ancestry (though often these two are heavily correlated.) It's kind of like finding out who is in a family by looking at their resemblances to each other.
It is a programming language and object environment designed to be accessible by more than one programmer at a time.
An object's inherited internal slots (its instance variables) can only be viewed and changed by methods defined on the delegate that created that state in the first place.
darksleep.com /mica   (1067 words)

  
 Object Oriented Design and Principles
In class hierarchies, it should be possible to treat a specialized object as if it were a base class object.
Object oriented modules should be open for extension but closed for change...
Object Oriented Design Tips II More tips on object oriented design in embedded systems.
www.eventhelix.com /RealtimeMantra/Object_Oriented   (136 words)

  
 Slate Language Website
Slate is a prototype-based object-oriented programming language based on Self, CLOS, and Smalltalk-80.
Unlike the Smalltalk family, methods within Slate can be assigned to a signature of objects, instead of being installed on one favored receiver.
Handle exceptional situations powerfully with live customizable condition and restart objects.
slate.tunes.org   (352 words)

  
 DBMS - April 1997 - Inside DCOM
COM is an object-based programming model designed to allow development of software components at different times by different vendors using a variety of languages, tools, and platforms.
Distributed object computing is a key enabler for these applications: It combines object-oriented concepts with client/server technology to produce a framework for building modular and scalable distributed applications at a relatively high level of abstraction.
Once a COM object has been created, COM specifies a standard protocol for tracking how many outstanding references there are to an object and when that object can be destroyed.
www.dbmsmag.com /9704d13.html   (3520 words)

  
 WebBroker: Distributed Object Communication on the Web
Object oriented (or object based) computing has matured greatly in recent years and is now in mainstream commercial use.
The goal of interface-based distributed object communication is to enable a software object on one machine to make method calls on a software object (potentially) located at another machine without the programmer or the objects having to directly deal with the fact that the communicating objects are possibly on separate machines.
Object reference counting implies the representation of state in the protocol which is not natural to the Web.
www.w3.org /TR/1998/NOTE-webbroker   (6191 words)

  
 Building objects using inheritance
Astarte's provisions for object-based programming are intended to be flexible, not highly secure in terms of how well an object guards its private components.
Putting a new value into a variable in the new object will have the effect of changing a corresponding variable in the old one as well, since the variables are not copied.
For example, imagine an object out that encapsulates a file that is opened for output, and that has a method to print an integer on the file.
www.cs.ecu.edu /~karl/astarte/objectSeq/ObjectInherit.html   (931 words)

  
 C++ Programming: Object oriented programming and object based programming
I object based programming, you can just use the classes which have been defined in the language.
In object based programming, you can just use the classes which have been defined in the language.
But the term "Object Oriented Programming" is used to describe programming in languages like Java where you must use objects.
www.experts-exchange.com /Programming/Programming_Languages/Cplusplus/Q_10309529.html   (387 words)

  
 2001paper.htm
A detailed comparison, with programming examples, is given in the book "Flow-Based Programming", but a key difference is that in FBP communication between components is via data chunks (IPs), whereas in what may be called "conventional OO" it is via an indirect call (through the class of the target).
This program comprises 38 asynchronous processes, 39 classes of data object (AMPS supported classes years before Object-Oriented Programming appeared on the scene), and 65 inter-process connections (note the ratio of connections to processes - this is not a highly-connected network).
In spite of this, until recently, computer programs were always based on the model of a sequential, "one step at a time", computer with a single instruction counter.
www.jpaulmorrison.com /fbp/2001paper.htm   (6009 words)

  
 How Object-Oriented Programming Started
Simula 67 introduced most of the key concepts of object-oriented programming: both objects and classes, subclasses (usually referred to as inheritance) and virtual procedures, combined with safe referencing and mechanisms for bringing into a program collections of program structures described under a common class heading (prefixed blocks).
Instead object-oriented programming is today (in the late 1990s) becoming the dominant style for implementing complex programs with large numbers of interacting components.
When the inheritance mechanism was invented in 1967, Simula 67 was developed as a general programming language that also could be specialised for many domains, including system simulation.
heim.ifi.uio.no /~kristen/FORSKNINGSDOK_MAPPE/F_OO_start.html   (855 words)

  
 Inductive Logic Programming
Inductive logic programming is a type of machine learning where the background and domain knowledge are expressed in terms of logical predicates.
Data was provided in the form of predicates based on metafeatures, but using only the extraction functions, rather than the parameter space.
After the development of metafeatures, we considered using inductive logic programming as a means of learning definitions.
www.cse.unsw.edu.au /~waleed/phd/html/node168.html   (855 words)

  
 logic_programming
Nonmonotonic logic programming (NLP) refers to the class of programming frameworks that are based on some nonmonotonic language constructs.
In a single instance, it is argued that the most concise encodings of the existence of a hamiltonian cycle problem as the problem of the existence of a stable model of a logic program are asymptotically more concise than similar encodings as the problem of the existence of a satisfying valuation of a CNF formula.
One possible approach is to compile programs under stable semantics to programs under partial stable semantics for which a goal directed query answering procedure exists.
www.cs.ualberta.ca /~you/Research/Constraint.html   (855 words)

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