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Topic: Classic Maya language

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Maya language

Yucatec Maya language

Chol language

Mayan

Native American languages

Tzeltal language

Ergative language

Jacaltec language

Maya

Maya civilization

Maya people

Mam language

Occitan language

Lacandon language

Writing system

	Maya Civilization - MSN Encarta
		Maya astronomers observed the movements of the sun, moon, and planets, made astronomical calculations, and devised almanacs (calendars combined with astronomical observations).
		Classic Maya civilization became more complex in about ad 300 as the population increased and centers in the highlands and the lowlands engaged in both cooperation and competition with each other.
		A Maya nobleman wore an embroidered cotton loincloth trimmed with feathers; a robe of cotton, jaguar skin, or feathers; sandals; and an elaborate feather headdress that was sometimes as large as himself.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761576077/Maya_Civilization.html (2028 words)

	Language - MSN Encarta
		In northern Asia there are a number of languages that appear either to form small, independent families or to be language isolates, such as the Chukotko-Kamchatkan language family of the Chukchi and Kamchatka peninsulas in the far east of Russia.
		The Austronesian languages, formerly called Malayo-Polynesian, cover the Malay Peninsula and most islands to the southeast of Asia and are spoken as far west as Madagascar and throughout the Pacific islands as far east as Easter Island.
		Languages of the Algonquian and Iroquoian families constitute the major indigenous languages of northeastern North America, while the Siouan family is one of the main families of central North America.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761570647_5/Language.html (1278 words)

	Mayan Language Family
		Today, the largest populations of Maya speakers can be found in the Mexican states of Yucatán, Campeche, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, and Chiapas, and in the Central American countries of Belize, Guatemala, and the western portions of Honduras and El Salvador.
		Maya languages are ergative, i.e, the subject of a transitive verb has one form (called the ergative case), while the subject of an intransitive verb has a different form -- the same form as the object of a transitive verb (the absolutive case).
		The pre-Columbian Maya civilization developed a writing system that represented the language of the Maya people spoken at that time, which is known today as Classical Maya.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/November2005/mayan.html (1045 words)

	Civilization.ca - Mystery of the Maya - Maya civilization timeline
		The Maya city of Cerros is built, with a complex of temples and ball courts.
		The Emperor Pacal dies at the age of 80 and is buried in the Temple of the Inscriptions at Palenque.
		A Quiché Maya woman from Guatemala named Rigoberta Menchu, who has lost most of her family to the death squads and is known for speaking out against the extermination of the Maya, wins the Nobel Peace Prize.
	www.civilization.ca /civil/maya/mmc09eng.html (1087 words)

	Qwika - similar:Huastec
		Mayan languages constitute a language family of related languages which are spoken in Mesoamerica, from southeastern Mexico to northern Central America, and as far south as Honduras.
		It is derived from the Classic Maya language.
		The Tzotzil Maya of the central highlands of the Mexican state of Chiapas are a Native American group, the direct descendants of the Classic Maya.
	www.qwika.com /rels/Huastec (1710 words)

	Classic Maya language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is the main language documented in the pre-Columbian inscriptions of the Classic Era Maya civilization.
		Classic Maya is the direct descendent of Proto-Mayan and the common ancestor of three branches of Mayan languages - Ch'olan, Yucatecan and the more distantly related Huastecan.
		Classic Maya is the principal language documented in the writing system used by the pre-Columbian Maya, and is particularly represented in inscriptions from the lowland regions and the period c.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Classic_Maya_language (382 words)

	History of the Maya (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The in situ evolution of their language implies that they were the original permanent inhabitants of the Maya area and suggests that that today's two million Mayas probably share a very ancient common genetic origin.
		The Maya were organised in city states, sometimes co-operating, sometimes fighting each other but they shared the same beliefs and deferred to priests who derived power from their knowledge of astronomy, mathematics and numerology.
		The late and terminal classic Bonampak (600 to 900), is renowned for its remarkably well preserved frescos depicting richly adorned Maya warriors dominating prisoners and slaves, evidence of the growing gulf between the elite and the common people and of the increasingly important role of warfare in the terminal classic period..
	berclo.net /page01/01en-hist-maya.html (3558 words)

	Mayan languages - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
		The group is sometimes known as the Mayance languages, a coinage that reflects the belief that the current Maya languages bear the same relation to the speech of the classical Maya civilization as the Romance languages have to the speech of the Roman civilisation.
		The Classic Maya language is quite closely related to modern Chol and Yucatec, and the split between these two languages may be observed in Maya inscriptions.
		The Huastec language, spoken in east-central Mexico, is part of the Mayan language family, although it is distant both linguistically and geographically from the rest of the language family.
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=182013 (868 words)

	Mayan World: the people, Quintana roo, Campeche, Chiapas, Yucatan, Mexico
		The Classic Period of the Maya is considered to have begun around 200 A.D. and lasted until 1000 A.D. This period is sometimes referred to as the flowering, flourishing or high period of the Maya as a civilization.
		The ancient Maya used observatories, shadow-casting devices, and observations of the horizon to trace the complex motions of the sun, the stars and planets.
		The Maya observed the sky and kept calendars to predict solar and lunar eclipses, the cycles of the planet Venus, and the movements of constellations.
	www.mayan-world.com /people.htm (3545 words)

	The Temple of Information
		Maya languages were also formerly spoken in western Honduras, and western El Salvador.
		The Maya also thought that the Moon and Sun gods were the parents of humans (the Sun god was the father and the Moon god was the mother).
		One of the examples of beauty that the Maya practiced, was that they pressed their children's faces (width wise) when they were young, so that when they were older they'd have some beauty in them.
	www.ruf.rice.edu /~jchance/mayainfo.html (1454 words)

	Mesoamerica Online
		Chuj, a language with a small number of native speakers, is termed "endangered" by linguists.
		Prominent languages such as English or Spanish, he says, are "more economically effective for their users." Parents are more likely to want their children to speak Spanish instead of a local dialect, for example, because it will help them advance later in life.
		The language plays a special role in the study of hieroglyphics because it is almost directly descended from Classic Maya, the language on the inscriptions.
	www.neh.gov /news/humanities/2005-09/mesoamerica.html (972 words)

	GeoNative - Guatemala - Maya
		Their language (no clear affinity to established language families) is either dead or in the verge of extinction.
		The language of the Classical Maya civilisation was of the Cholan sub-family of Mayan languages.
		Ch'orti' is the present-day Guatemalan language closest to that spoken by the builders of Tikal, Uaxactun...
	geocities.com /Athens/9479/mayagua.html (756 words)

	Classic Maya Research Guide
		Center for Maya Research: "The Center for Maya Research (CMR) is a not-for-profit educational organization founded by George Stuart in 1984.
		Institute of Maya Studies: "The Institute of Maya Studies, Inc. (IMS) is a non-profit organization founded in 1971 and is affiliated with the Miami Museum of Science.
		Maya Society of Minnesota: "The Maya Society of Minnesota is a non-profit, member supported organization, founded in 1978 by individuals interested in learning more, and promulgating knowledge, about Mesoamerican peoples and cultures which flourished before the Spanish conquest."
	astro.temple.edu /~dcm/maya.htm (1554 words)

	Ancient Scripts: Maya
		However, the Maya survived and there is estimated to be at least one million Mayans living in Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras today.
		In reality, Maya glyphs are read in "paired columns", meaning that the first glyph block is on the top left, the second is immediately to the right of the first, the third is under the first, the fourth under the second, and so forth.
		The Mayas, on the other hand, heard the syllables "ah", "beh", "seh" (as "a", "b" and "c" would be pronounced in Spanish), and so forth, and naturally gave the glyphs with these phonetic values.
	www.ancientscripts.com /maya.html (1830 words)

	MAYA: Millennial Language of the Americas
		Maya adheres to modes of expression common to the majority of native American tongues.
		That from the highlands to the lowlands and throughout the Yucatan Peninsula, one language was spoken by all of the people with a few, if any, regional variations.
		The Spaniards imposed their language on the Yucatecan Maya over 500 years ago, yet Maya has influenced Spanish more than it has been effected by it.
	www.mayadiscovery.com /ing/notes/mayan-language.htm (304 words)

	Yucatec Maya
		Yucatec Maya is documented in the ancient hieroglyphs of Pre-Columbian Maya civilization sites such as Chichen Itza and has a rich literature through the Spanish Colonial period.
		The language traces back some 5,000 years, and is thought to have been derived from a common ancestor, referred to as Classic Maya.
		Today, Yucatec Maya is used in the Yucatán by some 700,000 people both as a first language in rural and as a second language in urban areas.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/November2005/yucatec.html (782 words)

	Mayan art and books on preHispanic archaeology and ancient artifacts of precolumbian Belize, Mexico, Guatemala, and ...
		Sub-areas of the Maya are the Chenes, with Santa Rosa Xtampak being an important ruin.
		Maya is both a noun and an adjective.
		Scholars who study art history of the Maya area usually practice what is known as iconography, the study of meaning in art.
	maya-art-books.org (2919 words)

	Language Log: Making Yucatec Maya "cool again"
		One blurb for the book Maya Cosmogenesis 2012 says that in the fateful year "a new age is expected, one in which humanity will mutate spiritually into a new relationship with space-time and the material universe." Whether Apocalypto relates to these fanciful theories is perhaps known only by Mr.
		Yucatec Maya is not a direct descendent of Classic Maya, nor is it the modern Maya language most closely related to Classic Maya (often referred to as Ch'olan).
		But it was misleading for me to mention "Classic Maya" in the first place, since that usually refers to the "golden age" of Mayan civilization ending around AD 900, long before the time depicted in Gibson's film.
	itre.cis.upenn.edu /~myl/languagelog/archives/002631.html (1330 words)

	Central America: Maya Biosphere Reserve
		The classic Maya civilization began around 250 CE, but began to decline around 900 CE When the Spanish arrived at the beginning of the 16th century, the Maya were the largest group of indigenous people in Central America, especially Guatemala and Honduras.
		Many Maya fought with the rebel groups that were trying to overthrow the government.
		Of this number, a significant percent of the deaths as well as a vast number of human rights violations, such as rape, torture, and illegal imprisonment, were suffered by the Maya population.
	www.cet.edu /earthinfo/camerica/maya/MBtopic1.html (376 words)

	Maya and Pre-Columbian Links
		Fundación Agri-Cultura, described as healing the wounds of the civil war in Guatemala, its stated goals are "to promote peace, the Maya cultural heritage, sustainable development, and preservation of the environment through both action and education, and by encouraging cooperation among organizations involved in these areas.
		Maya Exploration Center (MEC) is a non-profit organization dedicated to the study of ancient Maya civilization.
		Maya Hieroglyphics Data Base site features a translation and analysis of four codices painted by Maya scribes before the Spanish conquest in the early 16th century.
	www.mostlymaya.com /Otherlinks.html (3452 words)

	The Sombrero Capital
		All are natives who speak the Maya language first and speak Spanish as a second language.
		As she works, she lays the half-finished hat on a wooden board and with a conch shell, she rubs the hat until the fiber is smooth and flexible.
		Woven in the humid semi-darkness of Campeche caves, it is worn with pride throughout the world by connoisseurs of the quality of its fibers, the tightness of its weave, and the skilled artistry of the weavers of Becal.
	www.mayadiscovery.com /ing/handicrafts/sombreros.htm (1804 words)

	Archaeology of the ancient Mayan civilization of Mesoamerica - The Maya Culture
		The Maya vision of the universe is divided into multiple levels, above and below earth, positioned within the four directions of north, south, east and west.
		While the Maya diet varies, depending on the local geography, maize remains the primary staple now as it was centuries ago.
		The Maya developed several unique building innovations, including the corbel arch which was a false arch achieved by stepping each successive block, from opposite sides, closer to the center, and capped at the peak.
	www.jaguar-sun.com /maya.html (657 words)

	Mayan World: A maya time line, Quintana roo, Campeche, Chiapas, Yucatan, Mexico
		Cuello, in Belize, is occupied by the Maya.
		Lamanai, in Belize, is occupied by the Maya.
		According to Maya chronology the Earth awe know it is to be destroyed by catastrophic earth quakes.
	www.mayan-world.com /time.htm (1176 words)

	Maya in the Thunderdome \| Salon Arts & Entertainment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		As a scholar of the Maya civilization, I was anxious to see Mel Gibson's portrayal of the Maya in "Apocalypto." Of course, I realize the movie is not a documentary and was mindful of the director's artistic license.
		Although the main actors are native North Americans, I applaud Gibson's use of some Maya actors, as well his decision to have the characters speak in a native Maya language, Yukatek, still heard in Mexico.
		Yet the Maya city portrayed in the movie, central to the its plot, dates roughly to the 9th century.
	www.salon.com /ent/feature/2006/12/15/maya (498 words)

	Ch'orti' language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Ch'orti' language (sometimes also Chorti) is a Mayan language, spoken by the indigenous Maya people who are also known as the Ch'orti' or Ch'orti' Maya.
		Ch'orti' is a direct descendant of the Classic Maya language in which many of the pre-Columbian inscriptions using the Maya script were written.
		This Classic Maya language is also attested in a number of inscriptions made in regions whose inhabitants most likely spoke a different Mayan language variant, including the ancestor of Yukatek Maya.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chorti_language (189 words)

	MayaMayan Home Page
		[The word] Maya is both a noun and an adjective.
		The word Mayan is technically correct only for the language.
		Today, in normal American usage, Mayan is accepted as the adjective, though scholars prefer to keep to the Maya.
	mayamayan.homestead.com (77 words)

	FAMSI - John Montgomery, Dictionary of Maya Hieroglyphs
		Some otherwise unknown ancient Near Eastern languages are known from such bilingual dictionaries, which were compiled by scribes who presumably had to deal with both languages.
		The initial impetus behind their compilation was so that Spanish priests and friars could learn the language in which they would proselytize, for invariably the situation was one where very few priests were facing the task of converting thousands, even millions, of Indians (see The Classification of Mayan Languages).
		Essentially, John Montgomery’s dictionary is of Classic Maya hieroglyphs, organized alphabetically by word, phrase, or syllable, and including appendices that list signs under several additional categories.
	www.famsi.org /mayawriting/dictionary/montgomery/whatis.htm (759 words)

	NOVA Online \| Lost King of the Maya
		The film follows the work of archeologists who are using new excavations and hieroglyphic translations to interpret the early history of Copán, a Classic Maya site in northern Honduras.
		In these video clips, David Stuart, a world-renowned expert on the written language of the ancient Maya, guides you to some of Copán's greatest treasures.
		The Maya invented a writing system so elaborate that experts have yet to completely decipher it.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/maya/index_f.html (198 words)

	Mayan languages
		There are many ways of classifying Mayan languages, and in general the more sources you consult the more confused you will get (presumably at a certain point the confusion arc reverses).
		The thing to know is that there are a lot of them (31 is a number often given, but sources range all the way from 21 into the 50s) and they are for the most part mutually unintelligible (with differences that can be as great as those between German and English, say).
		Their language is closest to that of the Classic Maya.
	www.rightreading.com /mayan/mayan_langs.htm (273 words)

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