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Topic: Classic RISC pipeline

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	php-deluxe.net - description RISC
		Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC), is a microprocessor CPU design philosophy that favors a smaller and simpler set of Instructions that all take about the same amount of time to execute.
		The key to pipelining is the observation that the processor can start reading the next instruction as soon as it finishes reading the last, meaning that there are now two instructions being worked on (one is being read, the next is being decoded), and after another cycle there will be three.
		However, despite many successes, RISC has made few inroads into the desktop PC and commodity server markets, where Intel s x86 platform remains the dominant processor architecture (Intel is facing increased competition from AMD, but even AMD s processors implement the x86 platform, or a 64-bit superset known as x86-64).
	www.php-deluxe.net /encyclopedia,index.page,RISC.htm (3939 words)

	ooBdoo
		This section describes what is generally referred to as the "Classic RISC pipeline," which in fact is quite common among the simple CPUs used in many electronic devices (often called microcontrollers).
		Pipelining does, however, introduce the possibility for a situation where the result of the previous operation is needed to complete the next operation; a condition often termed data dependency conflict.
		This requires that the instruction pipeline is filled as often as possible and gives rise to the need in superscalar architectures for significant amounts of CPU cache.
	www.oobdoo.com /wikipedia/?title=CPU (7033 words)

	Classic RISC pipeline - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The original MIPS, SPARC and Motorola 88000 CPUs were classic scalar RISC pipelines.
		The classic RISC pipeline resolves branches in the Decode stage, which means the branch resolution recurrence is two cycles long.
		The most common kind of software-visible exception on one of the classic RISC machines is a TLB miss (see virtual memory).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Classic_RISC_pipeline (2197 words)

	CPU design
		Pipelines improve performance by allowing a number of instructions to work their way through the processor at the same time.
		Due to the reduced complexity of the Classic RISC pipeline, the pipelined core and an instruction cache could be placed on the same size die that would otherwise fit the core alone on a CISC design.
		Improvements in pipelining and caching are the two major microarchitectural advances that have enabled processor performance to keep pace with the circuit technology on which they are based.
	www.mrsci.com /Computer-Hardware/CPU_design.php (5869 words)

	Home > San Pablo, California, CA, 94806, San Pablo Real Estate, San Pablo Yellow Pages, San Pablo Classifieds, San ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Pipelining reduces cycle time of a processor and hence increases instruction throughput, the number of instructions that can be executed in a unit of time.
		The downside of a long pipeline is when a program branches, the entire pipeline must be flushed, a problem that branch predicting helps to alleviate.
		In the extreme case, the performance of a pipelined processor could theoretically approach that of an unpipelined processor, or even slightly worse if all but one pipeline stages are idle and a small overhead is present between stages.
	www.sanpablocaus.com /topic/Pipelining (1597 words)

	English Reduced instruction set computer
		The reduced instruction set computer, or RISC, is a microprocessor CPU design philosophy that favors a simpler set of instructions that all take about the same amount of time to execute.
		The idea was inspired by the discovery that many of the features that were included in traditional CPU designs to facilitate coding were being ignored by the programs that were running on them.
		There were eleven pipelined functional units for arithmetic and logic, plus five load units and two store units (the memory had multiple banks so all load-store units could operate at the same time).
	articles.gourt.com /?article=risc (4174 words)

	risc - low power risc processor
		The compilers in risc architecture overview use at the time only had a limited ability to take advantage of the features provided by CISC CPUs; this was largely a result of the difficulty of writing a compiler.
		The key to pipelining is the observation that the processor can start reading the next instruction as soon as it finishes reading the last, meaning that there are now two instructions being worked on (one risc inc is being read, the next is being decoded), and after another cycle there will be three.
		Thornton and Cray risc music designed it as a number-crunching CPU (with 74 op-codes, compared with a 8086's 400) plus 12 simple computers called 'peripheral processors' to handle risc based computers I/O (most of the operating system was in one of these).
	www.infotechloco.com /Inf-Computer-Topics-R---Sx/RISC.html (4076 words)

	[No title]
		Intel's strategy of deepening the Pentium 4's pipeline, a practice that Intel calls "hyperpipelining", has paid off in terms of performance, but it is not without its drawbacks.
		By the end of the article, you should have a clear grasp on exactly how pipeline depth is related to microprocessor performance on different types of code.
		(I'll define the term "pipeline" shortly; for now, just think of a pipeline as a series of stages that each instruction in the code stream must pass through when the code stream is being executed.) Here are the four stages in their abbreviated form, the form in which you'll most often see them:
	arstechnica.com /articles/paedia/cpu/pipelining-1.ars/1 (626 words)

	Portable Apps
		The idea was originally inspired by the discovery that many of the features that were included in traditional CPU designs to facilitate coding were being ignored by the programs that were running on them.
		The goal of RISC was to make instructions so simple, each one could be executed in a single clock cycle [1].
		The result is that virtually all RISC platforms with the exception of IBM's Power Architecture have greatly shrunk in scale of development of high performing CPUs (like SPARC and MIPS) or were abandoned (like Alpha and PA-RISC) during the 00s.
	portable-apps.subiectiv.com /portable.php?title=RISC (4126 words)

	Overclockers Forums - Athlon64 and General CPU Technology mini-refrence
		A pipeline is a list of instructions that the cpu is working on - if the first-most instruction is an add or something, the cpu can look further down the pipeline for a memory load and start working on that, since it can both add and load from memory at the same time.
		Pipeline stalls, or bubbles, reduce a pipeline's average instruction throughput, because they prevent the pipeline from attaining the maximum throughput of one finished instruction per cycle.This is the problem with Intel's CPU's.
		This is because you need to keep the pipeline fed, and more importantly if you have a branch prediction miss and you have to throw away data or you have an error in calculating data and you have to throw the data away you're loosing more work cycles than on a shorter pipeline processor.
	www.ocforums.com /printthread.php?t=387353 (11237 words)

	The Ultimate CPU cache Dog Breeds Information Guide and Reference
		In the instruction fetch stage of a pipeline, the current program counter along with a set of branch predictions is checked in the trace cache for a hit.
		Pipelines with separate instruction and data caches are said to have a Harvard architecture.
		Later in the pipeline, but before the load instruction is retired, the tag for the loaded data must be read, and checked against the virtual address to make sure there was a cache hit.
	www.dogluvers.com /dog_breeds/L3_cache (6567 words)

	RISC - ExampleProblems.com
		The VAX was a minicomputer whose initial implementation required 3 racks of equipment for a single cpu, and was notable for the amazing variety of memory access styles it supported, and the fact that every one of them was available for every instruction.
		On June 6, 2005 Apple decided to switch to using Intel processors, with the first Apple-i386 based on the Pentium M to be sold sometime near the beginning of 2006.
		One, the very large base of proprietary PC applications are written for x86, whereas no RISC platform has a similar installed base, and this meant PC users were locked into the x86 despite a lack of performance.
	www.exampleproblems.com /wiki/index.php/RISC (4034 words)

	Understanding Pipelining and Superscalar Execution
		Pipelining is a fairly simple concept, though, and the following section will make use of an analogy in order to explain how it works.
		When the pipeline is at full capacity, each stage is busy working on an instruction and the whole pipeline is able to spit out one instruction right after the other.
		Because of this feature of pipelining, one of the most difficult and important challenges which the CPU designer faces is that of balancing the pipeline so that no one stage has to do more work to do than any other.
	www.xtrj.org /ssm9/understanding_pipelining_and_sup.htm (5547 words)

	Instruction pipeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		An instruction pipeline is a technology used on microprocessors to enhance their performance.
		Pipelining improves performance by reducing the idle time of each piece of hardware.
		A control unit called the pipeline controller ensures that this is done in a safe way that does not change the end result.
	instruction-pipeline.iqnaut.net (863 words)

	FCPU MANUAL REV. 0.1 - PART 4
		Each pipeline stage can generate several errors that the OS must handle, which requires that the application must "restart" the trapped instruction or continue after the trap.
		The previously described OOOC pipeline is not changed at all and the critical datapath does not suffer from additional buffers.
		When the pipeline will be "naturally" flushed from the old application's instructions, the registers will be saved and the faultive application will restart later without any loss or reexecution.
	f-cpu.tux.org /manual/part4.html (2610 words)

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		They Classic RISC pipeline Free snooker classic equine.
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	home.tiscali.de /onlineinfo/classic-equine.html (177 words)

	Home > Agana Heights, Guam, GU, 96910, Agana Heights Real Estate, Agana Heights Yellow Pages, Agana Heights ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Another version would read the two numbers from memory, but store the result in a register.
		Another version would read one from memory and the other from a register and store to memory again (this version is still important to include in processors because of it\'s atomic nature, hence it evolved into a LAS instruction that is included in most RISC processors).
		This processor design philosophy eventually became known as Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC).
	agana-heights.guamus.com /details/RISC (4349 words)

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