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Topic: Classical Greeks

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	Classical Greek Sculpture: Home
		Greek art in particular was very influential in the development of Western art, and because knowledge of the Classical period is almost a prerequisite to observation of the evolution of Western art, the makers of this web page hope to promote appreciation of the Greek Classical period.
		The Greeks believed that “all men by nature desire to know,” as stated by Aristotle; this philosophy was held by Greek sculptors.
		The later rediscovery of Greek art and its drive for perfection of the human form resulted in the resurgence of classical tendencies in other cultures centuries after the fall of the Greek Empire.
	library.thinkquest.org /23492 (233 words)

	Greek Theater Performance
		She states that in classical Greek society, "writing never appeared to be the prerogative of any elite, religious or governmental" (Wise, 104).
		To the Greeks, worshiping Dionysus was a religious rite and necessity.
		Greek tragedy has a lot to teach us in our time, and adapting it to our culture allows us the freedom to know and experience the philosophy, poetry, and wisdom of our ancestors while still exploring contemporary cultural and social issues.
	www.reemcreations.com /literature/theater.html (2206 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Pure Greek nationalism re-emerged in the 11th century within specific circles and became more forceful after the fall of Constantinople to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade in 1204, and the establishment of a number of Greek kingdoms (such as the Empire of Nicaea and the Despotate of Epirus).
		Greeks (Î“ÏÎ±Î¹ÎºÎ¿Î¯) - In mythology, Graecus was the brother of Latinus and nephew to Hellen.
		Greeks on Greekness: The Construction and Uses of the Greek Past among Greeks under the Roman Empire, a conference on how Greeks imagined Greekness in relation to the past during the first two centuries of the Roman Empire.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Greeks (3779 words)

	Alphabetic origins of Western civilization
		The Greek alphabet is a modification of the earlier Semitic one[3].
		The Classical Greek architecture is notably for the absence of palaces.
		Finley, Moses, I. The Greek historians: The essence of Herodotus, Thucydides, Xenophen and Polybius.
	faculty.ed.umuc.edu /~jmatthew/articles/opaqueread.html (16104 words)

	Classical Greece
		In the 18th and 19th centuries reverence for classical antiquity was much greater in Western Europe and the United States than it is today.
		In philosophy, the efforts of St Thomas Aquinas were derived largely from the thought of Aristotle, despite the intervening change in religion from paganism to Christianity.
		Greek and Roman authorities such as Hippocrates and Galen formed the foundation of the practice of medicine even longer than Greek thought prevailed in philosophy.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/c/cl/classical_greece.html (599 words)

	Sacred Sites: Sacred Geography of the Ancient Greeks (Site not responding. Last check: )
		During the millennia before the emergence of the classical Greeks there were other peoples living in the region and traces of their wisdom traditions may still be found in the old myths.
		In the Greek world the word for sanctuary was hieron (meaning holy or sacred), which suggests the idea of a zone between the divine and human world where communications between the two realms could exist.
		Sea travel was the primary form of transport for the Greeks and the sailing season from the beginning of spring in April to the onset of winter in October came to be the period during which the main state-supported festivals were held.
	www.sacredsites.com /europe/greece/ancient_greek_sacred_geography.html (3593 words)

	THE BLACK GREEKS
		These scholars have reviewed the writings of the classical authors, the anthropological, linguistic and historical evidence to reach the conclusion that the ancient Greeks were fls and that the European Greeks learned the liberal arts and sciences from their "fl ancestors" who first settled Greece and the Egyptians.
		Greek traditions speak of Egyptian colonies founded by Cecrops who settled Atica, Danaus the brother of Aegyptus was the founder of Argolis.
		Danaus is alleged to have taught the Greeks agriculture and metallurgy.
	clyde.winters.tripod.com /chapter6.html (4808 words)

	Historical Background to Classical Studies (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The classical Greeks in this area thought of themselves as related and as superior to those who were not Greek, but the city-states tended to be fiercely independent of each other, spent much of their time fighting amongst themselves, and had distinctly different dialects.
		In Greek legend, the most famous fact about Minoan civilization was the notorious labyrinth, at the centre of which was a ferocious wild beast, half bull, half human (the Minotaur), to whom human sacrifices were made.
		According to this view, the different Greek dialects may not represent different languages of the invaders but may be the result of linguistic developments once the invaders had settled in the new lands.
	www.mala.bc.ca /~johnstoi/clas101/background2.htm (4523 words)

	Critique of Martin Bernal
		The vocabulary of ancient Greek is 50 percent non-Indo-European, and classical Greek grammar, he avers, shows a language “worn down” and streamlined by long use in a sophisticated culture.
		Two brief examples: the Greek verb is an archetypally Indo-European structure in that it displays both main types of verbal system found in that language family: the aspectual, which emphasizes duration and frequency of action (as in Russian verbs), and the multi-tensual, which locates an action in time (as in Spanish verbs).
		The purpose of Greek history was to give an account of individuality, whereas that of Near Eastern and Egyptian chronicles was to reduce all events to the uniform and ceremonial pattern of the cosmic order.
	www.class.uidaho.edu /ngier/309/bernal.htm (4070 words)

	The Classical Greek Foundations
		Greece of the classical period (5th Century B.C.E.) was one of several powerful Mediterranean cultures of the ancient world.
		Even after the Greek city-states had lost their political and economic vitality, Greek scholars and teachers continued to make Hellenic culture essential to the Romans, the later ages of Egyptians, and to the emerging Christian world.
		Along with the Judeo-Christian heritage, the classical Greeks provide the foundation on which so much that is familiar to us is constructed.
	www.temple.edu /ih/GreekFoundations/index.htm (709 words)

	Cogprints - The origin of Classical Greek culture: Hunter-gatherers of the alphabet
		Skoyles, John R. The origin of Classical Greek culture: Hunter-gatherers of the alphabet.
		Classical Greek culture differs from that of previous societies.
		Previous theorists have attributed this to the Greek alphabet (which differed from its precursor, the Semitic alphabet in containing vowel letters).
	cogprints.org /2258 (198 words)

	The Gods of the Greeks
		Much of the mythology of the classical Greeks goes back to Mycenean times--the linear B tablets discovered in the ruins of Agamemnon's Mycenae and Nestor's Pylos have some of their names.
		The Greeks would have insisted on the authority of their Zeus over these older goddesses; he marries Hera, and Athena must be reborn from his forehead.
		Another great distinction in Greek religion, as some later scholars have looked at it, is between Apollo, a god associated with light reason, and the pursuit of form, and Dionysus, a god associated with darkness, intoxication, and the pursuit of ecstasy.
	oldweb.uwp.edu /academic/english/canary/myth-origins.htm (1673 words)

	Greeks (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Greeks (Greek: ÎÎ»Î»Î·Î½ÎµÏâ”"Hellenes") are a nation and a people, who have populated Greece from the 17th century BC to the present day.
		Until the early 20th century Greeks were uniformly distributed between the Greek peninsula, the western coast of Asia Minor, Pontus and Constantinople, regions which coincided to a very large extent with the borders of the Byzantine Empire of the late 11th century and the areas of Greek colonization in the ancient world.
		Greeks on Greekness: The Construction and Uses of the Greek Past among Greeks under the Roman Empire, a conference on how Greeks imagined Greekness in relation to the past during the first two centuries of the Roman Empire.
	www.zdnet.co.za /wiki/Greeks (4069 words)

	Myth Notes: Introductory Material
		Greek distinguished by terms such as hieron, hosion, and hagion, a number of concepts that we heap together as "the sacred." Thus ta hiera designated the cults and sanctuaries of the gods but also sacrificial victims.
		Sources of evidence for study of Greek religon: literary texts, epigraphic documents, and archaeological data The more one studies religions, the better one comes to undrstand that, just like tools or language, they are integral components of the machinery of symbolic thought.
		Greek religion is a subject area where the scholar is obliged to conceptualize in combination religion and politics, anthropology and history, morality and daily life.
	www.albany.edu /faculty/lr618/1mnsac.html (2029 words)

	Berlin Exhibition
		The ideals of restraint and moderation, so central to Classical society, were not merely celebrated in the art of the period but also expressed by the artistic representations themselves.
		The sixth section of the exhibition considers some ways in which Classical archetypes became canonized and a formalized conception of Classicism developed in the fourth century BCE, as Greek influence, culture, and language spread under the consolidating power of Macedonia, and Classical styles began to be consciously emulated throughout the Mediterranean and Black Sea area.
		Indeed, that we use a Latin-derived term to describe the heyday of Greek civilization (as we use Latin words to describe so many originally Greek concepts) is indicative of the degree to which our ideas of the Classical have been transmitted to us through the cultural ascendancy of a Hellenized Rome.
	www.helleniccomserve.com /berlin.html (1796 words)

	Looking for the Lost Greeks - The New York Review of Books
		The Greeks themselves were left with, mainly, oral poetry as a bridge to the distant Bronze Age, and this poetry was then set down in a Semitic alphabet, which seemed to have nothing to do with the "Linear" syllabary language of the past.
		Hesiod, the very poet who (according to Herodotus) gave the Greeks their past, shows how uncertain he was about that past by the use he makes of a chronology of four metallic eras, a chronology derived from the East.
		He thinks that the Greeks' insecure purchase upon their founding legends led to an "archaeology of nostalgia," a desire to establish as many points of contact with that distant past as they could contrive.
	www.nybooks.com /articles/16593 (4573 words)

	Classical
		Greek and Roman arts, government, law, religion, philosophy, economics, and social structures are investigated in such a way so that students understand and appreciate the contributions of these ancient civilizations.
		The Greek and Roman civilizations are analyzed in terms of their importance in their own times as well as their impact on the twenty first century.
		Whether it is the classical styles of the Greeks or the innovative engineering accomplishments and city planning of the Romans, ancient influences can be seen all around us.
	nps.northampton.ma.us /~baldwinm/Classical.html (1251 words)

	The Early Centuries of the Greek Roman East
		Along with the Greek language and customs, the Greek-Orthodox faith was to form one of the links of continuity between the cultures of the ancient Greek and Greco-Roman worlds and the Medieval world of the Greek Roman East.
		The influence of Greek philosophical thought, which was at the heart of the educational system, was manifest in many of the classifications and reasonings of Justinian's legislation.
		The seventy eight of his epigrams which are preserved in "The Greek Anthology" show that he was an accomplished practitioner of the classical style and, with an intimate knowledge of classical literature and a delicate feeling for language and meter.
	www.greece.org /Romiosini/constple.html (6837 words)

	Classical Style Home Decor
		Classical styles of home décor are usually bold in appearance and pertain to the historical influence of the Greeks and Romans.
		For example, a column may be used as a bedpost here, whereas classical style settings would use the column for the same reasons as the Greeks and Romans: architectural detail.
		The Greeks and Romans designed marvelous architectural structures that were balanced, and pertained to vertical or radial symmetry.
	www.home-decor-gardening.com /classical-style.htm (590 words)

	Osprey - Ancient Greeks
		The ancient Greeks and their sport is the topic of the month, with millions of people worldwide having followed the Olympic Games in Athens.
		Nick Sekunda looks at the images or 'devices' that were painted onto the shields of Greek hoplite warriors, including those representing family and heraldry, the state, and the various cults of the ancient Greek gods.
		Though the Roman army was the first to practice organised military medicine on a large scale, the need to care for the wounded had existed since tribes and city-states had first taken up arms and made war upon one another.
	www.ospreypublishing.com /content2.php/cid=220 (391 words)

	The Role of Women in Ancient Greek Art
		Answer: According to Greek law the wife was the property of the husband and it was his responsibility to administer punishment to her.
		It is likely that the ancient Greek females did have sex with one another simply because their culture was full of sexual energy and they did not seem to care who this energy was directed at.
		Greek art was definitely more reflective of the ancient Greek women than renaissance art was of renaissance women, but Greek art cannot be assumed to be an accurate representation of Greek women.
	www.fjkluth.com /amaz.html (12494 words)

	[KS] Classical and Byzantine Greece (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Aside from the issue of historical, cultural, or racial continuity between the classical Greeks and the medieval/modern Greeks, Greeks and non-Greeks continue to disagree on the origins of Greek nationalism.
		Whilte the Greeks trace it as far back as the final centuries of the Byzantine empire when it had become an almostly entirely Greek state rather than a universalistic empire, non-Greek scholars regard Greek nationalistm as a modern construct.
		Today the Greeks obviously acknowledge and are very prooud of their two very different heritages, those of classical Greece and medieval Byzantium (especially as manifested through the eastern orthodox Christianity).
	koreaweb.ws /pipermail/koreanstudies_koreaweb.ws/2000-May/001774.html (380 words)

	311 Post-Classical Drama and Mime, Classical Drama and Theatre
		The classical Greek audience, for one, did not necessarily know all the essential details in myths portrayed on stage and it is easy to imagine that they required enlightenment about the particular situation being portrayed, especially when rival versions of the same myth coexisted as they did so often.
		Some texts of classical tragedies appear to include interpolations—later additions made to the texts—traceable, no doubt, to post-classical actors attempting to elaborate the scripts of tragedy for various reasons, most likely, to enhance their own roles and extenuate their moment in the sunlight.
		But the tidal wave which the classical Greeks and their immediate heirs had stirred finally curled and broke when it washed ashore on the desert sands of their distant descendants' deficiencies.
	www.usu.edu /markdamen/ClasDram/chapters/111mime.htm (2877 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2003.07.34
		The content is the reflection of an undergraduate lecture course at Cambridge in the years 1989-1993, largely focused on the always shifting image (realistic or not) the Greeks presented of themselves, or rather that part which we deem it worthwhile to elucidate at the moment.
		Politics gave the Greeks' life its distinctive meaning and value: essentially it determines their membership in the politeia, as a body of citizens, and their subordination to a particular nomos, custom or convention and law or the rule of law.
		In their world full of gods the Greeks' religious practice was, in contrast to the great monotheistic religions' focus on their respective revelations, centred on concepts of appropriateness and order and the efforts to maintain the proper balance, a kosmos, between the divine power and human action.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2003/2003-07-34.html (1917 words)

	Classical Fathering vs Judeo-Christian Model
		Under the Greek and Roman traditions of the West children are legally independent and have full rights and guarantees, while according the Judeo-Christian yoke children have no rights and are chattel to their parents.
		Since the Greeks originally came to the Balkans from central Europe, it is safe to assume that classical Greek attitudes towards fathering are similar to those of the peoples they left behind in central Europe.
		The Greeks themselves held in highest regard the fathering techniques of the Spartans, the last Greek tribe to arrive in the Peleponese.
	www.fathermag.com /interviews/hodges-interview.html (1283 words)

	TheGreeks
		The true origins of all theatre, the classical Greeks were the first to use theatre as a tool for education.
		Bound by strict conventions, all of which you will learn about on the course, the Classical Greek style is still studied today and is a vital background to any advanced level or 16+ course.
		Applications for Classical Greek Theatre 2005 are now available online and must be submitted by 10th January 2005..
	www.uftondrama.co.uk /TheGreeks.htm (210 words)

	NEGROES IN CLASSICAL GREECE (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Negroes were common in Classical Greece – as slaves and as freedmen, and it was their inclusion into Grecian society, which ultimately saw that civilization fall.
		According to Quintus (2.100-101.) of Smyrna, the Greeks encountered Negroes in the army of Memnon at Troy.
		The numerous representations of Negroes in Classical Greek art, and their accuracy in depiction, all point to an obvious live presence of that racial type form, which the artists could work.
	www.stormfront.org /whitehistory/greece_negroes.htm (2864 words)

	Classical Atlas Project
		The Barrington Atlas, created by the Classical Atlas Project (now, the Ancient World Mapping Center), is a reference work of permanent value.
		It has an exceptionally broad appeal to everyone worldwide with an interest in ancient Greeks and Romans, the lands they penetrated, and the peoples and cultures they encountered in Europe, North Africa and Western Asia.
		The Classical Atlas Project web site (this page) remains available on the web for historical reasons, but it will not be updated in the future.
	www.unc.edu /depts/cl_atlas (455 words)

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