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Topic: Classical Nahuatl

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	Nahuatl
		Nahuatl generally does not have diphthongs, so when two vowels are written together, they belong to different syllables and are pronounced separately.
		Nahuatl is a polysynthetic language, i.e., many different kinds of affixes (prefixes and/or suffixes) can be added to roots to form very long words.
		It was necessary for speakers of Nahuatl to learn Spanish and to borrow Spanish words into their language, particularly for artifacts and concepts that did not exist in the Nahuatl culture.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/october/Nahuatl.html (0 words)

	Classical Nahuatl - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Classical Nahuatl (also known as Aztec, and simply Nahuatl) is a term used to describe the variants of the Nahuatl language that were spoken in the Valley of Mexico — and central Mexico as a lingua franca — at the time of the 16th-century Spanish conquest of Mexico.
		Classic Nahuatl is an Uto-Aztecan language of the Nahuan or Aztecan language.
		Nahuatl literature is extensive (probably the most extensive of all Indigenous languages of the Americas), including a relatively large corpus of poetry (see also Nezahualcoyotl); the Huei tlamahuiçoltica is an excellent early sample of literary Nahuatl.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Classical_Nahuatl (795 words)

	Nahuatl language - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Nahuatl is related to the languages spoken by the Hopi, Comanche, Paiute or Ute, Pima, Shoshone, Tarahumara, Yaqui, Tepehuán, Huichol and other peoples of western North America, as they all belong to the Uto-Aztecan linguistic stock or language family.
		A range of Nahuatl lects are currently spoken in an area stretching from the northern Mexican state of Durango to Tabasco in the south.
		Nahuatl literature is extensive (probably the most extensive of all Amerindian languages), including a relatively large corpus of poetry (see also Nezahualcoyotl); the Nican Mopohua is an excellent early sample of transcribed Nahuatl.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/n/a/h/Nahuatl.html (1624 words)

	Nahuatl language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nahuatl is mostly known outside of Mexico because the Aztecs spoke Nahuatl: a variant now known as Classical Nahuatl.
		As these groups became predominant, Nahuatl, and especially Classical Nahuatl after the ascendancy of the Aztec empire, was used as a lingua franca in much of Mesoamerica beginning from the 12th century AD until the 16th century, at which time its prominence and influence were eclipsed by the Spanish conquest of Mexico.
		Nahuatl literature is extensive (probably the most extensive of all Indigenous languages of the Americas), including a relatively large corpus of poetry (see also Nezahualcoyotl); the Huei tlamahuiçoltica is an example of literary Nahuatl from the seventeenth century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nahuatl_language (2863 words)

	Teaching Nahuatl Language Through Song and Dance (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Classical Náhuatl is classified under the Southern Uto-Aztecan group whose progenitor is Uto-Aztecan.
		By 1833 Classical Náhuatl was determined to be "extinct" according to the Summer Institute of Linguistics' documentation (Grimes, 1996).
		Scholars of Náhuatl are accustomed to talk about "Classical Náhuatl" and "the modern dialects." This implies a gulf between immediately post-conquest Náhuatl and what is spoken today; yet the people who speak Náhuatl today are the descendants of the people who spoke it five centuries ago.
	jan.ucc.nau.edu /~jar/TIL_7.html (8142 words)

	Aztec - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Renowned Nahuatl translator Miguel León-Portilla suggests that it is derived from mexictli, "navel of the moon", from Nahuatl metztli (moon) and xictli (navel).
		Classical Nahuatl (also known as Aztec, and simply Nahuatl) is a term used to describe the variants of the Nahuatl language that were spoken in the Valley of Mexico -- and central Mexico as a lingua franca -- at the time of the Spanish conquest of Mexico.
		Nahuatl is still spoken by Mexican Indians (who claim to speak "Mexican"), mostly in mountainous areas in the states surrounding Mexico City.
	www.higiena-system.com /wiki/link-Aztec (5695 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The third theme in Klor de Alva's seminars was the constitu- tion of Classical Nahuatl as the language of the colonized.
		Classical Nahuatl was restricted to the confessionaries, doc- trines and other documents produced by the missionaries, often in close collaboration with trilingual indigenous collegians from the College of Santa Cruz de Tlalteloco.
		Classical Nahuatl provided a norm to define what was the correct, pure speech, however, it was vernacular nahuatl that enhanced the local communities' capacities to pursue their own interests in the new socio-political order.
	muweb.millersville.edu /~columbus/data/spc/RABASA01.SPK (3003 words)

	Classical Nahuatl
		Classical Nahuatl (nahuatl clasico) was the Nahuatl language spoken by the Mexica (Aztecs) of Mexico-Tenochtitlan (the heart of modern Mexico City) in the days of the Aztec Empire.
		The study of Classical Nahuatl has occupied philologists and historians over several centuries, and much work continues to be done on it.
		Classical Nahuatl was written before the arrival of the Europeans by a partially ideographic writing system, and some documents have been preserved which give us examples of that writing.
	www.sil.org /MEXICO/nahuatl/clasico/00ai-NahuatlClasico-nci.htm (0 words)

	Teaching Nahuatl Language Through Song and Dance
		Classical Náhuatl is classified under the Southern Uto-Aztecan group whose progenitor is Uto-Aztecan.
		By 1833 Classical Náhuatl was determined to be "extinct" according to the Summer Institute of Linguistics' documentation (Grimes, 1996).
		Scholars of Náhuatl are accustomed to talk about "Classical Náhuatl" and "the modern dialects." This implies a gulf between immediately post-conquest Náhuatl and what is spoken today; yet the people who speak Náhuatl today are the descendants of the people who spoke it five centuries ago.
	www2.nau.edu /~jar/TIL_7.html (0 words)

	Nahuatl
		Nahuatl (pronounced in two syllables, NA-watl ['na.watЕ‚]) is a term applied to some members of the Aztecan or Nahuan sub-branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family.
		Nahuatl is still the most widely spoken group of Native American languages in Mexico; however, most of the speakers of Nahuatl are bilingual, having a working knowledge of the Spanish language.
		In fact, in the past, a significant number of the Nahuatl speakers outside the Valley of Mexico were bilingual in languages other than Spanish, speaking both Nahuatl and, as their own mother tongue, some other indigenous language.
	www.governpub.com /Languages-N/Nahuatl.php (2003 words)

	Jordan: Brief Note on Nahuatl
		Nahuatl is a language spoken in south-central Mexico.
		Although there are still speakers of Nahuatl, it is probably safe to say that all but the most elderly among them are bilingual in Spanish, and in general, later Nahuatl shows influence of Spanish as well as a continuing evolution of trends that were already going on in early Nahuatl.
		HU and UH are both pronounced W. H without an adjacent U represents a "silent" glottal stop (as in go_over); in modern Nahuatl it sometimes has a sound similar to an English H and may have had that value in some dialects of Classical Nahuatl as well.
	weber.ucsd.edu /~dkjordan/nahuatl/nahuatl.html (0 words)

	What is Nahuatl?
		Nahuatl is most well known as the historical language of the Aztecs, but the form of the language they spoke is more accurately referred to as Classical Nahuatl.
		However, due to the extensive power exercised by the Aztecs at the height of the empire, Classical Nahuatl became the most widely spoken version and was used as a lingua franca throughout Mexico and other Mesoamerican countries prior to the European conquest.
		Classical Nahuatl is also the most documented early Nahuatl dialect, as extensive written records and translations exist from the colonial period.
	www.wisegeek.com /what-is-nahuatl.htm (447 words)

	Learning Nahuatl
		There are plenty of Nahuatl dictionaries, but unfortunately the majority of these were written several centuries ago by Catholic missionaries for purposes of evangelization, and therefore are not the most useful in order to understand the modern state of the language.
		This dictionary dates to the end of the 19th century and contains a "classic" vocabulary that is updated with syncretic words used at the time the dictionary was assembled (a favorite: "mahomacalli" for a mozque).
		Cuentos en nahuatl de Guerrero is a series of short folk stories in Nahuatl and Spanish available through the Summer Institute of Linguistics.
	www.public.iastate.edu /~rjsalvad/scmfaq/nahuatl.html (0 words)

	[No title]
		This course is focused on teaching students the dialect of Nahuatl spoken in Ameyaltepec, Guerrero.
		Periodic readings (available in a course packet) will be assigned to situate Nahuatl within the Uto-Aztecan language family, to further explore specific points of Nahuatl grammar and dialectology, to provide students with texts in classical, colonial and modern Nahuatl, and to treat questions and problems of translation.
		Nahuatl Grammar and Exercises from Ameyaltepec, Guerrero (photocopy).
	www.yale.edu /sfli/nahuatlsyllabus.html (2028 words)

	Words Without Borders
		He is fluent in Classical Náhuatl, which differs greatly from the language spoken in most of the states of México, Puebla, Guerrero, and Veracruz.
		Classical Náhuatl includes the honorific suffix (tzin) when speaking to adults, a holdover from the formality of pre-Hispanic society in the Valley of México.
		The formality is easily recognizable in a man like Silva, who is personally very warm, likes to make jokes, but has not abandoned the character of those Nahuas who are said to have fled Tenochtitlan after the Spanish conquest and made a place for themselves in the mountains south of the city.
	www.wordswithoutborders.org /article.php?lab=ElTemascal (1156 words)

	Welcome to Adobe GoLive 6
		In the south, members of the Nahuatl family are spoken as far south as Nicaragua and El Salvador.
		The most famous of these is Classical Nahuatl, the language of the Aztec Empire of central Mexico.
		Nahuatl is known world-wide because of the Aztecs, also called the "Mexica" (pronounced approximately "may-she-kah").
	www.mexicantextiles.com /grouppages/groups/nahuabalsas/silnahua.html (521 words)

	Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, With Copious Examples and Texts, Grammar of the Mexican Language, ...
		Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, With Copious Examples and Texts, Grammar of the Mexican Language, With an Explanation of its Adverbs (1645)
		Among the most notable are J. Richard Andrews's Introduction to Classical Nahuatl (1975), works by Michel Launey and Una Canger, and a 1983 photo reproduction of the 1645 edition by the prestigious Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mexico.
		These constitute a large part of the extant Nahuatl corpus and many of the most striking pieces were co-authored by literate Nahuas.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3686/is_200212/ai_n9148227 (799 words)

	au-whole
		A Morphological Dictionary of Classical Nahuatl, A Morpheme Index to the vocabulario en lengua mexicana y castellana of Fray Alonso de Molina.
		Nahuatl direct and mediated possession: a historical explanation for irregularities.
		Toward assessing the phoneticity of older Nahuatl texts: Analysis of a document from the Valley of Toluca, 18th Century.
	www.ruf.rice.edu /~copelan/uabibliography/au-whole.htm (6943 words)

	Amazon.fr : Introduction to Classical Nahuatl: Livres en anglais: J. Richard Andrews,Richard J. Andrews (Site not responding. Last check: )
		For many years, J. Richard Andrews’s "Introduction to Classical Nahuatl" has been the standard reference work for scholars and students of Nahuatl, the language used by the ancient Aztecs and the Nahua Indians of Central Mexico.
		In particular, Andrews emphasizes the nonexistence of words in Nahuatl (except for the few so-called particles) and stresses the nuclear clause as the basis for Nahuatl linguistic organization.
		J. Richard Andrews, Professor Emeritus of Anthropology and of Spanish and Portuguese at Vanderbilt University, is considered the foremost living authority on the Classical Nahuatl language.
	amazon.fr /Introduction-Classical-Nahuatl-Richard-Andrews/dp/0806134526 (468 words)

	Nahuatl resources -
		No modern dialects are identical with that of Classical Nahuatl, but those spoken in and around the Valley of Mexico are more closely related to it than are peripheral ones.
		More Nahuatl words found in the English vocabulary include: avocado: from ahuacatl (fruit); aztec: from azteca(tl) (race, sing.); cacao: from cacahuatl (fruit/nut); chilli: from chilli (vegetable); chocolate: from xocolatl (drink); coyote: from coyotl (dog, mammal); tomato: from (xi)tomatl (fruit/berry); mesquite: from mizquitl (tree); ocelot: from ocelotl (mammal).
		Aztecs), it was not only spoken by the Aztecs but also their predecessors (the Colhua, Tecpanec, Acolhua, and the famous Toltecs in one interpretation of the term).
	www.referensics.com /N/Nahuatl.php (1802 words)

	Nahuatl Translation Service - English to Nahuatl Translation
		You probably don't speak Nahuatl yourself, so there are a few questions you'll need to consider when choosing a translation company.
		To ensure our translators keep abreast of the language our Nahuatl translators live in-county and translate into their mother tongue.
		Professional translators whose native language is English and speak fluent Nahuatl perform our Nahuatl to English translation.
	www.appliedlanguage.com /languages/nahuatl_translation.shtml (0 words)

	Welcome to the University of Oklahoma Press - home
		For many years, J. Richard Andrews’s Introduction to Classical Nahuatl has been the standard reference work for scholars and students of Nahuatl, the language used by the ancient Aztecs and the Nahua Indians of Central Mexico.
		In particular, Andrews emphasizes the nonexistence of words in Nahuatl (except for the few so-called particles) and stresses the nuclear clause as the basis for Nahuatl linguistic organization.
		Richard Andrews, Professor Emeritus of Anthropology and of Spanish and Portuguese at Vanderbilt University, is considered the foremost living authority on the Classical Nahuatl language.
	www.oupress.com /bookdetail.asp?isbn=0-8061-3452-6 (0 words)

	Ethnologue report for language code:nci
		Bartholomew, Doris A. Review of: Introduction to classical Nahuatl, by J. Richard Andrews.
		Bartholomew, Doris A. Review of: Introduction to classical Nahuatl: Workbook, by J. Richard Andrews.
		This web edition of the Ethnologue contains all the content of the print edition and may be cited as:
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=nci (89 words)

	Nahuatl (Aztec) language courses, dictionaries, grammars and other books
		- this book is the most influential work ever published on Nahuatl grammar and remains an essential work of reference for the student of the language.
		- a workbook of exercises to accompany Introduction to Classical Nahuatl.
		This book also contains English translations of the Nahuatl and Spanish texts, together with reproductions of the numerous illustrations from the Codex.
	www.omniglot.com /books/language/nahuatl.htm (335 words)

	Nahua Newsletter 4
		It is a typological study of 92 sites of present-day Nahuatl which includes the original data in order to make it available to researchers who may wish to interpret it for their own purposes.
		From this corpus, Eisinger and Campbell are compiling a Nahuatl Word-Index to the Florentine Codex, and Campbell and Mary Clayton (Spanish and Portuguese, Indiana University) are preparing a concordance for use in constructing a Dictionary of the Florentine Codex.
		Interested in history of Nahuatl literature and the developments from Classical Nahuatl to contemporary dialects, and in the social history of Classical Nahuatl.
	www.ipfw.edu /soca/Nahua4.html (4174 words)

	au _a-b
		Remarks on causatives and applicatives in Classical Nahuatl.
		A study of the Nahuatl spoken in the area of Orizaba, Veracruz.
		The Coyote and the Rabbit, A Nahuatl text from Rafael Delgado, Veracruz, narrated by Victor Hernandez de Jesus, based on a story composed by Ronald Langacker.
	www.ruf.rice.edu /~copelan/uabibliography/au__a-b.htm (1198 words)

	THE CHAPALA REVIEW - A LAKE CHAPALA, MEXICO, MONTHLY NEWSPAPER. ARTICLE: Languages & Place Names of the Chapala Valley (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Another related Nahuatl language was Sayultec, spoken to the south and southwest of Lake Chapala.
		These included the Classical Nahuatl spoken by the Aztecs of Mexico-Tenochtitlan at the time of the Conquest in 1521.
		This, along with other Nahuatl names that occur further, demonstrates the interconnection of this and other related languages within the larger Uto-Aztecan family.
	www.mexconnect.com /amex/chaprev/cprv08012.html (884 words)

	SAVAE: The Unabridged Interview: Early Music America Magazine
		Since many of the texts to the pieces in our Guadalupe programs were written in Classical Nahuatl, it became essential to learn how it was pronounced if we were to give an historically credible performance.
		Classical Nahuatl was the court speech of the noblility at the time of the Conquest, and it is no longer in use today.
		Fortunately, as I mentioned earlier, a number of Nahuatl dictionaries were produced by Spanish lexicographers in the 16th century, and these have been invaluable source books for Nahuatl linguistic studies for over four centuries.
	www.savae.org /emmaginterview.html (3299 words)

	Making Dictionaries: CONTRIBUTORS
		Among her published works are articles on field methods, linguistic data, aspects of various Nahuatl dialects, and a volume entitled Five Studies Inspired by Nahuatl verbs in -oa.
		Her current research is on the Nahuatl dialect area called the "Western Periphery" in central and western Mexico.
		He taught at NEH Summer Institutes on Nahuatl at the University of Texas-Austin in the summers of 1989 and 1992, in addition to a summer course at the University of Chicago in 1996.
	www.ucpress.edu /books/pages/9489/9489.contrib.html (2540 words)

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