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Topic: Classical test theory

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Psychometrics

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	Classical test theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Classical test theory is a body of related psychometric theory that predict outcomes of psychological testing such as the difficulty of items or the ability of test-takers.
		Classical test theory is concerned with the relations between the three variables X, T, and E in the population.
		Classical test theory is relevant only at the level of populations, not at the level of individuals.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Classical_test_theory (1135 words)

	Classical test theory -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Classical test theory is a body of related (additional info and facts about psychometric) psychometric theory that predict outcomes of psychological (The act of testing something) testing such as the difficulty of items or the ability of test-takers.
		Generally speaking, the aim of classical test theory is to understand and improve the (The trait of being dependable or reliable) reliability of psychological tests.
		Classical test theory is concerned with the relations between the three variables,, and in the population.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/cl/classical_test_theory.htm (1146 words)

	Psychometrics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Psychometrics is the field of study concerned with the theory and technique of psychological measurement, which includes the measurement of knowledge, abilities, attitudes, and personality traits.
		Internal consistency may be assessed by correlating performance on two halves of a test (split-half reliability); the value of the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient is adjusted with the Spearman-Brown prediction formula to correspond to the correlation between two full-length tests.
		Scores derived by classical test theory do not have this characteristic, and assessment of actual ability (rather than ability relative to other test-takers) must be assessed by comparing scores to those of a norm group randomly selected from the population.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Psychometrics (1911 words)

	Classical Test Theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Classical test theory is nearly a century old; Charles Spearman laid its foundation in a paper in 1904 in which he introduced the decomposition of an observed score into a true score and an error and showed how to estimate the reliability of observed scores.
		Though classical test theory was expanded enormously in the first fifty years of its existence and many properties of test scores were derived from it, we had to wait until Novick (1966) before its logical structure became clear.
		An important generalization of classical test theory is generalizability theory, which allows us to decompose observed scores into components that represent the impact of systematic factors, such as raters or test conditions, on scores.
	www.apnet.com /refer/measure/Outlines/classical_test_theory.htm (309 words)

	Encyclopedia: Classical test theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The words test and testing have many meanings: Testing or experimentation forms part of the scientific method, to verify or falsify an already-formed expectation with an observation In manufacturing, quality control testing consists of a procedure designed to test the functionality of a product under potentially harmful conditions.
		// Overview Item Response Theory (IRT) designates a body of related psychometric theory that provides a foundation for stating and testing the hypothesis that, upon interaction between a given person and assessment item in a particular empirical context, the probability of a discrete item response is governed by the location of...
		Originally a standardized test was simply a standard test – of academic achievement or of knowledge in a specific academic or vocational domain.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Classical-test-theory (1329 words)

	Item Response Theory
		This is a modern test theory (as opposed to classical test theory).
		It is not the only modern test theory, but it is the most popular one and is currently an area of active research.
		In classical test theory, the final estimate is defined in terms of the total score on the test, and the confidence interval is a function of the standard error of measurement (i.e.,
	luna.cas.usf.edu /~mbrannic/files/pmet/irt.htm (3088 words)

	Measurement theories (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The theory assumes that traits are constant and the variation in observed scores are caused by random errors, which resulted from numerous factors such as guessing and fatigue.
		IRT is also called latent trait theory because the theory assumes the existence of a latent trait, which is a tester characteristic that leads to a consistent performance on a test.
		It was argued that most tests used in ABC favored green people but biased against blue people, because green people were the majority and the tests were based on their language and culture.
	seamonkey.ed.asu.edu /~alex/teaching/WBI/measurement.html (2101 words)

	Learn more about Psychometrics in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		More recently psychometric theory has been used in measurement of personality, attitudes and beliefs, academic achievement, and in health related fields, to measure quality of life.
		The key concepts of classical test theory are reliability and validity.
		In fact, all measures derived from classical test theory are dependent on the sample tested, while those derived from item response theory are not.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /p/ps/psychometrics.html (659 words)

	Health and Quality of Life Outcomes \| Full text \| Classical test theory versus Rasch analysis for quality of life ...
		The classical index of discrimination was obtained by calculating the corrected item-total correlation coefficients (r) for each item with its hypothetical scale [3].
		Following the basics assumptions of CTT [3,4], a summary score of the reduced questionnaire was obtained by summing and averaging the scores of their component dimensions.
		To avoid criticism of the procedures chosen to examine the CTT approach, the decision was based on previously published studies [27].
	www.hqlo.com /content/1/1/27 (6647 words)

	Generalizability Theory
		Classical Test Theory is a special case of Generalizability Theory in which error is unitary.
		In classical test theory, we have true scores and (a single) error.
		Generalizability theory is a statistical theory of measurement that expands classical test theory to include multiple sources of error and explicitly connects measurement operations to the purpose of measurement.
	luna.cas.usf.edu /~mbrannic/files/pmet/gen1.htm (662 words)

	Item Response Theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The majority of practice was based upon the classical test theory classical test theory developed during the 1920s.
		However, a new test theory had been developing over the past forty years that was conceptually more powerful than classical test theory.
		While the basic concepts of item response theory were, and are, straightforward, the underlying mathematics was somewhat advanced compared to that of classical test theory.
	edres.org /irt/baker (961 words)

	Educational Psychology 592 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The purpose of this course is to help students of education and psychology understand the history behind testing, classical test theory, and applications of classical test theory to the real world of testing.
		The purpose of the test review project is to give you a chance to become familiar with two tests that are used in your field.
		Finally, if you already know of a test you want to research but it is not in any of the files at UW, you may be able to get copies of the test and technical information from the authors.
	depts.washington.edu /ncate/library/syllabi/edpsy/592.html (1276 words)

	Instructor Class Description (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Theory of measurement; an examination of assumptions involved in test theory, errors of measurement, factors affecting reliability and validity, and item analysis and standards for educational and psychological tests.
		Students will learn classical test theory and the implications of classical test theory for strategies we use to gather evidence for the reliability of test and assessment scores as well as the validity of score interpretation and use.
		Mid-term exam is 15% of grade; Item-test analysis is 25% of grade; Test review project is 35% of grade; contribution to small group work is 10% of grade; one thought paper over history of classical test theory is 15% of grade.
	www.washington.edu /students/icd/S/edpsy/592ctaylor.html (281 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		For example when reviewing the test, you need to provide the items, describe the technical information regarding evidence for the reliability and validity of the test scores as well as studies that have been done to assess the bias of items or test scores, and critique the test from the literature and your own thinking.
		For test construction, you need to provide the theoretical framework for your constructs, the items you develop, pilot your items with a reasonable sample size, and examine and discuss the reliability and validity of the test scores.
		Some test information is available in the Curriculum Library at Suzzallo, I have information about several standardized achievement tests, you may have to look in journals, contact test companies, or talk to faculty in your field who know where to obtain information about the tests you choose to review.
	students.washington.edu /takauw/592syllabus.doc (1451 words)

	MEASUREMENT IN EDUCATION: UNDERLYING THEORY
		The first part of the course focuses primarily on classical test theory, both theory and implications for test construction.
		In this study, the authors investigated the importance of occasion as a hidden sources of error variance in (a) estimates of dependability (generalizability) of science assessment scores and (b) the interchangeability of science test formats.
		Two science tests were developed to measure eighth-grade students’ knowledge of concepts related to electricity and electric circuits: a hands-on-assessment, which provided students with equipment to manipulate, and an analogous paper-and-pencil version.
	www.gseis.ucla.edu /courses/2004/ed211a/Syllabus.htm (1317 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Additional topics includ e test validity, item statistics useful in test construction, score scales and norms commonly used in educational testing, item bias and test bias, and ideas of fairness and equity in educational and psychological testing.
		The major extensions and altern a tives to classical test theory, generalizability theory and item response theory (latent trait theory), are briefly introduced.
		Although the focus of the course is on paper-and-pencil measures of cognitive abilities and aca d emic achievement, most of the concepts and methods developed apply equally to performance testing, as well as the assessment of attitudes and personality constructs, ratings based on systematic observations, and other kinds of assessments of individuals o r groups.
	www.stanford.edu /~dasears/252.Syl.Spr02.doc (1508 words)

	WebSearch - Test Theory
		The Turing Test, defined by Alan Turing in 1950 as the foundation of the philosophy of artificial intelligence.
		of the constructs of classical test theory could be expressed in terms of...
		the field of educational assessment was dominated by classical test theory.
	www.websearch.com /pages/TE12/Test+Theory.html (377 words)

	UNIVERSITY OF DENVER
		Understand and be able to apply concepts from psychometric theory, including item response theory, to understand measures.
		measure developed with either classical test theory or both classical test theory and item response theory in the content area of your choice (2-4 pages) and discuss the measure development process in class.
		Critique one published test that was developed with classical test theory or item response theory and reports measure development.
	www.du.edu /~psherry/EDUC4905.htm (521 words)

	Syllabus
		This course will introduce the student to some aspects of psychometric theory focusing on the development of valid and reliable questionnaires.
		Classical test theory, generalizability theory, and Item Response Theory (IRT) will be presented in this course.
		Topics to be covered in the assignments: Reliability, generalizability, item analysis using the classical procedure, item response theory, and validity.
	www.sph.uth.tmc.edu /courses/behsci/lmasse/ph1130/syallbus.htm (478 words)

	ERSH8610 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The emphasis of the course will be on both theoretical and practical issues of educational and psychological measurement under classical test theory.
		Following a review of basic ideas of measurement, tests, and statistical concepts, two major concepts of classical test theory, reliability and validity, will be discussed.
		The primary objective of the course is to sharpen the skill, sophistication, and intuition of the student in the interpretation of educational and psychological test data, and in the construction and use of tests as instruments of educational and psychological theory and as tools in the practical problems of selection, evaluation, and guidance.
	www.arches.uga.edu /~shkim/f04e861.htm (561 words)

	A Computer Program for Classical Item Analysis
		In the context of classical test theory (e.g., Gulliksen, 1950/1987) item analysis is performed in general for tests with multiple-choice items.
		In several past decades the field of educational measurement and psychometrics have witnessed the continual development, sophistication, and applications of the various models for item responses as well as transition of test theory and test construction practice.
		As test scoring results, a test score, the number of omitted items, the number of unreached items, and the number of invalid responses are available for each examinee.
	www.arches.uga.edu /~shkim/epm99.htm (1038 words)

	Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology : Development and validation of the job security index and the ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Current Article: Development and validation of the job security index and the job security satisfaction scale: a classical test theory and IRT approach.
		Start / J / Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology / December 01, 2003 / Development and validation of the job security index and the job security satisfaction scale: a classical test theory and IRT approach.
		Development and validation of the job security index and the job security satisfaction scale: a classical test theory and IRT approach.
	static.highbeam.com /j/journalofoccupationalandorganizationalpsychology/december012003/developmentandvalidationofthejobsecurityindexandth/index.html (323 words)

	Classical test theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The course in classical test theory covers both theoretical and practical aspects of psychometric test and item analysis.
		interpretations and uses of statistical test characteristics such as mean test score, standard error of measurement and the reliability of test scores;
		All concepts will be exemplified by means of table and graphical output from the computer programme TiaPlus, a modern and extensive programme for performing test and item analysis according to classical test theory.
	www.cito.nl /i_course/ctt/info.htm (168 words)

	classical test theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Now that we have a basic grounding in classical test theory, we need to begin to examine some principles and see which if any are going to apply to alternative assessment.
		Given our discussion last night and the way reliability is often defined in classical test theory, what do you think the effect is of adding or deleting items from an assessment on reliability?
		Be ready to talk about why you think this.
	www.coe.ohio-state.edu /wloadman/altassessment/00000010.htm (119 words)

	IngentaConnect How Should Classical Test Theory Have Defined Validity? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Classical test theory defined the predictive validity of a test as the ordinary Pearson correlation between scores on the test and scores on a validation criterion.
		For some purposes this definition is satisfactory, but for others it leads to complications, because derivation of familiar equations relating validity and reliability requires an independent assumption of uncorrelated errors of measurement.
		The present paper proposes an alternate definition of validity that avoids difficulties arising from correlated error scores and is more consistent with standard definitions of true score, error score, and reliability in the classical theory.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/klu/soci/1998/00000045/F0030001/00183166 (180 words)

	Using Classical Test Theory in Combination with Item Response Theory -- Bechger et al. 27 (5): 319 -- Applied ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Using Classical Test Theory in Combination with Item Response Theory -- Bechger et al.
		This study is about relations between classical test theory
		though a test was not administered to the intended population.
	apm.sagepub.com /cgi/content/short/27/5/319 (132 words)

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