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Topic: Claudia Severa

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Vindolanda

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	Table of Contents and Excerpt, Kleiner and Matheson, I Claudia II
		Claudia Pulchra was among these unfortunate associates, and was convicted on charges of adultery and treason, brought against her by Sejanus.
		Claudia Parata, for example, a freedwoman, possibly of the emperor Claudius, served as a hairdresser in the imperial household.
		The mythical Claudia Quinta was miraculously vindicated, however, by the goddess Cybele, who gave the woman strength to haul a ship bearing the goddess's image up the Tiber to her temple on the Palatine; Claudia Quinta thus became an enduring model in antiquity for the chaste and noble woman.
	www.utexas.edu /utpress/excerpts/exklei2p.html (6230 words)

	[No title]
		It is quite certain that the author is Severa herself, adding a brief message and the closing greeting in her own hand as she also does in 292 and 293.
		He has apparently agreed and Severa intends to make the visit, perhaps saying that there are essential matters which she does not want to deal with by correspondence (see a.i.4 note).
		It remains uncertain whether Briga was the home base of Brocchus and Severa; the fact that Severa explicitly states her intention to remain there might suggest that Lepidina would not necessarily expect her to be there.
	www.let.kun.nl /v.hunink/ONDERWIJS/documents/EPISTOL_Vindolanda.doc (11381 words)

	Diotima
		These letters are on thin strips of wood and written in ink.
		The first part of the text, a birthday invitation, was written by a professional scribe but lines 11-14 were probably written by Claudia Severa herself (as one often adds a personal message to a card or invitation), making this possibly the earliest actual identifiable example of a woman's handwriting in Latin.
		"Be well, so may I be well." Claudia then uses have (instead of the usual vale) as her closing (or valediction).
	www.stoa.org /diotima/dfr/dfr-severa.shtml (250 words)

	Brown Classical Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		This ability to change the existing pattern for emphasis or other use, or merely understanding that the word order can be changed without completely changing the meaning, demonstrates a high level of literacy, and such literacy among the common troops illustrates a highly educated society.
		Claudia Severa was the wife of Aelius Brocchus, who was writing to Sulpicia Lepindina, wife of Flavius Cerialis.
		Severa invites Lepindina to visit for her birthday, and sends greetings to Lepindina’s husband, Ceralis.
	www.brown.edu /Departments/Classics/bcj/15-05.html (4093 words)

	Roman Britain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		On 11th Sep., sister, for the day of the celebration of my birthday, I give you a warm invitation to make sure that you come to us, to make the day more enjoyable for me by your arrival, if [you are present?].
		Severa's letter written by a scribe, but she may have composed it.
		Youngest wife known from inscr is Claudia Martina @19.
	www.lamp.ac.uk /~noy/roman15.htm (1972 words)

	McManus Images Index IX
		The relief depicts Claudia Quinta, whose story is told by Ovid (Fasti 4.247-348), using an infula (a sacred band) tied to the ship's rostrum (beak) to pull the ship Salvia that bears the image of the Magna Mater which came from Phrygia in Asia Minor.
		model of the Aqua Claudia aqueduct and surrounding area; (plastico of Rome in the fourth century CE The view includes the Temple of the Deified Claudius, the Colosseum, and the Bather of Trajan.
		The letter was sent by Claudia Severa, wife of Aelius Brocchus, to Sulpicia Lepidina, wife of Flavius Cerealis, Prefect of the ninth cohort of Batavians stationed at the Roman fort in Vindolanda, Britain; the letter invites Lepidina to attend Severa's birthday party.
	www.vroma.org /images/mcmanus_images/index9.html (1829 words)

	Focus Publishing ~ Latin Letters
		Many favorite letters are here, from Cicero's birth announcement for his son, to Claudia Severa's party invitation from Vindoland.
		Authors represented are Cicero, Seneca, Pliny, Augustus, Cornelia, Claudia Severa, Vergil, Sidonius, and Ausonius.
		Claudia Severa: Vindolanda Letter: Please come to my birthday party.
	www.pullins.com /Books/01982LatinLetters.htm (802 words)

	CSAD Newsletter No. 9
		The fifth element of the programme is the creation of a website consisting of texts and images of the Vindolanda ink writing-tablets.
		TV II 291: Letter from Claudia Severa to Sulpicia Lepidina, wife of the prefect Cerialis, inviting Lepidina to her birthday celebration; this text from the Vindolanda archive, with a closing greeting in Severa's own hand, preserves one of the earliest known examples of writing in Latin by a woman
		The compilation of an archive of high-resolution digital images of the tablets, in collaboration with the British Museum, which owns the tablets, is now almost complete and has already led to significant advances in the reading of the tablets.
	www.csad.ox.ac.uk /CSAD/Newsletters/Newsletter9/Newsletter9a.html (1153 words)

	Vindolanda Relief Fund
		Located in the north of England near Hadrian's Wall, it has for many years been home to serious scholarship, including the discovery of many written documents from Roman Britain.
		It was here that the famed "birthday invitation," from Claudia Severa was found, the earliest preserved instance of writing in Latin by a woman.
		Other work at Vindolanda has uncovered fascinating collections of Roman Empire shoes and cloth, greatly adding to the known store of information on these items.
	www.novaroma.org /aerarium_saturni/vindolanda (626 words)

	WRW Companion Bibliography
		Susan B. Matheson, "The Divine Claudia: Women as Goddesses in Roman Art." The catalog also includes genealogy charts (Augustus and the Julio-Claudian dynasty; Trajan, Hadrian, and the Antonine dynasty; and the Severan dynasty); a glossary, suggestions for further reading; and a selected bibliography.
		I, Claudia II: Women in Roman art and society.
		The essays are illustrated with a number of b/w photos.
	www.cnr.edu /home/araia/bibliography.html (3234 words)

	Current Archaeology book reviews (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The book paints a detailed picture of two Roman auxiliary regiments, the 9th Cohort of Batavians and the 1st Cohort of Tungrians.
		Among the 400 named officers and personnel, the Batvian prefect Flavius Cerialis features prominently, together with his wife Sulpicia Lepidina, who received the now famous birthday party invitation from her friend Claudia Severa, wife of Cerialis' colleague and fellow hunting enthusiast Aelius Brocchus.
		In addition to covering officers and families, friends and colleagues, this book brings to life the ordinary soldiers and their names and duties; military routine, duty-reports, leave and deserters; the supply of food, drink and other goods; merchants and contractors; visitors and entertainment as well as day-to-day enthusiasms as varied as hunting and religion.
	www.archaeology.co.uk /books/books.asp?book=garrison&fr=ord (246 words)

	Vindolanda -- Additional Resources
		Information Britain: Vindolanda -- A brief description of the site, an aerial image, and information of use to visitors.
		Vindolanda Letter of Claudia Severa -- From the Diotima web site (Materials for the Study of Women and Gender in the Ancient World).
		Latin text and English translation of a letter found at Vindolanda that may be the "earliest actual identifiable example of a woman's handwriting in Latin."
	iam.classics.unc.edu /loci/207/207_res.html (122 words)

	The British Museum: The Oldest Writing in a Woman’s Hand? - MY LONDON YOUR LONDON
		It is one of the Vindolanda tablets, the hoard of letters found in the fort of that name on Hadrian’s Wall that preserves the details of the everyday life of the garrison and their wives.
		This is a letter from Claudia Severa, wife of Aelius Brochus, the Vindolanda fort commander, to Sulpicia Lepidina, wife of the commander of a neighbouring fort.
		Most of the invitation to the birthday party is written by the garrison scribe, no doubt to Claudia’s dictation - his hand can be identified from other examples - but there’s a three-line personal note on the end in which Claudia adds a personal touch:
	mylondonyourlondon.com /?p=7 (416 words)

	ntsyllabus2 - Faculty - Sewanee :: The University of the South (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Happily, we actually have the original MS., addressed (on the outside): “To Sulpicia Lepidina, wife of Flavius Cerialis; from Severa.” The text clearly shows the basic form of the Hellenistic letter.1
		Claudia Severa to her Cl. Severae Lepidinae suae
		On Claudia Severa’s letter to Sulpicia Lepidina, see Alan K. Bowman and J. David Thomas, “New Texts from Vindola,” Brittania 18 (1987): 125-42, especially 137-40; for background see further Alan K. Bowman, Life and Letters on the Roman Frontier: Vindolanda and Its People (London: British Museum Press, 1994 / New York: Routledge, 1998), especially 51–99.
	theology.sewanee.edu /faculty/ntsyllabus2 (7888 words)

	Vindolanda writing tablet number 291
		This diptych contains a letter to Sulpicia Lepidina from Claudia Severa, wife of Aelius Brocchus, sending Lepidina a warm invitation to visit her for her (Severa's) birthday (on the celebration of birthdays by private individuals see
		It is quite certain that the author is Severa herself, adding a brief message and the closing greeting in her own hand as she also does in
		On the right-hand half of the diptych there may well be the foot of an oblique stroke after
	vindolanda.csad.ox.ac.uk /Search/tablet-xml-files/291.xml (1033 words)

	Muton: April 2006
		The famous birthday party initation from Claudia Severa to Lepidina
		Just found this via ABZU: Vindolanda tablets online, This is a collection of the texts found on wooden tablets at the vindolanda roman fort on hadrian's wall.
		This is a paragraph of text that could go in the sidebar.
	muton.blogspot.com /2006_04_01_muton_archive.html (2160 words)

	Interactive Dig Sagalassos 2003 - Upper Agora Report 2
		In Flavian times, Tiberius Claudius Dareius' grandson, Tiberius Claudius Piso, would become Sagalassos' first Roman knight and introduce the Klareian games in the city (see Lower Agora - Hadrianic Nymphaeum, August 10-16).
		Tiberius Claudius Neon's granddaughter Claudia Severa, together with her brothers, erected a monument to Trajan near the stadium and married the scion of Sagalassos' second grand family, Titus Flavius Neon, another Roman knight, who introduced the imperial cult in the city.
		Their grandson, Titus Flavius Severianus Neon, who dedicated a library to the memory of his ancestors and possibly also initiated the construction of the Roman Baths, must have been the richest man ever to live at Sagalassos (he lived in Hadrianic times).
	www.archaeology.org /interactive/sagalassos/field/2upper.html (584 words)

	British Archaeology magazine, March 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Many of the texts have been published in two academic corpus volumes, and a third is awaited.
		A number of popular books and booklets featuring some of the tablets have also appeared, and spectacular finds, like the famous invitation to the birthday party of Claudia Severa, have been reported in the press.
		In this new and comprehensive book, Prof Anthony Birley, brother of the excavator, weaves together the texts with the history and archaeology of the site, in particular highlighting the archaeological context of the finds.
	www.britarch.ac.uk /ba/ba69/book.shtml (2380 words)

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