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Topic: Clay earth pigment

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Red ochre

Ochre

Goethite

	Umber - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Umber is a natural brown clay pigment which contains iron and manganese oxides.
		The name derives from Umbria, a mountainous region of central Italy, but it is found in many parts of the world.
		It has been used as a pigment since prehistoric times.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Umber (131 words)

	Green Earth/Terre Verte (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Green earth pigment, also widely known as terre verte, in its dry, powder form is a green color about the same as this background.
		Earth pigments, and green earth in particular, are often described as the most permanent colors.
		On the color wheel, the hue of green earth is the approximate complement to the pink used by medieval painters.
	www.sewanee.edu /chem/Chem&Art/Detail_Pages/Pigments/Green_Earth (868 words)

	Natural Red Earth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Earth pigments are inorganic and derived from mineral sources, river beds, and volcanic areas.
		Earth pigments can also be manufactured synthetically, and often are due to the high cost of transportation.
		The principle earth colors have been used since the dawn of man. In the Paleolithic and Primitive Cultures, natural red earths were used in cave paintings and for ritualistic purposes; specifically death ceremonies, because the red color can easily symbolize blood.
	www.sewanee.edu /chem/Chem&Art/Detail_Pages/Pigments/Red_Earth (1264 words)

	Sienna - TheBestLinks.com - Italy, Iron, Precambrian, Renaissance, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		As a natural pigment, it (along with its chemical cousins ochre and umber) was one of the first pigments to be used by humans, and is found in many cave paintings.
		The difference is in the process applied to burnt sienna, which is raw sienna heated to remove the water from the clay and redden its brownish colour.
		The name derives from the most notable Renaissance location for the earth, Siena, Italy, and is short for terra di Sienna, "earth of Sienna".
	www.thebestlinks.com /Sienna.html (268 words)

	Gamblin Artists Colors - Earth Colors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Found all over the earth in various shades of brown and muted shades of red, orange, yellow and green, earth colors have been on artists' palettes for more than 40,000 years.
		Natural earth pigments often have uneven color and must be washed and processed into small particle sizes.
		Known as an "earth pigment" because it was dug out of the ground, Van Dyke Brown was actually organic, derived from coarse peat.
	www.gamblincolors.com /materials/earths.html (1221 words)

	Red ochre - Biocrawler definition:Red ochre - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Ochre was one of the first pigments to be used by human beings.
		In Germanic rune lore, red ochre was often used in place of blood to redden, or tint, the runes and thereby instilling the spirit of life into the rune, enabling it to be used for magical purposes.
		Ochre was a popular coloring in France during the time of the French Empire, and many French citizens in living in foreign colonies would import a great deal of ochre clay from France to make their new lands feel like home.
	www.biocrawler.com /biowiki/Red_ochre (423 words)

	Goethite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		It forms needle-like crystals, and is not generally considered very interesting as a mineral specimen; its main use is as an iron ore, being referred to as brown iron ore.
		It does have some use as a clay earth pigment.
		It is frequently encountered in the swampy areas at the head of spring waters, and on the bottom of lakes and small creeks.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/G/Goethite.htm (356 words)

	Veronica Hadarag - Best of Sicily Magazine
		Canvas is stretched over a hardwood (bass, oak, poplar) panel and given several coats of gesso, a substance similar to plaster, made from chalk or marble dust mixed with rabbit skin glue.
		Then red "clay" (or "earth" pigment) is applied to the areas where gold leaf will cover the surface, and also to edges and other areas which will not be covered by colour.
		The basic lines of the images are traced onto the white sections of the surface and painted in opaque tones in egg tempera.
	www.bestofsicily.com /mag/art76.htm (634 words)

	Ochre - Art History Online Reference and Guide
		Ochre (pronounced OAK-ur, from the Greek ochros, yellow) is a color, usually described as golden-yellow or light yellow brown.
		All are prehistoric, and are some of oldest pigments used.
		Red Ochre, Yellow ochre, and Brown ochre, from Pigments through the ages.
	www.arthistoryclub.com /art_history/Ocher (180 words)

	[No title]
		If you have a separate pigment, add 1 cup or more of the remaining water to the pigment container and stir well to create a smooth, thick paste.
		Mist with water any American Clay Earth Plaster that was used to tape the seams.
		Lightly mist the first coat of earth plaster with water and apply the second coat.
	www.buildingforhealth.com /tech/ac_board.html (930 words)

	CIA - The World Factbook -- Field Listing - Natural resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		nickel, uranium, rare earth oxides, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum, vanadium, arable land, hydropower, niobium, tantalum, gold, tin, tungsten, kaolin, limestone
		salt, basalt rock, limestone, kaolin, fish, clay, gypsum
		copper, pyrites, asbestos, gypsum, timber, salt, marble, clay earth pigment
	www.cia.gov /cia/publications/factbook/fields/2111.html (1999 words)

	Earth Pigment Painting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Review the information about how Velarde makes paint by grinding up rocks, clay and other natural materials.
		1) Students will develop an awareness of the many different colors of earth.
		3) Draw a simple design that you might want to paint in earth pigments in each quarter.
	www.heard.org /rain/art2/earth.html (214 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Highways: 10,780 km total; 5,170 km paved; 5,610 km gravel, crushed stone, and earth
		satellite earth stations - 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT, 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT and EUTELSAT earth stations
		Branches: Greek area - Greek Cypriot National Guard (GCNG; including air and naval elements), Greek Cypriot Police; Turkish area - Turkish Cypriot Security Force
	www.kypros.org /Documents/CIA/92.html (1117 words)

	CIA World Factbook 1995: Cyprus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		unpaved: gravel, crushed stone, earth 4,754 km (1992)
		Telephone system: 210,000 telephones; excellent in both the area controlled by the Cypriot Government (Greek area), and in the Turkish-Cypriot administered area; largely open-wire and microwave radio relay
		international: international service by tropospheric scatter, 3 submarine cables, and 2 INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 EUTELSAT earth station
	www.hri.org /docs/CIA/Cyprus95.html (1626 words)

	Cyprus
		DDomestic: open wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay
		International: international service by tropospheric scatter, 3 submarine cables; 3 INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean), 2 EUTELSAT, 2 Intersputnik and 1 Arabsat earth station
		Broadcast stations: AM 11, FM 8, shortwave 0
	www.fortunecity.com /bally/waterford/96/cy.htm (1518 words)

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