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	Hydrated Bentonite Clay Minerals - Edible Montmorillonite
		The chemistry of clays is also a specialty field, especially studying clay as a colloid.
		I've read that clay can increase weight gain in animals, so when someone on a support group says they are too thin and want to put on weight, I tell them about Celiac, but I also tell them about clay.
		recently bought a hydrated bentonite clay to use with psyllium, i read comments about a difference between sodium bentonite and calcium bentonite, it doesn't say wut kind it is on my bottle.
	www.eytonsearth.org /bentonite.html (0 words)

	Nomenclature clay minerals
		Because of their small particle sizes and variable degrees of crystal perfection, it is not surprising that clay minerals proved extremely difficult to characterize adequately prior to the development of modern analytical techniques.
		Probably the earliest attempt by clay scientists to reach agreement on nomenclature and classification on an international basis was at the International Soil Congress held in Amsterdam in 1950 (Brindley et al., 1951).
		No general agreement has been reached yet as to preferred terminology for interstratified minerals, except that the material should be characterized fully as to degree of regularity or irregularity of the interstratification and that it should be described in terms of the nature and ratios of the component layers.
	www.minsocam.org /msa/collectors_corner/arc/nomenclaturecl1.htm (4085 words)

	Clay - New World Encyclopedia Preview
		Clay is a term used to describe a group of fine-grained, silicate minerals known as aluminum phyllosilicates, containing variable amounts of chemically associated water.
		Clay minerals are rich in silicon and aluminum oxides and hydroxides, and sometimes contain variable amounts of iron, magnesium, alkali metals, alkaline earths, and other cations.
		Clay minerals are common in fine-grained sedimentary rocks such as shale, mudstone, and siltstone, and in fine-grained metamorphic slate and phyllite.
	www.newworldencyclopedia.org /preview/Clay (992 words)

	THE CLAY GROUP
		The clay minerals are a part of a general but important group within the phyllosilicates that contain large percentages of water trapped between the silicate sheets.
		Clays are rarely found separately and are usually mixed not only with other clays but with microscopic crystals of carbonates, feldspars, micas and quartz.
		Clay minerals are divided into four major groups.
	mineral.galleries.com /minerals/silicate/clays.htm (913 words)

	Clay
		The principal clay mineral composing bentonite is smectite.
		Clay from another deposit, otherwise comparable in size and clay quality, that fires to a red to orange color may not be commercially suitable for the brick industry, but may be considered usable by the manufacturer of unglazed clay flower pots.
		Clays having the properties necessary for pottery and stoneware use are present in the Ouachita Mountain and Arkansas Valley regions and were formed by the weathering of shales in the Atoka Formation and Stanley Shale (Pennsylvanian and Mississippian, respectively).
	www.state.ar.us /agc/clay.htm (2467 words)

	Lecture 12: Clay Minerals
		The secondary minerals normally are found in the clay fraction of the soil which is the fraction of the soil solids which is less the 2 micron or 0.002 mm.
		Clay minerals are minerals which mainly occur in the clay sized fraction of the soil.
		Clay mineral types are normally determined by the types of minerals and acidity of the leaching water.
	jan.ucc.nau.edu /~doetqp-p/courses/env320/lec12/Lec12.html (976 words)

	Environmental Characteristics of Clays and Clay Mineral Deposits
		Clays and clay minerals have been mined since the Stone Age; today they are among the most important minerals used by manufacturing and environmental industries.
		Clays and clay minerals are found mainly on or near the surface of the Earth.
		Complex mixed-layer clay minerals (such as illite-smectites) are abundant in clay assemblages that develop from mica-bearing precursor rocks, such as the granite plutons that occur in temperate regions of the Northeastern United States.
	pubs.usgs.gov /info/clays (1545 words)

	Clay minerals Summary
		These minerals have platy structures made up of sheets of silica, composed of silicon and oxygen, and alumina, which is usually composed of aluminum and oxygen, but often has iron and magnesium replacing some or all of the aluminum.
		Clay minerals are hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, sometimes with variable amounts of iron, magnesium, alkali metals, alkaline earths and other cations.
		Clay minerals are very common in fine grained sedimentary rocks such as shale, mudstone and siltstone and in fine grained metamorphic slate and phyllite.
	www.bookrags.com /Clay_minerals (838 words)

	Introduction to Clay Minerals & Soils
		Clay minerals resemble the micas in chemical composition, except they are very fine grained, usually microscopic.
		Sodium smectite is the preferred clay mineral for drilling muds, for creating a protective clay liner for hazardous waste landfills to guard against future groundwater contamination, and for preventing seepage of groundwater into residential basements.
		In humid tropical climates, clay minerals are unstable and break down under intense chemical weathering to become hydrated oxides of aluminum (bauxite) and iron (goethite), which are very poor substitutes for clay minerals in retaining soil nutrients.
	servercc.oakton.edu /~billtong/eas100/clays.htm (1226 words)

	Weathering & Clay Minerals
		Because of these differing conditions, minerals in rocks react with their new environment to produce new minerals that are stable under conditions near the surface.
		Clay minerals are an important group of minerals because they are among the most common products of chemical weathering, and thus are the main constituents of the fine-grained sedimentary rocks called mudrocks (including mudstones, claystones, and shales).
		Clay minerals are used extensively in the ceramics industry and are thus important economic minerals.
	www.tulane.edu /~sanelson/eens211/weathering&clayminerals.htm (1926 words)

	Clay11 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Clay minerals are very small in size (by definition are less than 0.002 mm in size) and only seen with aid of electron microscope.
		China clay is one of the purest of the clays and is composed chiefly of kaolinite.
		All clays have a finite size, and at the edge of the mineral there are some oxygen atoms that do not have their negative charges satisfied by cations in mineral structure, thus at the edge of the mineral negative charges exist.
	www.soils.agri.umn.edu /academics/classes/soil2125/doc/s12chap1.htm (2791 words)

	Clay minerals & fertilizer management -DAWN - Business; April 24, 2006
		Kaolinite and chlorite clay minerals: These minerals don’t contain potassium and have low nutrient retention capacity; their importance as sources of potassium nutrient for plants, and their interaction in soil solution with other nutrients like ammonium, calcium etc., are negligible.
		Mica and illite clay minerals: These minerals are the main component of clay fraction (mica is present in silt and sand fractions also) in our soils, and so they influence in determining soil solution chemistry which affects the fertilizer’s behaviour.
		Vermiculite and smectite clay minerals: Both the minerals although found in minor proportions in our soils but due to their swelling and shrinking as well as higher nutrient exchange capacity, play a crucial role in the fixation and release of ammonical and potassic fertilizers.
	www.dawn.com /2006/04/24/ebr5.htm (1285 words)

	Clay Minerals \| Environmental Encyclopedia
		Clay minerals contribute to the physical and chemical properties of most soils and sediments.
		Mineralogists restrict the definition of clay minerals to those aluminosilicates (minerals predominantly composed of aluminum, silicon, and oxygen) which in nature have particle sizes two micrometers or less in diameter.
		The one to one clay minerals have alternating silica and alumina sheets; these are the least reactive of the clay minerals, and kaolinite is the most common example.
	www.bookrags.com /research/clay-minerals-enve-01 (408 words)

	Geotimes - July 2002 - Highlights - Clay Minerals
		A pillared clay is formed by the insertion of large cations such as the Al13 keggin structure in the clay interlayer through cation exchange.
		The application of titania pillared clays for the photocatalytic and wet oxidation of low concentrations of recalcitrant organics in drinking water; the development of hydrotalcite structures for use as catalysts; and the integration of clays into polymers as nano-composites.
		This is not to say that clays don't have their traditional uses as adsorbents, such as in kitty litter; as filter materials, such as in bleaching earths for the decolorization of oils; and, of course, in traditional ceramic materials such as cement production, brick manufacturing and visual art ceramics.
	www.agiweb.org /geotimes/july02/high_clay.html (1056 words)

	Terramin Calcium Montmorillonite clay
		Mineral deposits formed by igneous activity in bubbling mudpots have a calcium magnesium complex which can be activated by a +1 or -1 of a hydrogen or oxygen ion.
		Clay is radioactive to a degree (as is everything), but this radioactivity is generally imperceptible to the testing apparatus at present used in laboratories.
		The extent to which the clay mineral ions become active determines the clay’s classification as “living clay.” This may be accomplished by the addition of a molecule of water if the clay mineral has been created in such a way as to contain a charge.
	www.shirleys-wellness-cafe.com /clay2.htm (10833 words)

	Clay Minerals
		Individual clay minerals are usually too small to be resolved in the optical microscope, let alone to be able to distinguish their optical properties.
		Clay minerals often occur as domains, aggregates, pore linings or infillings, coatings around stable grains, bridges between grains, and various patterns of preferred orientationl.
		Because clay minerals may concentrate or be reoriented with internal parallel oriented domains in a specific direction, their combined presence forms large enough bodies to be observed and optical properties discerned.
	www.ces.ncsu.edu /plymouth/programs/clay.html (845 words)

	Industrial Minerals
		Dolostone: A carbonate sedimentary rock consisting chiefly of the chemical calcium-magnesium carbonate, primarily in the form of the mineral dolomite, or approximating the mineral dolomite in composition, or a variety of limestone or marble rich in magnesium carbonate.
		Clay: (a) A rock or mineral fragment or a detrital particle of any composition (often a crystalline fragment of a clay mineral), smaller than a very fine silt grain, having a diameter less than 1/256 mm.
		Shale: A fine-grained, indurated, sedimentary rock formed by the consolidation of clay, silt, or mud, and characterized by very thin layers, and by a composition with an appreciable content of clay minerals, and commonly with a high content of quartz sediment.
	www.uky.edu /KGS/coal/webindmn/combo.htm (1185 words)

	French Green Clay
		In France in particular the therapeutic use of clay is now commonplace and substantial numbers of users have testified to its success in treating a wide range of disorders.
		It acts like a magnet to draw out impurites from the body while the essential minerals within the clay are released and the body absorbs those it needs to aid healing, thereby restoring health and vigour.
		Clay can be taken orally as an internal cleanser to eliminate toxins from the body and fight fatigue.
	www.scent-by-nature.co.uk /greenclay.htm (769 words)

	Mineral Information Institute - Clay
		The term clay refers to a number of earthy materials that are composed of minerals rich in alumina, silica and water.
		Clay is not a single mineral, but a number of minerals.
		However, clay is so abundant in all its forms that such substitutions may only be necessary if the alternative materials are less expensive than clay (which is not very likely).
	www.mii.org /Minerals/photoclay.html (654 words)

	Healing Clay for People and Animals
		Clay minerals have an inner layer charge that acts like an absorbent and can absorb and bond with many elements that are toxic, both man-made and natural.
		The smaller the particle size of clay, the more platelets there are per given cubic centimeter of volume or unit of weight and the larger the total surface area is. Their absorbent and adsorbent capacity increases with the numbers of clay platelets per given unit of measure.
		The Clay Disciples Cano Graham is among the foremost activists and authorities in the United States concerning the ancient art of Clay Therapy (Pelotherapy).
	www.shirleys-wellness-cafe.com /clay.htm (11448 words)

	Ball Clay
		Ball clay is an extremely rare mineral found in very few places around the world. Its name dates back to the early methods of mining when specialized hand tools were used to extract the clay in rough cube shapes of about 30 cm.
		Ball clay is extracted using mechanical equipment, of which the most popular are hydraulic "back-hoe" excavators, that work at "benches" cut into the quarry to access the seams of clay.
		Kaolin (‘china clay’) produces a very white color when it is fired, but used alone it is brittle and weak and must be mixed with ball clay to produce a workable, malleable raw material. As a result of their sedimentary origin, raw ball clays have a wide range of colors.
	www.ima-na.org /about_industrial_minerals/ball_clay.asp (653 words)

	Make Your Own Nourishing Clay Face Masks
		Clay is available in different colours and has a long tradition of use in natural medicine in many parts of the world.
		Clay is rich in minerals and active enzymes.
		Clay face masks stimulate the circulation of the blood and lymph systems, remove dead skin cells and absorb dirt and other surface fats.
	www.aromantic.co.uk /articles/face-masks.htm (996 words)

	Muscovite and Clay Minerals
		A super close-up view of clay minerals shows that they have the same platy shape as muscovite or biotite; clays are just a LOT smaller.
		While the bulk of a shale is normally made of clay minerals, there are also tiny grains of quartz and feldspar, sometimes calcite, and sometimes bits of organic matter (dark).
		Smectite clays are famous in some parts of the world because they tend to shrink when dry and expand dramatically when wet.
	www.pitt.edu /~cejones/GeoImages/1Minerals/2SedimentaryMineralz/Muscovite_Clays.html (314 words)

	SOURCE CLAYS PROJECT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Data on the CMS Source Clays are available in the October (2001) issue of Clays and Clay Minerals, Volume 49, Number 5, pages 371-453.
		The clays offered by the Source Clays Project change frequently because of new acquisitions and depletion of old supplies.
		The Source Clays Project is always grateful for new acquisitions, particularly of clays that have become depleted.
	www.agry.purdue.edu /cjohnston/sourceclays/index.html (536 words)

	[No title]
		Thus, kaolinite is a 1:1 nonexpanding clay mineral.
		Thus, during the process of mineral formation the octahedral layer might be filled with divalent ions rather than the aluminum ions we have been using to this point.
		Mineral analysis over the years has indicated that the following ions are found in the phyllosilicates.
	pubpages.unh.edu /~harter/crystal.htm (1711 words)

	Clay Minerals in Soil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Clay is made up of tiny particles less than 0.002 mm in diameter.
		For this reason, clay soils are considered to be fine textured; silts, medium textured; and sands, coarse textured.
		Clay contributes many benefits to the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil.
	www.agr.state.nc.us /agronomi/sfn13.htm (624 words)

	Clay Minerals
		Clay Minerals is published by the Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
		Anthropic acceleration of a natural clay mineral reaction in marshland soils (Atlantic Coast, France)
		For an alternate route to Clay Minerals from these locations use this URL:
	claymin.geoscienceworld.org (86 words)

	Clay Minerals: Mineralogical Society
		An international journal of clay minerals and fine particle science, published four times a year, includes research papers about clays, clay minerals and related materials, natural or synthetic.
		Clay Minerals and Mineralogical Magazine and are also available online via the geoscience journals aggregate, GeoScienceWorld.
		Instruction for authors for Clay Minerals can be downloaded as a pdf file.
	www.minersoc.org /pages/e_journals/clay.html (0 words)

	Amazon.com: "diagenetic clay minerals": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Detrital clay minerals may be incorporated into sandy deposits by bioturbation and infiltration of muddy waters.
		Diagenetic clay minerals form by alteration of unstable detrital silicates and by transformation of detrital and precursor diagenetic clay minerals.
		The particle size distribution curves for detrital minerals like quartz and the diagenetic clay minerals cross in the region of 2 to 4 m, leading to relatively pure concentrations of clay minerals in the clay...
	www.amazon.com /phrase/diagenetic-clay-minerals (528 words)

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