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Topic: Clean programming language

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	Clean programming language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In computer science Clean is a general-purpose purely functional programming language.
		Functional languages stress application of functions, as opposed to execution of commands, as in imperative languages.
		Clean is dual licensed: it is available under the terms of the GNU LGPL, and also under a proprietary license for €495.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Clean_programming_language (384 words)

	Misc
		Prolog - is a logical and a declarative programming language.
		One way of placing it in the "space of languages" is to say that it aims to be as efficient as C, C++, or Fortran, as elegant as and safer than Eiffel, and support higher-order functions and iteration abstraction as well as Common Lisp, CLU or Scheme.
		YAFL Programming Language - is a middle term research project which covers the design and the implementation of a new object-oriented language, as well as several attached programming tools.
	www.geocities.com /SiliconValley/Heights/6121/misc.html (3704 words)

	Computer programming - Wikibooks, collection of open-content textbooks
		Programming a computer can be performed in one of numerous languages, ranging from a higher-level language to writing directly in low-level machine code (that is, code that more directly controls the specifics of the computer's hardware).
		C is a system programming language and has a fairly simple syntax and a small set of keywords but with an extensive set of rules attached to those.
		Initially, Pascal was a hypothetical language intended to teach students structured programming, and generations of students have "cut their teeth" on Pascal as an introductory language in undergraduate courses.
	en.wikibooks.org /wiki/Computer_programming (1530 words)

	Tea Leaves: What Programming Language?
		There are plenty of programs that will compile just fine and run correctly that can still be called "bad programs," in the sense that when you look at the source, it is clear that the author doesn't have a grasp on some fundamental concept.
		Programming is fundamentally a "learn by doing" activity, so your language choices are somewhat constrained by the need to use a language that can actually run on your operating system of choice.
		In my experience, most scripting languages are indeed useful and easy to learn, and if they are the first exposure a new programmer has will teach her bad habits that may take years to unlearn.
	www.tgr.com /weblog/archives/000024.html (3552 words)

	Ulf's Programming Language List
		Clean is a state-of-the-art, pure and lazy functional programming language.
		Mozart is based on the Oz language, which supports declarative programming, object-oriented programming, constraint programming, and concurrency as part of a coherent whole.
		Cyclone is a programming language that is as C-like as possible while preventing unsafe behavior (buffer overflows, dangling pointers, format string attacks, and so on).
	www.cs.mun.ca /~ulf/pld/pls.html (2275 words)

	The Miranda Programming Language
		Miranda was the successor of the functional languages SASL and KRC.
		In Non-Strict functional languages, the arguments to a function are not evaluated until they are actually required within the functions being called.
		This is also known as lazy evaluation, and the main advantage of using this method is that it allows for passing infinite element data structures to a function.
	www.engin.umd.umich.edu /CIS/course.des/cis400/miranda/miranda.html (309 words)

	Brad Appleton's Programming Languages Links
		Concurrent Clean is a general purpose, higher order, pure and lazy functional programming language for the development of sequential, parallel and distributed real world applications.
		Clean is a language in the spirit of other modern lazy functional languages like Haskell and Miranda.
		The YAFL Programming Language is a middle term research project which covers the design and the implementation of a new object-oriented language, as well as several attached programming tools.
	www.cmcrossroads.com /bradapp/links/prog-langs.html (2062 words)

	Introduction
		The Java programming language is related to C and C++ but is organized rather differently, with a number of aspects of C and C++ omitted and a few ideas from other languages included.
		The Java programming language is a relatively high-level language, in that details of the machine representation are not available through the language.
		Chapter 3 describes the lexical structure of the Java programming language, which is based on C and C++.
	java.sun.com /docs/books/jls/second_edition/html/intro.doc.html (2087 words)

	The Natura Programming Language
		Natura is a new programming language meant to provide a better medium of expression for basic mathematical computations than is presently available using open source tools.
		The features currently incorporated into the language are arbitrary precision integers, search calls, many common mathematical functions and a context designed for modular arithmetic along with operators dependent on this context for their interpretation.
		After submission, we discovered that the language's implementation of its basic operations had a small flaw: the gcd operation failed to test its operands to insure they could be used in the Euclidean algorithm and hence crashed when 0 was submitted as an operand.
	natura.sourceforge.net (568 words)

	LtU Classic Archives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The book Haskell: The Craft of Functional Programming by Simon Thompson was recommended as a good starting place for learning the language, and I can personally recommend it as a good resource.
		The Clean language has a lot in common with Haskell and Miranda, being a general purpose lazy functional programming language.
		Clean does go in some directions that were not travelled in Haskell with Unique types that allow mutable records while still maintaining referential transparency.
	lambda-the-ultimate.org /classic/message248.html (208 words)

	Language Workbenches: The Killer-App for Domain Specific Languages?
		Fundamentally in any reasonably sized program you are dealing with a bunch of abstractions that you need to manipulate, such as the file reading example in the introductory example.
		Many proponents of language oriented programming have a vision of the future where all the domain logic of a system is done by users.
		Once you define a language in a language workbench you are tied to that language workbench.
	www.martinfowler.com /articles/languageWorkbench.html (10282 words)

	NewsForge \| Why Linux needs Rexx (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		It may be a great scripting language for administrative tasks, and allow for porting tools from mainframe OS's to linux (which is one of the things IBM is helping folks do) but neither of those are (arguably) really useful on grandma's PC.
		It is certainly not a dead programming language, but to make it to the desktop today it will need a killer app that shows it's strengths or a killer development tool to capture the hobbyist.
		This contrasts to languages like Perl or Rexx, where object facilities were added to the language later in its evolution and many folks (for example, sysadmins) script forever without much regard to them.
	programming.newsforge.com /programming/05/06/21/154227.shtml?tid=107 (3026 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The work of the project includes theoretical studies of programming languages and their properties, development of new compiler and run-time technology, and empirical studies of the application of advanced language techniques to real-world programming problems, especially in the areas of high-performance networks and operating systems.
		It is intended as a uniform meta-language for specifying, implementing, and proving properties of programming languages and logics.
		@http://www.phidani.be/phidani/yafl/index.html, The YAFL Programming Language The YAFL Programming Language is a middle term research project which covers the design and the implementation of a new object-oriented language, as well as several attached programming tools.
	www.eecs.umich.edu /~omalley/links/Programming-Lang.txt (2251 words)

	The Scala Programming Language
		Scala is a modern multi-paradigm programming language designed to express common programming patterns in a concise, elegant, and type-safe way.
		Class abstractions are extended by subclassing and a flexible mixin-based composition mechanism as a clean replacement for multiple inheritance.
		Scala is also a functional language in the sense that every function is a value.
	scala.epfl.ch (423 words)

	Programming Language Web Page
		Often you hear about some programming language and you'd like to get a quick overview of that language--not a whole course in how to use it, but some indication of what it does, what it looks like, where it's used, and so on.
		Any language for this project must be a Turing-equivalent programming language, and it can't be a language that was done last quarter or one of these popular languages: Ada, Basic, C, C++, Cobol, Fortran, Java, Pascal, Prolog, or Scheme.
		Once you reserve a language, you may not change your choice, so it's a good idea to do a bit of preliminary research to make sure the language you ask for is the one you want to stay with.
	www.ics.uci.edu /~kay/courses/141/w00_course_reference_files (851 words)

	The Scheme Programming Language
		It is a dialect of the Lisp Programming Language invented by Guy Lewis Steele Jr.
		The language was designed to have very few, regular constucts which compose well to support a variety of programming styles including functional, object-oriented, and imperative.
		Scheme is currently gaining favor as a first programming language in universities and is used in industry by such companies as DEC, TI, Tektronix, HP, and Sun.
	www.engin.umd.umich.edu /CIS/course.des/cis400/scheme/scheme.html (476 words)

	Clean Game Library
		The Clean Game Library is a complete development system for 2D games (arcade, side scrollers, platform games), using the functional language Clean.
		Allthough Clean is not easy to learn (it's very different from imperative languages, such as Pascal and C), once you have mastered programming in Clean, you can easily create games with the Clean Game Library.
		You will also find the latest news about the Clean Game Library at the news section and there are some examples of games written in Clean at the games section.
	cleangl.sourceforge.net (287 words)

	Green Hat Journal: High Level Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		If a language is implemented as an interpreter written in C, what's the difference between that language and C? It's primarily the parser.
		If the only real difference between languages is personal taste in syntax, then a powerful macro system should solve that, too.
		The point is that there is no good definition of a "high-level language" that isn't just sophistry or, more often, bigotry.
	rover.cs.northwestern.edu /~surana/blog/past/000247.html (334 words)

	Open Directory - Computers: Programming: Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		An Introduction to Programming Languages - A page for people who know one language and are wondering about learning another.
		Lambda the Ultimate - Programming Languages Weblog with news and discussion.
		The Retrocomputing Museum - Dedicated to programs that induce sensations that hover somewhere between nostalgia and nausea.The freaks, jokes, and fossils of computing history.
	dmoz.org /Computers/Programming/Languages (124 words)

	IU Programming Languages Research
		Current programming language research at IU explores a variety of semantic and pragmatic issues and their relation to other areas of theory and application.
		Steve Johnson uses transformation techniques developed for programming languages in the formal derivation of hardware systems.
		David Wise is developing applicative programming for parallel processing, including compile-time and run-time memory management, using software and hardware support, and reformulations of algorithms that map well onto generic multiprocessors.
	www.cs.indiana.edu /proglang/proglang.html (712 words)

	What is Ruby? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Ruby is a an exciting new, pure, object oriented programming language.
		Ruby programs are compact, yet very readable and maintainable; you can get a lot done in a few lines, without being cryptic.
		When was the last time you had fun writing a program---a program that worked the first time; a program that you could read next week, next month, or next year and still understand exactly what it does?
	www.rubycentral.com /misc/intro.html (310 words)

	IBM Software - NetRexx - Product Overview
		NetRexx blends the clean, easy-to-learn syntax of Rexx with the robustness and portability of the Java environment.
		The result is a language tuned for both scripting and application development, and designed for both interpretation and compilation — a truly general-purpose language.
		NetRexx is an effective alternative to the Java language, letting you create applications and applets for the Java environment faster and more easily than by programming in Java.
	www.ibm.com /Technology/NetRexx (147 words)

	Mainsail Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		MAINSAIL was originally developed at Stanford University under the auspices of the SUMEX Computer Project by the founders of XIDAK, Inc. It is an ALGOL-like programming language derived from the SAIL programming language.
		MAINSAIL is an extremely powerful programming language offering features not found in other popular programming languages such as C, Pascal, Modula-2, or Ada.
		A statically linked language requires all code that might be used in a particular execution to be loaded when any program written in that language begins execution.
	www.xidak.com /mainsail/other_documentation/shortoverview.htm (543 words)

	Python 101 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Java is a full-featured programming language with a complete range of types, thread support, strong typing, and all of the other features you expect.
		Then, when the program or module is executed again, the interpreter checks to see if there is a.pyc file with a more recent timestamp than the.py file.
		Also, because it is relatively slower than C and other compiled languages, Python is not well suited to computationally intensive applications, though it can be used as a framework or glue language around such applications.
	www-128.ibm.com /developerworks/linux/library/l-python101.html (1961 words)

	Bob Nelson's C, Java and Perl Programming Resources
		His knowledge of the C programming language is evident in his role as co-moderator of Usenet's comp.lang.c.moderated newsgroup.
		Although "The C Programming Language" is the canonical way to master the language, a more recent book by K.N. King, "C Programming: A Modern Approach" is worthy of mention.
		Java is a portable language that superficially resembles the syntax of C++.
	www.oldradio.com /archives/nelson/programming.html (623 words)

	A Programming Language
		Now maybe any programming structure at all helps with documentation, or maybe I'm just getting older, but OOP seems to me to make thinking about and writing the documentation a lot easier.
		The really time consuming problem is programming the functionality of the unit tasks, and it is critical some of this gets done now.
		Ness is violating his license agreements, or he uses J and K only for personal study and entertainment, in which case his advise on what programming environment to use should be taken with a mountain of salt.
	dapl.blogspot.com (5286 words)

	Emu: The Embeddable Utility Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Emu is a clean, fast, flexible and free programming language, designed by Aaron Kimball.
		As its name (the Embeddable Utility Language) implies, Emu is designed to be embedded into other files, such as text documents, web pages, or anyplace where the document itself needs to be manipulated before it is in its final form.
		Emu strives to be a functionally complete language while still being easy to learn and use, due to its simple, clean syntax.
	emulang.sourceforge.net (510 words)

	PC AI - Dylan Programming Language
		This language development effort has the goal of developing a practical tool for writing mainstream commercial applications.
		The intent is to combine the best qualities of static languages (small, fast programs) with the best qualities of dynamic languages (rapid development, code that's easy to read, write and maintain).
		Gwydion Dylan is an implementation of the Dylan programming language for UNIX systems.
	www.pcai.com /web/ai_info/pcai_dylan.html (155 words)

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