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Topic: Clearchus

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	Clearchus
		Clearchus, the son of Rhamphias, was a Spartan general and condottiere[?].
		Born about the middle of the 5th century BC, Clearchus was sent with a fleet to the Hellespont in 411 and became governor of Byzantium, of which town he was proxenus.
		On Cyrus’s death Clearchus assumed the chief command and conducted the retreat, until, being treacherously seized with his fellow-generals by Tissaphernes, he was handed over to Artaxerxes and executed.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/cl/Clearchus.html (234 words)

	Clearchus - LoveToKnow 1911
		Born about the middle of the 5th century B.C., Clearchus was sent with a fleet to the Hellespont in 411 and became governor (ap,uooTr t s) of Byzantium, of which town he was proxenus.
		Subsequently appointed by the ephors to settle the political dissensions then rife at Byzantium and to protect the city and the neighbouring Greek colonies from Thracian attacks, he made himself tyrant of Byzantium, and, when declared an outlaw and driven thence by a Spartan force, he fled to Cyrus.
		On Cyrus's death Clearchus assumed the chief command and conducted the retreat, until, being treacherously seized with his fellow-generals by Tissaphernes, he was handed over to Artaxerxes and executed (Thuc.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Clearchus (242 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 781 (v. 1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Clearchus fell into the snare, and induced four of the generals and twenty of the lochagi to accompany him to the interview.
		CLEARCHUS, a sculptor in bronze at Rhe- gium, is important as the teacher of the celebrated Pythagoras, who flourished at the time of Myron and Polycletus.
		Clearchus was the pupil of the Corinthian Eucheir, and belongs probably to the 72nd and following Olympiads.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/0790.html (833 words)

	Memnon: History of Heracleia (1)
		Clearchus had received an education in philosophy; he was one of the pupils of Platon, and for four years he had been a pupil of the rhetorician Isocrates.
		Clearchus was racked by a great and piercing pain, and he was tormented by horrible visions (these visions were the ghosts of those he had cruelly murdered).
		Clearchus and his brother were established as rulers of the city in succession to their father, but the way they treated their subjects was far different from his mild benevolence.
	www.attalus.org /translate/memnon1.html (5103 words)

	History of Iran: Persian Empire
		Clearchus was the first to try to force his men to go on, but they pelted him and his pack-animals with stones as often as they began to go forward.
		Clearchus refused to go to him, but without the knowledge of the soldiers he sent a messenger and told him not to be discouraged, because, he said, this matter would be settled in the right way.
		Clearchus, however, was angry, because, when he had barely escaped being stoned to death, Proxenus was talking lightly of his grievance, and he ordered him to remove himself from between them.
	www.irantarikh.com /persia/anaba1.htm (8184 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 780 (v. 1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		When the actual intention o-f Cyrus began to be suspected, the Greeks refused to march further, and Clearchus, attempting to force his own troops to proceed, narrowly escaped stoning at their hands.
		When Orontes was brought to trial for his treason, Clearchus was the only Greek admitted into the number of judges, and he was the first to advise sentence ojf death against the accused.
		When the Greeks began their retreat, Clearchus was tacitly recognized as their commander-in-chief, and in this capacity he exhibited his usual qualities of prudence and energy, as well as great strictness in the preservation of discipline.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/0789.html (819 words)

	[No title]
		Clearchus set the example of trying to force his men to continue their march; but he had no sooner started at the head of his troops than they began to pelt him and his baggage train, and Clearchus had a narrow escape of being stoned to death there and then.
		Clearchus was also invited inside, to assist at the court-martial; a compliment due to the position he held among the other generals, in the opinion not only of Cyrus, but also of the rest of the court.
		Clearchus held the right wing resting on the Euphrates, Proxenus was next, and after him the rest, while Menon with his troops held the Hellenic left.
	courses.ed.asu.edu /gonzalez/APHB/ETexts/Xenophon/Anabasis.txt (17495 words)

	ANABASIS - XENOPHON - In Eight Parts - Part Two - Athenaeum Library of Philosophy
		Clearchus summoned Proxenus, who was next him, and debated whether to send a detachment or to go in a body to the camp to save it.
		Accordingly, Clearchus did not ascend the crest, but posting his army at its base, he sent Lycius of Syracuse and another to the summit, with orders to inspect the condition of things on the other side, and to report results.
		Clearchus hesitated to advance upon the enemy, knowing that the troops were tired and hungry; and indeed it was already late.
	evans-experientialism.freewebspace.com /xenophon_anabasis02.htm (7770 words)

	Photius' excerpt of Ctesias' Persica (3)
		Clearchus was in command of the Greeks; Syennesis, king of Cilicia, assisted both Cyrus and Artaxerxes.
		Clearchus the Spartan, who was in command of the Greeks, and Menon the Thessalian, who accompanied Cyrus, were always at variance, because Cyrus took the advice of Clearchus in everything, while Menon was disregarded.
		Clearchus and the other generals were sent in chains to Artaxerxes at Babylon, where all the people flocked to see Clearchus.
	www.livius.org /ct-cz/ctesias/photius_persica3.html (2054 words)

	The battle of Cunaxa 401 B.C.
		Clearchus may have become impatient for battle as Xenophon says that the watchword was passed along the line twice.
		Clearchus could not accept the frustration at losing in this manner and was too insensitive to appreciate how Artaxerxes had actually honoured the military skill of the Greeks by choosing not to engage them in combat.
		So when Artaxerxes' heralds came to discuss their surrender, Clearchus chose war with the King, even though be had no personnel reason to do so, and his alliance with Cyrus had been for the money.
	members.ozemail.com.au /~ancientpersia/cunaxa.html (3226 words)

	LEARCHUS OF SPARTA (b
		In the battle of Cyzicus in May 410 Clearchus, in command of parts of the Lacedaemonian land forces and the Greek mercenaries of Pharnabazus's army, was defeated by the Athenian generals Thrasybulus and Theramenes (Diodorus, 13.51.1-8).
		He was given command of most of Cyrus's Peloponnesian mercenaries (Diodorus, 14.19.8), apparently with the tacit agreement of the Spartan authorities; he was the most trusted of the Greek generals because, whenever the mercenaries quarreled or resisted marching, he identified himself with Cyrus's interests.
		As portrayed by Xenophon (Anabasis 2.6.1-15), Clearchus was a skilled general, popular with his troops, but both Xenophon and Ctesias, who knew him personally, seem to have been biased in his favor.
	www.iranica.com /newsite/articles/v5f7/v5f7a004.html (630 words)

	Book 2 Anabasis by Xenophon
		Clearchus threw out these leading remarks in hopes that this man, who was the ambassador from the king, might himself be led to advise them not to give up their arms, in which case the Hellenes would be still more sanguine and hopeful.
		During the progress of this night the Hellenes had their turn of scare--a panic seized them, and there was a noise and clatter, hardly to be explained except by the visitation of some sudden terror.
		But after their deaths the vengeance of the king fell upon him, and he was put to death, not like 29 Clearchus and the others by what would appear to be the speediest of deaths--decapitation--but, as report says, he lived for a year in pain and disgrace and died the death of a felon.
	bulfinch.englishatheist.org /b/xeno/Anab-Book2.htm (6942 words)

	History of Iran: Persian Empire
		Clearchus replied, "If we remain, a truce, if we retire or advance, war." [2.1.23] And Phalinus asked again, "Shall I report truce or war?" And Clearchus again made the same reply, "Truce if we remain, if we retire or advance, war." What he meant to do, however, he did not indicate.
		And when the outposts reported, Clearchus, who chanced at the time to be inspecting the ranks, told the outposts to direct the heralds to wait till he should be at leisure.
		One of them, Clearchus, by common consent of all who were personally acquainted with him, seemed to have shown himself a man who was both fitted for war and fond of war to the last degree.
	irantarikh.com /persia/anaba2.htm (5434 words)

	The Internet Classics Archive \| Artaxerxes by Plutarch
		And, therefore, Clearchus by his caution must be considered more to blame for the result in the destruction of the life and fortune of Cyrus, than he by his heat and rashness.
		Cyrus knew well enough what was expedient to be done, and commanded Clearchus with his men to take their place in the centre.
		Clearchus replied that he would take care to have all arranged as was best, and then spoiled all.
	classics.mit.edu /Plutarch/artaxerx.html (6163 words)

	Xenophon'
		The same day Clearchus visited the passage of the river, and after inspecting the market there, was returning with a few followers, on horseback, to his tent, and had to 12 pass through Menon's quarters.
		One of Menon's men, who was splitting wood, caught sight of Clearchus as he rode past, and aimed a blow at him with his axe.
		Clearchus made a rapid retreat to his own troops, and at once ordered them to get under arms.
	www.eureka.edu /emp/jrodrig/webpage/xenop2.htm (988 words)

	Anabasis by Xenophon
		At Tarsus Cyrus and his army halted for twenty days; the soldiers 1 refusing to advance further, since the suspicion ripened in their minds, that the expedition was in reality directed against the king; and as they insisted, they had not engaged their services for that object.
		After Clearchus another spokesman stood up, and proceeded to point out the simplicity of the speaker, who proposed to ask for vessels, just as if Cyrus were minded to renounce the expedition and sail back again.
		This resolution was carried, and they chose and sent a deputation with Clearchus, who put to Cyrus the questions which had been agreed upon by the army.
	www.cmadras.com /104/104b1.htm (6149 words)

	Clearchus of Heraclea
		Clearchus (in Greek Kλεαρχoς; killed 353 BC) was a citizen of Heraclea on the Euxine (Black Sea) who was recalled from exile by the nobles to aid them in quelling the seditious temper and demands of the people.
		According to Justin, he made an agreement with Mithridates of Cius to betray the city to him on condition, of holding it'under him as governor.
		He is said to have been a pupil both of Plato and of Isocrates, the latter of whom asserts that, while he was with him, he was one of the gentlest and most benevolent of men.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/Bios/ClearchusOfHeraclea.html (390 words)

	Ten Thousand (Greek) Summary
		Cyrus appointed the Spartan exile Clearchus commander-in-chief of the Greeks.
		Until shortly after the Battle of Cunaxa, the Spartan general Clearchus was recognized as the commander of the army.
		When Tissaphernes arrested and executed Clearchus, Proxenus, Menon, Agias (possibly the same person as Sophaenetus), and Socrates, their places were taken by Xenophon, Timasion, Xanthicles, Cleanor, and Philesius, with the Spartan Chirisophus as the general commander.
	www.bookrags.com /Ten_Thousand_(Greek) (1832 words)

	LEARCHUS (b
		After his return home he became involved in factional struggles and was banished; he then led a band of mercenary troops in the service of the Persian satrap of neighboring Pontic Phrygia, Mithridates (son of Ariobarzanes, q.v.), with whom he plotted to capture Heracleia in 364.
		When the oligarchs of Heracleia recalled Clearchus to arbitrate in their conflict with the populace, he betrayed both them and Mithridates, persuading the people to choose him as the true protector of their democracy (Justin, 16.4.10-16).
		) Clearchus fell victim to a conspiracy of aristocrats and was mortally wounded during celebrations of the festival of Dionysus (Memnon, in Jacoby, Fragmente III/B, pp.
	www.iranica.com /newsite/articles/v5f7/v5f7a003.html (341 words)

	House Kenafin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Her transformation shattered the Gla'Nath family, leaving many dead before her brother Clearchus finally took it upon himself to send her to the afterlife the Scourge had attempted to deny her.
		The image of her face just before her final death wakes him at night and has forever burned a deep and lasting hatred of the Undead into his very soul.
		Clearchus, as heir of the very meager holdings of the Gla'Nath, and the next "living" Kenafin in line of succession, has laid claim to the Kenafin lands near Brill and the hereditary titles.
	www.kenafin.com /purpose.htm (336 words)

	Untitled Document
		At Tarsus Cyrus and his army halted for twenty days; the soldiers refusing to advance further, since the suspicion ripened in their minds, that the expedition was in reality directed against the king; and as they insisted, they had not been hired for that.
		The same day Clearchus visited the passage of the river, and after inspecting the market there, was returning with a few followers, on horse back, to his tent, and had to pass through Menon's quarters.
		Of the Asiatics, a body of Paphlagonian cavalry, 1,000 strong, were posted beside Clearchus on the right, and with them stood the Hellenic peltasts On the left was Ariaeus, Cyrus's second in command, and the rest of the barbarian host.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/XenAna.html (10286 words)

	Aromatherapy Bath, Body & Aromatherapy Crafts
		Grace of Clearchus Bath Bombs -to help fight fever, viral and fungal infections, relieve cramps and regulate the system while relieving stress and leaving the body clean and the skin soft.
		Touch of Clearchus Compress Oils -often used with a warm abdominal compress or water bottle to relieve cramps and indigestion.
		Touch of Clearchus Fragrance Oils -the way of the oils of old that sailors would use on their wrists and neck to ease the digestion of foreign or spicy foods.
	www.naturecraft.net /aromatherapy/aroma04.htm (2508 words)

	[WoW] Deelon's Stories - Jademoon
		Clearchus nodded as if this were the answer he expected.
		Clearchus sat in his chair, stroking the red hair of his goatee throughout the diatribe.
		Clearchus smiled and set his glass down on the table before him.
	www.jademoon.org /forum/showthread.php?t=2567 (2676 words)

	CLEARCHUS - Online Information article about CLEARCHUS
		CLEARCHUS, the son of Rhamphias, a Spartan See also:
		century B.c., Clearchus was sent with a See also:
		Artaxerxes Mnemon, Clearchus led the Peloponnesians, who formed the right wing of Cyrus's army at the See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /CHR_CLI/CLEARCHUS.html (348 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2001.03.03
		Rather, he writes that soldiers obeyed Clearchus not because they liked him but because they were compelled to by reasons beyond their control (Anabasis 2.6.12-13).
		When it comes to Clearchus, though, he passes Xenophon's words through a modern PTSD lens: "when Xenophon says that Clearchus liked to lead the attack, he is actually referring to hypervigilance, the persistent mobilization of body and mind for danger" (69).
		Indeed, Xenophon's eulogy of Clearchus in the Anabasis represents for Tritle virtually a clinical diagnosis of PTSD (60, 67-71).
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2001/2001-03-03.html (2715 words)

	Clearchus - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Sent in 410 to govern Byzantium, he made himself unpopular by his harsh discipline, and Alcibiades took the city in 408 BC Clearchus later returned and made himself virtual ruler, thereby incurring the anger of the Spartans, who forced him to leave (403).
		At Cunaxa, Clearchus fought boldly, but Cyrus' forces were defeated.
		Find newspaper and magazine articles plus images and maps related to "Clearchus" at HighBeam.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-clearchu.html (332 words)

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