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	CLEMENT - LoveToKnow Article on CLEMENT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Clement continued the struggle of his predecessors with the emperor Louis the Bavarian, excommunicating him after protracted negotiations on the 13th of April 1346, and directing the election of Charles of Moravia, who received general recognition.
		During this period Clement was mainly occupied in urging Charles to arrest the progress of the Reformation in Germany and in efforts to elude the emperors demand for a general council, which Clement feared lest the question of the mode of his election and his legitimacy should be raised.
		Clement was an unblushing nepotist; three of his nephews he made cardinals, and to one of them gradually surrendered the control of affairs.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /C/CL/CLEMENT.htm (6315 words)

	Pope Clement VII - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Clement VII, né Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici (May 26, 1478 – September 25, 1534) was pope from 1523 to 1534.
		After six months captivity he was released upon very onerous conditions, and for some years subsequently followed a policy of subserviency to the Emperor, endeavouring on the one hand to induce him to act with severity against the Lutherans in Germany, and on the other to elude his demands for a general council.
		Clement's procrastination on the issue ultimately resulted in the establishment of the independent Church of England.
	www.kernersville.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Pope_Clement_VII (779 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Clement VII
		Clement's commission empowered Wolsey and Campeggio to pronounce upon the sufficiency of the motives alleged in a certain specified document, viz., the Bull; but the Brief was not contemplated by, and lay outside, their commission.
		Clement retaliated by pronouncing censure against those who threatened to have the king's divorce suit decided by an English tribunal, and forbade Henry to proceed to a new marriage before a decision was given in Rome.
		With regard to Germany, though Clement never broke away from his friendship with Charles V, which was cemented by the coronation at Bologna in 1530, he never lent to the emperor that cordial co-operation which could alone have coped with a situation the extreme difficulty and danger of which Clement probably never understood.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/04024a.htm (2443 words)

	Clement VII on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		As pope, however, he proved to be unaware of the menace of Lutheranism to the church and was certainly not the man for the opening battles of the Reformation.
		Clement's behavior in the matter of the divorce and the dispensations for a new marriage has been called vacillating, but when the situation became critical, he put the irreproachable Cardinal Campeggio in charge of the case with Cardinal Wolsey.
		Gregory VII and the Politics of the Spirit.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/c/clement7.asp (438 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Clement VII (pope)
		Clement VII (pope) (1478-1534), pope (1523-1534), whose pontificate was marked by an unsuccessful attempt to end the Reformation in Germany and by...
		Pope : antipopes : Clement VII: Clement VII (antipope)
		Clement VII (antipope) (1342-94), the first antipope (1378-94) of the Great Schism.
	encarta.msn.com /Clement_VII_(pope).html (233 words)

	Popes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Clement's alliance with France led to the emperor's sack of Rome in May 1527 and opened the way for reform of the papal Curia.
		The imperial army imprisoned Clement in the castle of Sant'Angelo, Rome, which compromised Charles's position, because this affront to the pope clashed with his ideal of a joint universal monarchy of pope and emperor.
		A few weeks later, the French were defeated in Italy; Clement brought the revocation of Catherine's cause to Rome (July 1529) and in March 1530 forbade Henry to remarry until the papal verdict was pronounced.
	www.wga.hu /database/glossary/popes/clemen07.html (610 words)

	Avignon Pope Clement VII - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		For the other Clement VII who was Pope from 1523 to 1534, see Pope Clement VII.
		Robert of Geneva (1342 – 16 September 1394) was elected to the papacy as Pope Clement VII by the French cardinals who opposed Urban VI, and was the first Avignon antipope of the Western Schism.
		He was the son of Amadeus III, Count of Geneva, of the House of Savoy, and was born in Geneva.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antipope_Clement_VII (456 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Pope Clement VII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Relations with Holy Roman Emperor Charles V were strained as Clement allied with Francis I of France in the League of Cognac in 1526.
		Peace was reestablished in 1529, and Clement crowned Charles emperor.
		Clement's reaction has been called vacillating, but later canon lawyers maintain that, whether he was influenced by Charles V or not, Clement followed the only course possible on legal grounds.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/pope0219.htm (158 words)

	Sample text for Library of Congress control number 2004045364
		Clement VII reveled in the adulation and was himself overawed by the great honor accorded to his family, despite the surprise and shock of the entire world.
		The fabulous heiress that Clement VII had produced for the son of the king of France was small, plain, ungainly, and, worst of all, not of royal blood.
		Clement was the nearest she had come to having a parent, but she felt little love for him.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/samples/simon052/2004045364.html (4274 words)

	AllRefer.com - Clement VII, pope (Roman Catholic Popes And Antipopes) - Encyclopedia
		Clement VII, pope, Roman Catholic Popes And Antipopes
		Clement VII c.1475–1534, pope (1523–34), a Florentine named Giulio de' Medici; successor of Adrian VI.
		He was the nephew of Lorenzo de' Medici and was therefore first cousin of Pope Leo X. In 1513 he became a cardinal and as archbishop of Florence was noted as a reformer.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/Clement7.html (382 words)

	World History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Clement VII was elected as pope in 1523.
		In 1525, at the battle of Pavia, Francis I of France was captured by the Spaniards.
		He failed to keep this promise and instead forms an alliance with Pope Clement VII, Milan, Venice and Florence against Charles V. In 1529, in the Peace of Cambrai between France and Spain, France renounces claims to Italy.
	www.softlab.ntua.gr /~sivann/pub/quick-world-history/02popeclement.html (93 words)

	[No title]
		The first reason for asserting that Pope Clement VII is the legitimate Pope lies in the character of Urban VI.
		Clement his related closely to many royal families showing that he is a man of high caliber.
		Such support from all these figures makes clear that Pope Clement VII is the legitimate Pope and should be recognized as the Pope to unite Christendom.
	wwwcsif.cs.ucdavis.edu /~brars/paper2mst.doc (1041 words)

	Alexandre Clement ( - ) Artwork Images, Exhibitions, Reviews
		Clement Pruche, Les Domestiques: Je vas t"announcer a Mr.
		Clement Pruche, Les Domestiques - Je vas t"annoncer ý Mr.
		The photographers represented in the exhibition are Krass Clement and Tina Sondergaard, from Denmark; Spessi, Ragnar Axelsson (Rax), and Einar Falur Ingolfsson, from Iceland; Jorma Puranen and Esko Mannikko, from Finland; Kare Kivijarvi and...
	wwar.com /masters/c/clement-alexandre.html (1070 words)

	Pope Clement VII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		At first attached to the interests of the Holy Roman Empire, he was terrified by the overwhelming success of Charles V, Holy Roman EmperorEmperor Charles V in the battle of Pavia/ into joining the other Italian princes in a league with France.
		Rome was assaulted and sacked on May 6, 1527, and Clement, who had displayed no more resolution in his military than in his political conduct, was shortly afterwards obliged to surrender himself together with the castle of Castel Sant'AngeloSant' Angelo/, where he had taken refuge.
		One momentous consequence of this dependence on Charles was the breach with England occasioned by Clement's refusal in 1533, justifiable in point of principle, but dictated by no higher motive than his fear of offending the emperor, to sanction Henry VIII of EnglandHenry VIII's divorce from Catherine of Aragon.
	www.infothis.com /find/Pope_Clement_VII (699 words)

	Sack of Rome -- May 6, 1527: There are games in which the little guys just get run over by the big guys
		Clement offered 60,000 scudi as "protection money" and it was quickly bumped up to 100,000, but it wasn't really enough money to keep the Germans in the north.
		Clement tried to rally support, but the other big players were either genuinely busy elsewhere or were fed up with Clement's constant vacillation: none of the big boys showed up.
		But by 1530, February 24 to be exact, there was Clement crowning Charles V in Bologna, the two having been driven back together by new advances into Europe by Suleyman, renewed French activity in southern Italy, and Medici desires to reclaim Florence, from whence they had been driven once again after the Sack of Rome.
	www.mmdtkw.org /VSackRome.html (1712 words)

	Additional Reading (from Clement VII) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Pierre Crabitès, Clement VII and Henry VIII (1936).
		Clement Vallandigham was born in New Lisbon, Ohio, on July 29, 1820.
		He started a law practice in Ohio in 1842 and was a member of the state legislature before being elected to the United States House of Representatives, where he served from 1857 to 1863.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-92300?tocId=92300 (719 words)

	Pope Urban VI and the Anti-Pope Clement VII (Getty Museum) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Pope Urban VI and the Anti-Pope Clement VII (Getty Museum)
		Pope Urban VI and the Anti-Pope Clement VII
		Later that same year, an opposing group of French cardinals elected Clement VII as pope, and he established the seat of his papacy in Avignon, France.
	www.getty.edu /art/collections/objects/o4804.html (194 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Clement VI
		Clement VI (circa 1291-1352), pope (1342-52), who sought to centralize church administration and to end the Hundred Years' War.
		Historians today find it impossible to adjudicate between the claims for validity of these two elections.
		Clement VII (antipope): choice in opposition to Urban VI
	encarta.msn.com /Clement_VI.html (144 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The current Pope was not Adrian VI, Carlos' old teacher, but rather Clement VII.
		Clement VII was the son of a powerful Italian family.
		Rather than just concern himself with religion, Clement decided to help his family by entering into a treaty to unite Italian princes with the King of France.
	www.ctspanish.com /tyl/charlesv/charles8.htm (237 words)

	The Ecole Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The first antipope of the Western Schism, Clement VII was born Robert, son of Count Amadeus of Geneva and Marie de Boulogne, in 1342.
		Robert supported the election of Pope Urban VI in 1378, but led the French cardinals in their nullification of the election a few months later.
		Antipope Clement attempted to take Rome in 1379 with French mercenaries, who had already captured the Castel Sant'Angelo.
	www2.evansville.edu /ecoleweb/glossary/clementvii.html (205 words)

	RenRom0800-Sack1527Intro.html
		The 1527 Sack of Rome was a result of a unique set of circumstances involving the leaders of emerging European powers and Pope Clement VII Medici.
		Pope Clement VII Medici, usually considered to have been a brilliant Church bureaucrat before his elevation and a vacillating, unimaginative Pope who was well over his head in dealing with the other protagonists.
		Pompeo Colonna, the Cardinal who lost the Papal election that elected Clement VII in 1523 -- he led a looting raid on the Vatican in 1526 and initially shared in the 1527 Sack.
	www.mmdtkw.org /RenRom0800-Sack1527Intro.html (824 words)

	Clement VII Biography / Biography of Clement VII Biography Biography
		Elected pope of the Catholic Church in times of religious and political turmoil, the reign of Clement VII (1478-1534) was marked by a brutal attack on Rome and the defection of King Henry VIII of England.
		Pope Clement VII began his life as Giulio de' Medici on May 26, 1478, in Florence, Italy.
		He was the illegitimate son of Giuliano de' Medici, of the famed Medici family of Florence, who was murdered about a month before his birth.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-clement-vii (245 words)

	AllRefer.com - Clement VII, antipope (Roman Catholic Popes And Antipopes) - Encyclopedia
		AllRefer.com - Clement VII, antipope (Roman Catholic Popes And Antipopes) - Encyclopedia
		Clement VII, antipope, Roman Catholic Popes And Antipopes
		Clement VII antipope (1378–94): see Robert of Geneva.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/X/X-Clement7ap.html (135 words)

	Papal Schism, 100Years War, Black Plague (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		In 1309, shortly after his election, Clement moved the papacy from Rome to Avignon, a town in southern France, where the papacy was to reside until 1376.
		Although the move was undertaken in part to insure the Pope freedom of action, it appeared to many in Europe that the presence of the papacy in France compromised the Pope's independence and made the papacy the vassal of the French crown.
		They fled back to France and declared their election of Urban to be void, since they had been coerced by the Roman mobs, and elected a new Pope, Clement VII.
	www.li.suu.edu /library/courses/hum101/papal.htm (2027 words)

	WHKMLA : Sacco di Roma, 1527
		The mercenaries, among whom were a consuderable number of Lutherans, plundered the city; Pope Clement VII.
		In 1527, the Medici, relatives of Pope Clement VII., were ousted from Florence, for the second time.
		After peace was concluded between the Emperor and France in 1529, Clement VII.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/military/16cen/saccodiroma.html (324 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Clement Marot
		MSN Encarta - Search Results - Clement Marot
		Clement I, Saint (died 101?), pope from about 92 to about 101, first of the ecclesiastical writers called Apostolic Fathers.
		Exclusively for MSN Encarta Premium Subscribers--quickly search thousands of articles from magazines such as Time, Newsweek, The Atlantic Monthly, and Smithsonian.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Clement_Marot.html (100 words)

	Pope Clement VII (Getty Museum) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Following the model that Raphael had established for papal portraits, Sebastiano del Piombo painted Pope Clement VII (Giulio de'Medici) in three-quarter length and seated in an armchair which is placed diagonally to the picture plane.
		In a letter dated July 22, 1531, Sebastiano told Michelangelo that Pope Clement had visited his studio to see a new portrait of himself painted on canvas.
		Pope Clement apparently shared Sebastiano's desire to immortalize his portrait by using this durable support.
	www.getty.edu /art/collections/objects/o1027.html (129 words)

	History of the World: Election Of Antipope Clement VII: Beginning Of The Great Schism@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Election Of Antipope Clement VII: Beginning Of The Great Schism
		In 1308 Pope Clement V, a Frenchman, under the influence of King Philip the Fair, of France, transferred the papal chair from Rome to Avignon, a possession of the holy see beyond the Alps, in Philip's dominions.
		The sojourn there of Clement and his successors, which continued until 1376, is known as the "Babylonish captivity" of the popes.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1P1:28030564&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (209 words)

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