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	Pope Clement VIII - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Clement VIII, né Ippolito Aldobrandini (March 1536 - March 5, 1605) was pope from 1592 to 1605.
		Clement proved to be an able ruler, with an unlimited capacity for work and a lawyer's eye for detail, and a wise statesman, the general object of whose policy was to free the Papacy from its undue dependence upon Spain.
		Clement founded at Rome the for the education of the sons of the richer classes, and augmented the number of national colleges in Rome by opening the for the training of missionaries to Scotland.
	www.northmiami.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Pope_Clement_VIII (764 words)

	Pope Clement VIII - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Clement VIII, né Ippolito Aldobrandini (March 1536 – March 5, 1605) was pope from 1592 to 1605.
		Clement VIII was as merciless as Sixtus V in crushing brigandage in central Italy and in punishing the lawlessness of the Roman nobility.
		Clement founded at Rome the Collegio Clementino for the education of the sons of the richer classes, and augmented the number of national colleges in Rome by opening the Collegio Scozzese for the training of missionaries to Scotland.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Clement_VIII (973 words)

	Antipope Clement VIII - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Clement VIII is one of the antipopes of the Avignon line, reigning from 10 June 1423 to 26 July 1429.
		Clement VIII's fate was bound up with the ambitions of Alfonso V of Aragon.
		In the summer of 1423 Alfonso persuaded the Republic of Siena to acknowledge Clement VIII, thus securing recognition for the pope of the Avignon line in the very city, Pavia, which was part of the Republic of Siena, where the Roman pope Martin V had convened an ecumencial council of the Church.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antipope_Clement_VIII (305 words)

	Pope Clement VIII
		Clement VIII was pope from 1592 to 1605.
		Clement also annexed Ferrara to the Papal States upon the failure of the Este family to produce an heir, the last addition of importance to the Pope's temporal dominions.
		Clement was an able ruler and a wise statesman, the general object of whose policy was to free the Papacy from its undue dependence upon Spain.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/po/Pope_Clement_VIII.html (221 words)

	Pope Clement VIII -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Clement VIII, né Ippolito Aldobrandini (March 1536 - March 5, 1605) was (The head of the Roman Catholic Church) pope from 1592 to 1605.
		Clement proved to be an able ruler, with an unlimited capacity for work and a lawyer's eye for detail, and a wise statesman, the general object of whose policy was to free the Papacy from its undue dependence upon (A parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power) Spain.
		Clement VIII was as merciless as (Click link for more info and facts about Sixtus V) Sixtus V in crushing brigandage in central Italy and in punishing the lawlessness of the Roman nobility.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/po/pope_clement_viii3.htm (551 words)

	CLEMENT - LoveToKnow Article on CLEMENT
		Clement continued the struggle of his predecessors with the emperor Louis the Bavarian, excommunicating him after protracted negotiations on the 13th of April 1346, and directing the election of Charles of Moravia, who received general recognition.
		During this period Clement was mainly occupied in urging Charles to arrest the progress of the Reformation in Germany and in efforts to elude the emperors demand for a general council, which Clement feared lest the question of the mode of his election and his legitimacy should be raised.
		Clement was an unblushing nepotist; three of his nephews he made cardinals, and to one of them gradually surrendered the control of affairs.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /C/CL/CLEMENT.htm (6315 words)

	Biography – Pope Clement VIII – The Papal Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Clement VIII, of a very illustrious Florentine family, was born on the 24th of February, 1535, in the city of Fano, where his father, Sylvester Aldobrandini, was pontifical governor, having been driven from Florence, where he had been secretary of state, by the enmity of Duke Alexander de' Medici.
		Clement, by the bull Sanctissimus, declared the duchy of Ferrara restored to the Holy See, because, in addition to all other reasons, by the terms of a constitution of Saint Pius V it was forbidden to alienate the property of the Church.
		Clement VIII, on his part, caused the princess to be spoken to by several pious and devout persons; and Sully was charged, without concealing anything from Henry IV, with various measures for ascertaining the inclinations of the king's wife.
	www.saint-mike.org /papal-library/ClementVIII/Biography.html (9398 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Clement VII
		Clement's commission empowered Wolsey and Campeggio to pronounce upon the sufficiency of the motives alleged in a certain specified document, viz., the Bull; but the Brief was not contemplated by, and lay outside, their commission.
		Clement retaliated by pronouncing censure against those who threatened to have the king's divorce suit decided by an English tribunal, and forbade Henry to proceed to a new marriage before a decision was given in Rome.
		With regard to Germany, though Clement never broke away from his friendship with Charles V, which was cemented by the coronation at Bologna in 1530, he never lent to the emperor that cordial co-operation which could alone have coped with a situation the extreme difficulty and danger of which Clement probably never understood.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/04024a.htm (2443 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Clement VIII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Upon Clement's elevation to the papacy, the aged saint gave over this important office to Baronius, whom the pope, notwithstanding his reluctance, created a cardinal, and to whom he made his confession every evening.
		It was equally clear to Pope Clement that it was his duty to brave the selfish hostility of Spain by acknowledging the legitimate claims of Henry, as soon as he convinced himself that the latter's conversion was something more than a political manoeuvre.
		Although Clement, in spite of constant fasting, was tortured with gout in feet and hands, his capacity for work was unlimited, and his powerful intellect grasped all the needs of the Church throughout the world.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/04027a.htm (1039 words)

	Christian History Handbook: Early Modern: Lecture Two (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Clement V inaugurated the collection of a new fee from the church, the annate.
		Clement V meekly allowed Philip IV to savagely exterminate the Knights Templars and appropriate their wealth because he feared the alternative might result in even more damage to the Papacy.
		Meanwhile the pronouncements of Boniface VIII against the French king in Salvator mundi were withdrawn and France was officially excluded from the claims of Unam sanctam.
	www.sbuniv.edu /~hgallatin/ht34633e02.html (4331 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Clement XIII
		Clement did not see his way to refuse a request backed by the king's assurances that he had good grounds for his charges, but he begged that the accused might have a careful trial, and that the innocent might not be included in a punishment they had not deserved.
		The text of many of their letters and of Clement XIII's approving replies may be seen in the "Appendices" to Père de Ravignan's "Clément XIII et Clément XIV".
		There were other aspects under which Clement XIII had to contend with the prevailing errors of Regalism and Jansenism in France, Germany, Holland, Poland, and Venice, but these by comparison were of minor moment.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/04032a.htm (2109 words)

	Clement VIII on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Clement absolved Henry IV of France after his abjuration of Protestantism, and the two rulers were thereafter on most friendly terms.
		Clement was distinguished for his piety, and he labored for the improvement of the clergy and of the charitable institutions of Rome.
		Henry VIII "my world is law": life in the court of king Henry VIII may have been lavish, but it was far from happy.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/C/Clement8.asp (395 words)

	Pope Clement VIII
		Clement VIII, given name Ippolito Aldobrandini, Roman Catholic pope from 1592 to 1605, was born at Fano, in 1535.
		Under Clement the publication of the revised edition of the Vulgate, begun by Pope Sixtus V, was finished; the Breviary, Missal and Pontifical received certain corrections; the Index was expanded; the Vatican library enlarged; and the Collegium Clementinum founded.
		Clement died on the 5th of March 1605, and was succeeded by Pope Leo XI.
	www.nndb.com /people/206/000094921 (354 words)

	Encyclopedia: Pope Clement VIII
		Innocent IX, born Gian Antonio Facchinetti de Nuce (July 22, 1519 - December 30, 1591), who was born to a modest working family in the mountainous commune of Cravegna, in the diocese of Novara, northern Italy, was a canon lawyer, diplomat, and chief administrator during the reign of Pope Gregory XIV...
		A view of Campo de Fiori with the monument to Giordano Bruno in the centre Campo de Fiori is a square in Rome, on the edge of rione Parione.
		The Collegio Clementino, sited between the Strada delOrso and the banks of the Tiber in Rome, was founded by Pope Clement VIII in 1595, to to host Slavonian refugees, but it was a stylish venue from the outset.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pope-Clement-VIII (2861 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Pope Clement VIII
		Reversed the policy of his predecessors by allying with France instead of Spain, which had assumed a dictatorial attitude over the papacy.
		Clement absolved Henry IV of France after his abjuration of Protestantism, and the two became very close.
		Clement was distinguished for his piety, and he worked to instill this in the clergy and charitable institutions of Rome.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/pope0231.htm (67 words)

	History of the Popes
		Clement has been identified with the Clement mentioned by St. Paul in his Epistle to the Philippians; but that Clement seems to have been a Philippian.
		Modern scholars think that St. Clement was a freedman or the son of a freedman of the imperial household.
		Clement was exiled by the Emperor Trajan to the Chersonese, modern Crimea.
	www.geocities.com /gvwrite/popes.htm (22170 words)

	Popes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The holder of numerous church offices, he was made cardinal in 1585 by Pope Sixtus V and elected pope as Clement VIII on Jan. 30, 1592.
		Clement then moderated the dominance of the Spanish among the cardinals, reducing their influence on future conclaves of the church.
		In 1597 Clement established a commission to investigate a controversy between the Jesuits and the Dominicans on divine grace and free will, but the issue was not resolved until after his death.
	gallery.euroweb.hu /database/glossary/popes/clemen08.html (308 words)

	Papa Clement VIII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		VIII clemente, né Ippolito Aldobrandini (marcha de 1536 - de marcha la 5 de 1605) era papa a partir de 1592 a 1605.
		Ferrara también anexada clemente a los estados papal sobre la falla de la familia de Este de producir a un heredero, la adición pasada de la importancia para los dominios temporales del papa.
		Clemente eran un regla capaz y un estadista sabio, el objeto general que de política estaba liberar el papado de su dependencia indebida sobre España.
	www.yotor.net /wiki/es/pa/Papa%20Clement%20VIII.htm (267 words)

	Antipope Clement VIII -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Clement VIII is one of the (Click link for more info and facts about antipope) antipopes of (Click link for more info and facts about Avignon) Avignon, reigning 10 January 1423 to 26 July 1429.
		Clement VIII's fate was bound up with the ambitions of (Click link for more info and facts about Alfonso V) Alfonso V of (A region of northeastern Spain; a former kingdom that united with Castile in 1479 to form Spain (after the marriage of Ferdinand V and Isabella I)) Aragon's ambitions.
		Alfonso wished to negotiate for (A port and tourist center in southwestern Italy; capital of the Campania region) Naples, and so gave Clement support: his queen, and the Aragonese bishops supported Martin.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/A/An/Antipope_Clement_VIII3.htm (344 words)

	CLEMENT VIII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Ippolito Aldobrandini was born in 1536 at Fano.
		Clement forbade dueling, revised the breviary, and found time to encourage the poet Tasso and set on foot many works of art.
		Clement took great interest in this matter, but before it could be settled, he was struck down by apoplexy, March 5, 1605.
	www.cfpeople.org /books/pope/POPEp229.htm (513 words)

	Encyclopedia: Antipope Clement VIII
		Excommunication is religious censure which is used to deprive or suspend membership in a religious community.
		Alfonso V of Aragon (also Alfonso I of Naples) (1396 â€“ June 27, 1458), surnamed the Magnanimous, was the King of Aragon and Naples and count of Barcelona from 1416 to 1458.
		Martin V, né Otto di Colonna (1368 - February 20, 1431), pope from 1417 to 1431, was elected on St Martins day at the Council of Constance by a conclave consisting of twenty-three cardinals and thirty delegates of the council, which after deposing John XXIII, had long experienced much...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Antipope-Clement-VIII (939 words)

	St Peter's - Saint Peter's by James Lees-Milne
		In 1594 Clement VIII also had the dome covered with lead and strips of gilt bronze laid along the edges of the sheets.
		Clement and his companions were so awed by the spectacle that after a confabulation His Holiness forbade the sepulchre to be disturbed further and commanded the aperture to be filled with cement in his presence.
		The conservative Clement, who never so much as contemplated departing an inch from the great master's plan for St Peter's, was followed for a brief interval of less than one month by the last of the Medici popes, Leo XI (1605).
	www.stpetersbasilica.org /Docs/JLM/SaintPeters-9.htm (9749 words)

	ninemsn Encarta - Search Results - Clement VIII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Clement VIII (1536-1605), the last pope (1592-1605) of the Counter Reformation.
		Born Ippolito Aldobrandini in Fano in Italy, he was educated at...
		Henry VIII (1491-1547), second Tudor king of England (1509-1547).
	au.encarta.msn.com /Clement_VIII.html (80 words)

	St. Peter's - Papal Altar & Baldacchino (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		It was consecrated by Clement VIII, June 5, 1594, on top of several other older altars.
		It was installed and consecrated here in 1594 by Clement VIII using a large block of marble coming from the Forum of Nerva, including the altar of Callisto II consecrated in 1123.
		On 1 November 1624, on the anniversary of the consecration of Constantine's Basilica by Saint Sylvester, the new Basilica was consecrated by Urban VIII.
	www.stpetersbasilica.org /Altars/PapalAltar/PapalAltar.htm (1795 words)

	The Vatican Comes to Duluth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		He entered the service of the Church, and was rapidly promoted under the reign of Sixtus V. Aldobrandini was made a cardinal in 1585, and had a great reputation as legate to Poland in 1588.
		Clement would often take a confessional in St. Peter’s so that anyone could go to the Pope himself.
		Henry of Navarre had accepted Catholicism, Clement absolved Henry IV, which opened the way for peace in France and the feeling that the danger of Spanish domination over the Papacy was weakening.
	www.css.edu /VaticanDuluth/Clement_VIII_1592-1605.html (179 words)

	Pope Clement VIII: Proceedings of the Conclave that led to his election.
		In consequence the announcement of Clement's accession was hailed with enthusiasm.
		Clement realised that unless the balance of power was readjusted Italy would practically become a Spanish colony.
		Clement VIII had never been of a very sociable disposition, but after his accession he became noticeably more aloof and retiring.
	www.pickle-publishing.com /papers/triple-crown-clement-viii.htm (2474 words)

	CLEMENT VIII - Online Information article about CLEMENT VIII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Clement was an unblushing nepotist; three of his nephews he made cardinals, and to one of them gradually surrendered the See also:
		Rome, 1601-1602) ; Francolini, Ippolito Aldobrandini, eke fu Clemente VIII.
		SKETCH (directly adapted from Dutch schets, which was taken from Ital.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /CHR_CLI/CLEMENT_VIII.html (637 words)

	Pope Clement VIII Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
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	popularityguide.com /encyclopedia/Pope_Clement_VIII (1155 words)

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