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	Clement XI - LoveToKnow 1911
		Clement reaffirmed the infallibility of the pope, in matters of fact (1705), and, in 1713, issued the bull Unigenitus, condemning ioi Jansenistic propositions extracted from the Moral Reflections of Pasquier Quesnel.
		Clement also forbade the practice of the Jesuit missionaries in China of "accommodating" their teachings to pagan notions or customs, in order to win converts.
		Clement was a polished writer, and a generous patron of art and letters.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Clement_XI (327 words)

	Biography – Pope Clement XI – The Papal Library
		Clement IX, in a brief of 1669, approved the decree of his predecessor, as was subsequently done by Innocent XI in various briefs, and Innocent XII in a brief of the 2nd of September, 1691.
		Clement, by a brief of the 12th of February, 1703, condemned the decision of the Case of Conscience as contrary to the constitutions of Innocent X, received by the assembly the clergy in 1700.
		Clement incessantly exhorted the emperor to punish that bravado.
	www.saint-mike.org /papal-library/ClementXI/Biography.html (12312 words)

	Pope Innocent XI
		Joseph Clement was not only the candidate of Emperor Leopold I of Austria but of all European rulers, with the exception of the King of France and his servile supporter, King James II of England.
		Innocent XI was no less intent on preserving the purity of faith and morals among the clergy and the faithful.
		XI de probabilismo decreti historia" (Tournai, 1904), holds that the decree is opposed to Probabilism, while August Lehmkuhl, S.J., in his treatise: "Probabilismus vindicatus" (Freiburg, 1906), 78-111, defends the opposite opinion.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/i/innocent_xi,pope.html (1260 words)

	Biography – Pope Clement X – The Papal Library
		Clement X was born at Rome on the 15th of July, 1590, son of Lorenzo Altieri and Victoria Deiphini, a Venetian lady.
		Clement IX named him, in 1667, his maestro di camera, and just before the death of the pope also gave him the purple.
		Clement in 1671 confirmed the exemptions granted by Gregory XIII to the German College at Rome; and then, on the 16th of October, 1672, he ordered the pupils to swear that at the close of their studies they would set out for Germany without a day's delay.
	www.saint-mike.org /Library/Papal_Library/ClementX/biography.html (1484 words)

	Pope Clement XI
		Sicily was given to Victor Amadeus II of Savoy, with whom from the first days of his pontificate Clement was involved in quarrels on the subjects of ecclesiastical immunities and appointments to vacant benefices.
		When Clement answered with bann and interdict, all the clergy, about 3000 in number, who remained loyal to the Holy See were banished the island, and the pope was forced to give them food and shelter.
		Clement XI made the feast of the Conception of the B.V.M. a Holy Day of obligation, and canonized Pius V, Andrew of Avellino, Felix of Cantalice, and Catherine of Bologna.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/c/clement_xi,pope.html (1822 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Innocent XI
		The whole pontificate of Innocent XI is marked by a continuous struggle with the absolutism of King Louis XIV of France.
		The subsequent fall of James II of England destroyed French preponderance in Europe and soon after Innocent's death the struggle between Louis XIV and the papacy was settled in favour of the Church.
		The process of his beatification was introduced by Benedict XIV and continued by Clement XI and Clement XII, but French influence and the accusation of Jansenism caused it to be dropped.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08021a.htm (1271 words)

	CLEMENT XI
		CLEMENT XI With Charles II of Spain about to die childless, leaving his vast dominions behind him, it was only human that the great Catholic powers should strive to secure a friendly pope.
		Clement XI was only fifty-one when elected, and his vigorous health, great talents, and sincere piety promised a long and successful pontificate.
		Clement's pontificate was indeed long, but it was not too successful.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp241.htm (477 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Clement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		He is traditionally identified with St. Clement of Rome, the likely author of a letter written from there to the Corinthian church in c.AD 96.
		Clement VII c.1475-1534, pope (1523-34), a Florentine named Giulio de' Medici; successor of Adrian VI.
		Clement V 1264-1314, pope (1305-14), a Frenchman named Bertrand de Got; successor of Benedict XI.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Clement&StartAt=11 (620 words)

	Pope Clement VI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Clement VI né Pierre Roger (1291 - December 6 1352) pope (1342 -1352) the fourth of the Avignon popes was elected in May 1342.
		Like his immediate predecessors he was devoted France and he further evinced his French sympathies by refusing a solemn invitation return to Rome and by purchasing the of Avignon from Joanna queen of Naples for 80 000 crowns.
		The other chief incidents of his pontificate his disputes with Edward III of England on account of the latter's encroachments ecclesiastical jurisdiction his excommunication of the Emperor Louis of Bavaria his negotiations for reunion with the Eastern Church and the commencement of Cola di Rienzi 's agitation at Rome.
	www.freeglossary.com /Pope_Clement_VI (273 words)

	Pope Clement I - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pope Clement I, the bishop of Rome also called Clement of Rome and Clemens Romanus, is considered to be the fourth pope, after Anacletus, according to the Roman Catholic tradition.
		Liber Pontificalis believes that Clement of Rome had personally known Saint Peter, and states that he wrote two letters (the second letter, 2 Clement is no longer ascribed to Clement) and that he died in Greece in the third year of Trajan's reign, or 100.
		Clement is also the hero of an early Christian romance or novel that has survived in at least two different versions, known as the Clementine literature, where he is identified with Domitian's cousin T. Flavius Clemens.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Clement_I (510 words)

	Curious And Unusual - Mid-day in Rome
		An official time reference for all the city was therefore an important need for Rome: pope Clement XI must have thought of this when, at the beginning of the 18th century, he gave commission to Francesco Bianchini to build an important and complicated sun-dial in the church of Santa Maria degli Angeli.
		Clement was also the pope who reformed the religious calendar, by introducing a standard parameter to determine the date of Easter day, every year: the first Sunday following the full moon after the spring equinox.
		So Clement XI wanted the sun-dial to act both as a precise time reference for the city's benefit, and as a religious calendar for calculating each year's Easter day.
	mp_pollett.tripod.com /roma-c11.htm (981 words)

	Pope Clement XI - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pope Clement XI (July 23, 1649 – March 19, 1721), born Giovanni Francesco Albani, was Pope from 1700 to 1721.
		Clement XI's family library was sold between 1864 and 1928, and part of it was purchased by The Catholic University of America.
		Clement established a committee, overseen by his favorite artists, Carlo Maratta and Carlo Fontana, to commission statuary of the apostles to complete the decoration of San Giovanni in Laterano.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Clement_XI (428 words)

	Pope Clement XI
		Clement XI, given name Giovanni Francesco Albani, pope from 1700 to 1721, was born in Urbino, on the 22nd of July 1649, received an extraordinary education in letters, theology and law, filled various important offices in the Curia, and finally, on the 23rd of November 1700, succeeding Pope Innocent XII.
		Clement reaffirmed the infallibility of the pope, in matters of fact (1705), and, in 1713, issued the bull Unigenitus, condemning 101 Jansenistic propositions extracted from the Moral Reflections of Pasquier Quesnel.
		The rejection of this bull by certain bishops led to a new party division and a further prolonging of the controversy.
	www.nndb.com /people/214/000094929 (285 words)

	San Clemente - Churches of Rome Wiki - A Wikia wiki
		Pope Clement XI (1702–1715) had the church restored, with Carlo Fontana as architect.
		Beneath the high altar are the tombs of St Clement (moved here in 868), St Flavius Clement (Roman consul and martyr) and St Ignatius of Antioch (believed to have been thrown to the beasts in the Colosseum).
		The feast of Pope St Clement is celebrated with great solemnity on 23 November, as is the feast of Sts Cyril and Methodius on 14 February.
	romanchurches.wikia.com /wiki/San_Clemente (2843 words)

	History of the Popes
		Clement has been identified with the Clement mentioned by St. Paul in his Epistle to the Philippians; but that Clement seems to have been a Philippian.
		Modern scholars think that St. Clement was a freedman or the son of a freedman of the imperial household.
		Clement was exiled by the Emperor Trajan to the Chersonese, modern Crimea.
	www.geocities.com /gvwrite/popes.htm (22170 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Clement
		Clement XI 1649-1721, pope (1700-1721), an Italian (b.
		A legislator and then a judge in his native state, he was twice elected to the U.S. Senate and became an ardent defender of the states' rights doctrine.
		Stuart, Henry Benedict Maria Clement known as Cardinal York, 1725-1807, claimant to the British throne, b.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Clement&StartAt=11 (645 words)

	St Clement
		St Clement, the son of Faustinus, a Roman by birth, was of Jewish extraction; for he tells us himself that he was of the race of Jacob.
		Clement puts pastors and superiors in mind that, with trembling and humility, they should have nothing but the fear of God in view, and take no pleasure in their own power and authority.
		Clement inculcates,[2] that the spirit of Christianity is a spirit of perfect disengagement from the things of this world.
	www.ewtn.com /library/MARY/CLEMENT.htm (1704 words)

	St Peter's - Saint Peter's by James Lees-Milne (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Clement was soon plunged into difficulties with the archduke's brother, the Emperor of Austria, which led to the imperial troops over-running Italy, the capture of Milan and Naples and, in 1707, the invasion of the Papal States.
		Clement XI was further responsible for the monument begun in 1719 to Gregory XIII who had died in 1585.
		Clement XIII was bald, corpulent, deeply pious, timid and sixty-five.
	www.stpetersbasilica.org /Docs/JLM/SaintPeters-11.htm (8321 words)

	Innocent XI - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Como; successor of Clement X. He was elected because of his great saintliness and desire for reform.
		James II of England, Louis's ally, also excited Innocent's displeasure, but there is no proof of the allegation that Innocent supported the Protestant William III in his accession to the English throne.
		Clement XI The Oxford Dictionary of Popes; 1/1/1996; J. 1033 words
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-innocent11.html (261 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Unigenitus
		It was the intention of Clement XI to summon Noailles before the Curia and, if needs be, despoil him of the purple.
		On 8 March, 1718, appeared a Decree of the Inquisition, approved by Clement XI, which condemned the appeal of the four bishops as schismatic and heretical, and that of Noailles as schismatic and approaching to heresy.
		After the death of Clement XI, 19 March, 1721, the appellants continued in their obstinancy during the pontificates of Innocent XIII (1721-24) and Benedict XIII (1724-30).
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15128a.htm (1592 words)

	Pope Clement XIII: Proceedings of the Conclave that led to his election.
		Clement XI Innocent XIII Benedict XIII Clement XII Benedict XIV Clement XIII Clement XIV Pius VI
		All this was done with the utmost promptitude and discretion, for it was most necessary that Rezzonico should be elected as soon as his name had been proposed, so as to obviate the possibility of a veto being obtained against him as it had been against Cavalchini.
		Clement issued bull upon bull excommunicating all those responsible for the exodus, but that helped in no way to solve the problem of how to feed, house and occupy these hordes of clerics.
	www.pickle-publishing.com /papers/triple-crown-clement-xiii.htm (2730 words)

	Pope Clement XI and his Love of Fountains.
		Clement XI asked Carlo Francesco Bizzaccheri to design this fountain and it was completed in 1715.
		The lower area of the fountain is in the shape of a star, which is believed to be giving honor to the Pope, as an eight sided star it is part of his family crest.
		Clement XI rose to pontificate in November of 1700, and he died March 1721.
	www.history1700s.com /store/fountains.shtml (282 words)

	CLEMENT XI - Online Information article about CLEMENT XI
		Clement also forbade the practice of the Jesuit missionaries in See also:
		Clement was a polished writer, and a generous See also:
		XI.," by Pometti in the Archiaio Bella R.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /CHR_CLI/CLEMENT_XI.html (531 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of February 13, 1690
		During his nunciature in London, he was charged by Pope Innocent XI with the task of inducing the English monarch to intercede with King Louis XIV of France, in favor of the oppressed Protestants of that country.
		Cleric of the Apostolic Chamber in the pontificate of Pope Innocent XI (1676-1689).
		Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace in the pontificate of Innocent XI (1676-1689).
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/bios1690.htm (3713 words)

	Notre Dame Archives: ANO 1790/08/17
		Because of the expensive war with the Mohammendans, Philip V of Spain has asked for a subsidy to be levied on the income of the churches in his territory.
		Clement grants him six percent of the income of all religious organizations in the West Indies until the sum of two million ducats is raised.
		Reiterates the stipulations of Clement XI, in the brief of March 8, 1721.
	archives.nd.edu /mano/17900817.htm (382 words)

	Pope Clement XI: Leading Catholicism 1700-1721 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		To help ensure that the clocks in Rome were synchronized, particularly so that masses could be held at the correct times, he had built a sundial to be used as a reference or standard for all the area clocks.
		Pope Clement XI also reformed the religious calendar and established a set method to determine the date for Easter.
		Pope Clement XI also established the Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary as a Holy Day of Obligation.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/catholic_christianity/21137 (454 words)

	ICR Cantiere San Clemente
		The existence of a church of San Clemente was mentioned by St Jerome in the fourth century, a council under pope Zosimus was held in the basilica of San Clemente in 417 and it is listed as one of the titular churches of Rome in the synod of 499.
		The monumental complex of San Clemente consists, then, in the upper 12th century basilica with its conventual buildings, the lower early Christian basilica with its surrounding structures and lower again, a residence, a mithraic temple and an industrial complex, all dating to the period of the Roman empire.
		In the upper basilica the ICR has restored the famous frescos of Masolino da Panicale in the Branda Castiglione chapel and also in collaboration with the "Soprintendenza per i beni artisitci e storici di Roma" the 12 th cent.
	www.icr.beniculturali.it /Sito_rel_02/sclemente4.htm (497 words)

	Catholic Culture : Document Library : Leo XIII's Decision on Anglican Orders: The Extrinsic Argument
		The decision of Clement XI (1704) and Leo XIII (1896) merely reiterated pontifical decisions given by Popes Julius and Paul between 1553 and 1555.
		The reigning Pontiff, Clement XI, decreed, April 17, 1704, that the "said John Clement Gordon be ordained fully and absolutely to all Orders, and particularly to that of priesthood." In any event, 1704 marks nothing more than the adjudication of a case which inaugurated a new series of documents emanating from the Apostolic See.
		In adjudicating the case, Clement XI grounded his judgment of the Anglican orders of Gordon on defect of "form." Great importance is attached by Catholic controversialists to the fact that the papal action is the connecting link in clear-headed consistency on the part of Rome.
	www.catholicculture.org /docs/doc_view.cfm?recnum=6237&longdesc (4663 words)

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