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	Pope Clement XIV - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Clement's policies were calculated from the outset to smooth the breaches with the Catholic Crowns that had developed during the previous pontificate.
		By yielding the Papal claims to Parma, Clement obtained the restitution of Avignon and Benevento, and in general he succeeded in placing the relations of the spiritual and the temporal authorities on a friendlier footing.
		Clement went on to engage in the suppression of the Jesuits, the decree to this effect not being written until November 1772, and not signed until July 1773.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Clement_XIV (824 words)

	Pope Clement XIII - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Clement XIII, né Carlo della Torre Rezzonico (Venice, March 7, 1693 – Rome, February 2, 1769), was pope from 1758 to 1769.
		Clement warmly espoused the order in a papal bull Apostolicum pascendi, January 7, 1765, which dismissed criticisms of the Jesuits as calumnies and praised the order's usefulness; it was largely ignored: by 1768 the Jesuits had been expelled from France, the Two Sicilies and Parma.
		Driven to extremes, Clement consented to call a consistory to consider the step, but on the very eve of the day set for its meeting he died (February 2, 1769), not without suspicion of poison, of which, however, there appears to be no conclusive evidence.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Clement_XIII (717 words)

	Biography – Pope Clement XIII – The Papal Library
		Clement XIII was born at Venice, March 7, 1693, of noble patricians of that republic, John Baptist Rezzonico and Victoria Barbadigo.
		By a constitution of June 18, 1765, Clement exempted from all jurisdiction the monastery of Monte Oliveto Maggiore, mother-house of the congregation of the Olivetans in the diocese of Pienza in Tuscany.
		Clement XIII, by a decree of March 9, 1766, approved two miracles; and Clement XIV assigned the office and Mass of this saint to the 21st of August for the whole Church.
	www.saint-mike.org /library/papal_library/ClementXIII/biography.html (8915 words)

	Pope Clement XIII
		Clement XIII (March 7, 1693 - February 2, 1769) was pope 1758-1769.
		Notwithstanding the meekness and affability of his character, his pontificate was disturbed by perpetual contentions respecting the investiture of Parma, and subsequently by the demands of France, Spain, the Two Sicilies, and Portugal for the suppression of the Jesuits.
		Clement warmly espoused the cause of the order in papal bull issued on January 7, 1765.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/po/Pope_Clement_XIII.html (163 words)

	CLEMENT XIII
		Clement XIII had to face the terrible onslaught of the Catholic powers on the Jesuits.
		Clement XIII objected, but his remonstrances only provoked a rupture of diplomatic relations between Portugal and the Vatican.
		While Clement's memory is held in honor by all who admire courage and adherence to principle, it is especially revered by Catholics because Clement XIII is the pope who, against much opposition, established the beautiful feast of the Sacred Heart of Jesus.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp246.htm (488 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Clement XIV
		At the death of Clement XIII the Church was in dire distress.
		Without revoking the constitution of Clement XIII against he young Duke of Parma's inroads on the rights of the Church, he refrained from urging its execution, and graciously granted him a dispensation to marry his cousin, the Archduchess Amelia, daughter of Maria Theresa of Austria.
		Clement XIII had hoped to silence their enemies by renewing the approbation of their Institute, "but the Holy See derived no consolation, the Society no help, Christianity no advantage from the Apostolic letters of Clement XIII, of blessed memory, letters which were wrung from him rather than freely given".
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/04034a.htm (4356 words)

	Pope Clement XIV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Clement XIV, né Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli (Sant'Arcangelo di Romagna, October 31, 1705 - Rome, September 22, 1774) was pope from 1769 to 1774.
		The claims that Clement XIV was poisoned were dismissed by those connected to him, and as the Annual Register for 1774 stated, he was over 70 and had been in ill health for some time.
		Clement expired on September 22, 1774, execrated by the Ultramontane party, but regretted by his subjects for his excellent temporal administration.
	www.free-download-soft.com /info/unix-development-tools-libraries-soapy.html (691 words)

	Pope Clement XIV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Clement XIV (died September 22, 1774) was pope from 1769 to 1774.
		By yielding the Papal claims to Parma, he obtained the restitution of Avignon and Benevento, and in general he succeeded in placing the relations of the spiritual and the temporal authorities on a satisfactory footing.
		In either case his action was abundantly justified, and to allege that though beneficial to the world it was detrimental to the church is merely to insist that the interests of the Papacy are not the interests of mankind.
	www.portaljuice.com /pope_clement_xiv.html (650 words)

	St Peter's - Monument to Clement XIII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Monument to Pope Clement XIII immediately appears quite innovative with respect to the previous examples in the Basilica, which are substantially based on the Bernini tombs, since it has greater spatial depth and eliminates the traditional feminine figures symbolizing the virtues, replacing them with pagan Allegories.
		Clement XIII's pontificate was dominated by the issue of the Jesuits; he was under heavy pressure to suppress the order, but he died before a special consistory met.
		CLEMENTI XIII / REZZONICO / P.M. ("To Clement XIII, Rezzonian, supreme pontiff, [by the] sons of your brother" - Trans.
	www.stpetersbasilica.org /Monuments/ClementXIII/ClementXIII.htm (818 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Clement XIII
		Clement did not see his way to refuse a request backed by the king's assurances that he had good grounds for his charges, but he begged that the accused might have a careful trial, and that the innocent might not be included in a punishment they had not deserved.
		The text of many of their letters and of Clement XIII's approving replies may be seen in the "Appendices" to Père de Ravignan's "Clément XIII et Clément XIV".
		There were other aspects under which Clement XIII had to contend with the prevailing errors of Regalism and Jansenism in France, Germany, Holland, Poland, and Venice, but these by comparison were of minor moment.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/04032a.htm (2109 words)

	Pope Clement XIII - Wikipedia
		CLEMENT XIII, pope (1758-1769), born Carlo Rezzonico and previously bishop of Padua.
		Notwithstanding the meekness and affability of his character, his pontificate was disturbed by perpetual contentions respecting the investiture of Parma, and subsequently by the demands of France, Spain, and Portugal for the suppression of the Jesuits.
		Clement warmly espoused the cause of the order in an apostolical brief issued in 1765.
	nostalgia.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Clement_XIII (160 words)

	Pope Clement XIII -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The pamphlet titled the Brief Relation, which represented the Jesuits as having set up virtually an independent kingdom in South America under their own sovereignty, and of tyrannizing the Indians, all in the interest of an insatiable ambition and avarice, whether or not it was completely true, was damaging to the Jesuit cause.
		Driven to extremities, Clement consented to call a (A church tribunal or governing body) Consistory to consider the step, but on the very eve of the day set for its meeting he died (February 2, 1769), not without suspicion of poison, of which, however, there appears to be no conclusive evidence.
		Clement XIII was "the honestest man in the world; a most exemplary ecclesiastic; of the purest morals; devout, steady, learned, diligent..."
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/po/pope_clement_xiii3.htm (400 words)

	Clement XIII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Though a congregation of bishops assembled at Paris in December 1761 recommended no action, Louis XVpromulgated a royal order premitting the Society to remain in the kingdom, with the proviso that certain essentially liberalizingchanges in their institution satisfy the Parlement with a French Jesuit vicar- general who should be independent of the generalin Rome.
		The king's letter to Clement XIIIpromised that his allowance of 100 piastres each a year would be withdrawn for the whole Order, should any one of them venture atany time to write anything in self-defence or in criticism of the motives for the expulsion, motives that he refused to discuss,then or in the future.
		Driven to extremities, Clement consented to call a Consistory to considerthe step, but on the very eve of the day set for its meeting he died (February 2, 1769), not without suspicion of poison, ofwhich, however, there appears to be no conclusive evidence.
	www.therfcc.org /clement-xiii-340364.html (588 words)

	Pope Clement Xi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Pope Clement Xi Pope Clement Xi Clement XI, né Giovanni Francesco Albani (July 23, 1649 - March 19, 1721) was pope from 1700 to 1721.
		Another important decision of this Pope's was that by which the Jesuit missionaries were forbidden to take a part in honor paid to Confucius or the ancestors of the emperors of China, which Clement identified as idolatrous, and to accommodate Christian language to pagan ideas under plea of conciliating the heathen.
		The political troubles of the time greatly embarrassed Clement's relations with the leading Catholic powers, and the moral prestige of the Holy See suffered much from his compulsory recognition of the Archduke Charles of Austria as king of Spain.
	www.wikiverse.org /pope-clement-xi (307 words)

	Pope Clement XIII - Definition up Erdmond.Com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Clement XIII by Anton_Raphael_Mengs He was born Carlo Rezzonico in Venice, became a cardinal in 1737, and had previously been bishop of Padua.
		Notwithstanding the meekness and affability of his character, his pontificate was disturbed by perpetual contentions respecting the investiture of Parma, and subsequently by the demands of France, Spain, the Two_Sicilies, and Portugal for the suppression of the Jesuits.
		Clement warmly espoused the cause of the order in papal bull issued on January_7, 1765.
	www.erdmond.com /Pope_Clement_XIII.html (185 words)

	Encyclopedia: Pope Clement XIII
		Pope Clement XIV, O.F.M., born Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli (Sant Arcangelo di Romagna, 31 October 1705 - Rome, 22 September 1774), was pope from 1769 to 1774.
		Papal bull of Pope Urban VIII, 1637, sealed with a leaden bulla.
		From the Annual Register, for 1758: Clement XIII was "the honestest man in the world; a most exemplary ecclesiastic; of the purest morals; devout, steady, learned, diligent..." 1758 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pope-Clement-XIII (2543 words)

	Clement XIII, Lives of the Saints, Rosary CD online, Rosary Video, CatholicRadioDramas.com
		No explanation was given beyond the king's letter to Clement XIII, stating that the king found it necessary to expel the Jesuit subjects for his own reasons which would not revealed and he was sending them all to Civitavecchia to the pope's care.
		Clement died under the shock and strain of this on February 2, 1769 at the age of 76.
		Clement XIII Encyclical to the Church in Poland
	www.catholicradiodramas.com /Saints_Works_C/Clement%20XIII_Biography.htm (1130 words)

	CLEMENT XIV
		Clement XIV, as Ganganelli chose to be called, promptly threw over the firm policy of Clement XIII.
		But though mildly pleased, the courts were not satisfied with the new Pope, because Clement showed no eagerness to suppress an order so devoted to the Pope, so praised by popes down to his predecessor, Clement XIII.
		Clement XIV felt his unhappy position keenly and under the strain his health gave way.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp247.htm (488 words)

	Bl. Clement of Osimo and Bl. Augustine of Tarano - Augustinian Saints
		Clement (died 1291) was a leader of the Augustinian Order known for his spirit of fraternal charity and life of poverty.
		Augustine (died 1309?) was a leader of the Augustinian Order known for his humility, his zeal for religious observance and his love of contemplation in a setting of community brotherhood.
		He collaborated with Blessed Clement in the revision of the Regensburg Constitutions of the Order (the basic law by which the Order is governed).
	www.midwestaugustinians.org /saints_clementosimo.html (487 words)

	Pope Clement XIII
		He was born a noble of Venice, received a Jesuit education in Bologna and became a cardinal in 1737.
		Clement warmly espoused the Order in a papal bull Apostolicum pascendi issued on January 7, 1765, which was largely ignored.
		The night of April 2 - 3, 1767, all the Jesuit houses of Spain were suddenly surrounded, the inhabitants arrested, shipped to the ports in the clothes they were wearing and bundled onto ships for Civitavecchia.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/pope_clement_xiii (553 words)

	Pope Innocent Xiii (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Innocent XIII, né Michael Angelo Conti (May 13, 1655 - March 7, 1724), pope from 1721 to 1724, became cardinal under Clement XI in 1706.
		From 1697 to 1710 he acted as papal nuncio to the kingdom of Portugal, where he is believed to have formed those unfavourable impressions of the Jesuits which afterwards influenced his conduct towards them.
		This indication of his sympathies encouraged some French bishops to approach him with a petition for the recall of the bull "Unigenitus" by which Jansenism had been condemned; the request, however, was peremptorily denied.
	www.wikiverse.org /pope-innocent-xiii (265 words)

	Encyclopedia: Pope Clement XIV
		Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar.
		Ultramontanism literally alludes to a policy supporting those dwelling beyond the mountains (ultra montes), that is beyond the Alps - generally referring to the Pope in Rome.
		Leo X, born Giovanni di Lorenzo de Medici (11 December 1475, Florence â€“ 1 December 1521, Rome), pope between 1513 and his death, is known primarily for his failure to stem the Protestant Reformation, which began during his reign when Martin Luther first attacked the Roman Catholic Church.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pope-Clement-XIV (2586 words)

	Searchable Papal Encyclicals
		Clement exhorts the bishops to unity and charity towards their flocks, condemns desire for glory, and commends almsgiving, prayer, frequent offering of the the Mass, and sound teaching.
		Clement proclaims a universal jubilee with an accompanying plenary indulgences, to mark the beginning of his pontificate.
		Clement proclaims a Holy Year for 1775, and grants a plenary indulgences to those who make a pilgrimage to Rome during that year, fulfilling the requirements which he sets forth.
	www.hismercy.ca /content/church_docs/encyclicals/encyclicals.html (3845 words)

	Pope Clement XIII: Proceedings of the Conclave that led to his election.
		All this was done with the utmost promptitude and discretion, for it was most necessary that Rezzonico should be elected as soon as his name had been proposed, so as to obviate the possibility of a veto being obtained against him as it had been against Cavalchini.
		Physically Clement XIII was undersized and slightly deformed, having one shoulder higher than the other.
		Clement issued bull upon bull excommunicating all those responsible for the exodus, but that helped in no way to solve the problem of how to feed, house and occupy these hordes of clerics.
	www.pickle-publishing.com /papers/triple-crown-clement-xiii.htm (2730 words)

	Rome - Tomb of Clement XIII
		The Pietà is situated in the extreme northeast corner of the basilica, to the right of the central entrance to the church (number 12 in plan of St. Peter's).
		In order to reach it from the tomb of Clement XIII, we must traverse almost the entire length of the structure.
		It is in a lonely chapel considerably removed from the tread of the many feet that press the pavement of the nave.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles26/rome-12.shtml (638 words)

	AllRefer.com - Clement XIV, pope (Roman Catholic Popes And Antipopes) - Encyclopedia
		Clement XIV, pope, Roman Catholic Popes And Antipopes
		Clement XIV 1705–74, pope (1769–74), an Italian (b.
		Clement XIV's part in the suppression of the Jesuits (see Jesus, Society of) has been greatly discussed; he was probably pressured into it.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/Clement14.html (225 words)

	Pope Clement XIV
		This memorable measure, which takes rank in history as the most remarkable, perhaps the only really substantial, concession ever made by a Pope to the spirit of his age, has covered Clement's memory with obloquy in his church.
		No Pope has better merited the title of a virtuous man, or has given a more perfect example of integrity, unselfishness, and aversion to nepotism.
		The history of Clement's administration has been written in a spirit of the most violent detraction by Cretineau-Joly, and perhaps too unreservedly in the opposite spirit by Father Theiner, the custodian of the archives of the Vatican.
	www.fact-index.com /p/po/pope_clement_xiv.html (659 words)

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