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	Clementine mission - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The objective of the mission was to test sensors and spacecraft components under extended exposure to the space environment and to make scientific observations of the Moon and the near-Earth asteroid 1620 Geographos.
		The mission ended in June 1994 when the power level onboard dropped to a point where the telemetry from the spacecraft was no longer intelligible.
		NASA announced on March 5, 1998 that data obtained from Clementine indicated that there is enough water in polar craters of the moon to support a human colony and a rocket fueling station.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Clementine_mission (2403 words)

	Space Exploration Abstracts
		Several essential findings of Galileo’s primary mission are as follows: the presence of a metallic core; volcanic ice flow, and melting or "rafting" of ice, which supports the premise of subsurface liquid oceans; and finally, the existence of a magnetic field.
		The Pathfinder mission was more of a success than past landing missions because the last successful landing mission on Mars was Viking 2 in 1975, however it was a failure because of the obvious fact that it did not return to earth or uncover any information as to the presence of life on Mars.
		The Viking Mission consisting of the Viking 1 and 2 landers and orbiters was the first mission ever to successfully reach Mars and operate on the surface of the planet.
	www.unc.edu /~hayts/abstract.html (4844 words)

	Lessons Learned From the Clementine Mission (Chapter 3)
		Clementine operated quite differently from most large space science missions flown during the last two decades, but it is anticipated that many future NASA missions will function along the lines of Clementine.
		The cost of the Clementine mission was, according to the figures supplied to COMPLEX (see Table 1.1), significantly lower (in inflation-adjusted dollars) than that of any previous planetary mission, and less than the projected expenses of three of the four Discovery missions selected to date (see Table 3.1).
		Clementine's operations team was able to accommodate orbit-by-orbit variations in the configuration or operational mode of instruments based on the science team's examination of data already in hand.
	www.nap.edu /readingroom/books/ssb_html/Clementine/clem-ch3.shtml (2834 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Clementine mission, sponsored by the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) (formerly known as the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization) was launched Jan. 25 from Vandenberg Air Force Base on a Titan II-G rocket; the 231-kilogram (508-pound) spacecraft went into a polar lunar orbit Feb.
		Clementine is scheduled to reach Geographos on Aug. 31, after which time more than 2,000 images will be recorded and stored on board in the solid-state memory for later playback to Earth.
		Clementine's cameras will be programmed to autonomously track the asteroid while passing from the dark to the sunlit side at close range; as the spacecraft goes by, most of the illuminated side will come into view.
	www.textfiles.com /ufo/UFOBBS/2000/2395.ufo (1023 words)

	Artemis Project: Clementine Mission Notes
		The Clementine spacecraft was built at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, DC and carried sensors, attitude control systems and software designed and built by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL).
		Clementine was launched on January 25, 1994, from Vandenburg Air Force Base aboard a Titan IIG rocket.
		Clementine has 12 small attitude control jets that were used to orient the spacecraft to point the cameras toward desired targets.
	www.asi.org /adb/m/02/09/mission-notes.html (870 words)

	LPI Clementine Mission Homepage
		Clementine was the first of a new class of small spacecraft to enable long-duration deep space missions at low cost using lightweight satellite technology.
		Clementine was launched on January 25, 1994, from Vandenburg Air Force Base onboard a Titan IIG rocket.
		In the case of Clementine, filters were assigned to observe areas in the visible and near-infrared spectrum that are sensitive to variations in bulk mineralogy (principally the abundance of iron-bearing silicates) and the cumulative amount of soil maturity.
	www.lpi.usra.edu /expmoon/clementine/clementine.html (811 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The mission was subsequently expanded by two months to include mapping of the Moon to demonstrate spacecraft and sensor performance prior to the demanding asteroid flyby mission.
		Clementine has 12 small attitude control jets that were used to orient the spacecraft to point the cameras to desired targets.
		The Clementine filters were selected to characterize the broad lunar continuum and to sample parts of the spectrum that are known to contain absorption bands diagnostic of iron- bearing minerals and plagioclase feldspar, the dominant mineral constituents of the lunar crust.
	clementine.cnes.fr /documentation/volinfo.txt (4297 words)

	Articles - Moon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In 2004, a team led by Dr. Ben Bussey of Johns Hopkins University using images taken by the Clementine mission determined that four mountainous regions on the rim of the 73 km wide Peary crater at the Moon´s north pole appeared to remain illuminated for the entire Lunar day.
		Clementine´s images were taken during the northern Lunar hemisphere´s summer season, and it remains unknown whether these four mountains are shaded at any point during their local winter season.
		The results of the Clementine mission suggested that small, frozen pockets of water ice (remnants of water-rich comet impacts) may be embedded unmelted in the permanently shadowed regions of the lunar crust.
	www.spotgps.com /articles/Moon (4126 words)

	Clementine Mission Objectives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Clementine used the spacecraft's ISA and the Moon as targets to test the detection and acquisition capabilities of the sensors at realistic closing velocities while evaluating the effects of long-term exposure to a deep space environment.
		The second key objective of the Clementine mission was to use the BMDO technology demonstration as an opportunity to collect data of interest to the international civilian scientific sector.
		The mission moved from conceptual design through launch and mission operations in less than two years at a cost of less than $80 million, which is significantly lower than other recent deep space missions.
	www.pxi.com /Clementine/mission/objectives.html (236 words)

	Clementine to the Moon
		The Clementine mission was undertaken by the Department of Defense to test new technologies for defense and cilivian applications.
		Clementine headed for a flyby of asteroid 1620 Geographos, but the spacecraft suffered a failure that prevented it from obtaining images of this world.
		Clementine was one of the first of the new "faster, better, cheaper" planetary missions that use light-weight components, advanced technology, and rapid manufacturing techniques.
	www.solarviews.com /eng/clem.htm (273 words)

	The Clandestine Moon: An Overview
		Clementine was launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base, captured 1.8 million images of the Moon's surface and the imaging data is accessed via the afore mentioned Navy military server with a link to it in the "Documentation" section of this report.
		First, it was a military mission because the satellite's orbits around the Moon might be objected to by whoever they know is already on the Moon and, if so and something went wrong, tight military level secrect control would be needed over the potential results of this.
		Because this Clementine Moon imaging is full of this kind of tiny evidence and understanding this is important to understanding the nature of the tampering, what is is hiding, and its other implications.
	marsanomalyresearch.com /evidence-reports/2004/066/clandestine-moon.htm (6028 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Lessons Learned from the Clementine Mission (1997)
		The Clementine experience indicates that such a schedule can be adequate, but only if the Discovery projects enjoy the other advantages of Clementine, such as unchanging objectives, disciplined management, a proven launch vehicle, and resources made available according to the original plan.
		The cost of the Clementine mission was, according to the figures supplied to COMPLEX (see Table 1.1), significantly lower (in inflation-adjusted dollars) than that of any previous planetary mission, and less than the projected expenses of three of the four Discovery missions selected to date (Table 3.1).
		In the technology arena, Clementine was successful in achieving its goal of space-qualifying sensors and spacecraft subsystems, but the mission failed before autonomous acquisition and tracking of a moving object could be tested.
	www.nap.edu /openbook/0309058392/html/13.html (751 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Clementine, sponsored by the Strategic Defense Initiative Office (SDIO), is scheduled to be launched in January 1994.
		Clementine's mission objectives are to test new, lightweight sensors in a space radiation environment and to demonstrate autonomous navigation and spacecraft operation.
		The science team members plan to take the scientific data received from the Clementine mission and put it in a form that is easily accessible to the planetary science community.
	science.ksc.nasa.gov /shuttle/missions/news/1993/h04.12.93 (422 words)

	USGS Astrogeology: Clementine Mission
		The Clementine spacecraft successfully mapped the Moon with 4 cameras (UVVIS 415-1000nm; NIR 1100-2789 nm; HI-RES 415-750 nm; LWIR 9 microns) over the period February through May 1994.
		The DoD/ BMDO Clementine spacecraft was built and operated by the Naval Research Laboratory, with remote-sensing instruments from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
		About 50,000 Clementine images have been processed and mosaicked to produce a global map of the Moon's albedo (normalized brightness or reflectivity) at a wavelength of 750 nm (just longward of visible red).
	astrogeology.usgs.gov /Projects/Clementine/index.html (1231 words)

	Clementine Lunar Image Browser 1.5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Below is an image of the moon derived from data accumulated by the Clementine satellite.
		NRL was responsible for the design, manufacture, integration, and mission execution of the Clementine spacecraft for the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization.
		The Laboratory provides the Clementine Lunar Image Browser as a courtesy to scientific researchers, as well as the general public, and you are welcome to browse the over 170,000 images that are available.
	www.cmf.nrl.navy.mil /clementine/clib (276 words)

	Clementine
		The Pentagon announced on December 3, 1996 that data acquired by the Clementine spacecraft indicates that there is ice in the bottom of a crater on the Moon.
		By implementing the "faster, cheaper, better" management approach, Clementine was able to move from conceptual design to launch in only 22 months and at a cost of 80 million dollars (including the launch and mapping operations).
		The Pentagon announced on December 3, 1996, that radar data acquired by the Clementine spacecraft indicated ice in the bottom of a crater on the South Pole of the Moon.
	www.cmf.nrl.navy.mil /clementine (826 words)

	Spacecraft
		The main scientific goal of the mission is to measure the mass, momentum and energy of the solar wind that somehow is transferred into the space environment around the Earth.
		Although much has been learned from previous space missions about the general nature of this huge transfer, it is necessary to gather a great deal of detailed information from several strategic regions of space around the Earth before scientists understand the ways in which the planet's atmosphere responds to changes in the solar wind.
		Later in the mission, the Wind spacecraft will be inserted into a special halo orbit in the solar wind upstream from the Earth, at the unique distance which allows Wind to always remain between the Earth and the Sun (about 930,000 to 1,050,000 miles, or 1,500,000 to 1,690,000 kilometers, from the Earth).
	www.nineplanets.org /spacecraft.html (3254 words)

	ipedia.com: Clementine mission Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Clementine was a joint space project between the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization and NASA.
		The objective of the mission was to test sensors and spacecraft components under extended exposure to...
		Clementine was a joint space project between the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO, née the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization, or SDIO) and NASA.
	www.ipedia.com /clementine_mission.html (822 words)

	Clementine Mission Details (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Clementine spacecraft was launched into a low-Earth orbit by a Titan IIG on January 25, 1994, only 22 months after formal acceptance of the program by NRL.
		On February 3, a solid-fueled rocket integral to the spacecraft was fired to achieve a trajectory to the Moon.
		In contrast to the Apollo missions, which had large fuel reserves to support a direct trajectory to the Moon with arrival in approximately 4 days, Clementine used fuel-efficient phasing loops to get to the vicinity of the Moon and fired its liquid-fueled propulsion system to enter lunar orbit on February 19.
	www.pxi.com /Clementine/mission/details.html (1108 words)

	Clementine Spacecraft
		Clementine Spacecraft was launched on 25 January 1994 at Vandenberg AFB aboard a Titan IIG rocket.
		The highly successful Clementine mission to the Moon in 1994 gave scientists their first global look at the Moon, and both the near and far side were mapped.
		This atlas is based on the data collected by the Clementine mission.
	www.aerospaceguide.net /spaceprobe/clementinespacecraft.html (164 words)

	Clementine (Dani Eder; Henry Spencer; Jordin Kare)
		Clementine is flying a state-of-the-art laser rangefinder, with 200 mJ laser pulses at up to 8 Hz for a limited number of pulses, or 1 Hz indefinitely.
		Clementine is not primarily a lunar science mission; scientific objectives are formally secondary to BMDO objectives.
		A feature of the Clementine software development was the use of SCL, the Spacecraft Command Language, which is a high-level language developed expressly for operating spacecraft, with appropriate ability to schedule and prioritize events that may be driven by spacecraft resources (power, instrument availability) or external events both predictable (sunrise) and unpredictable (component failure)...
	yarchive.net /space/spacecraft/clementine.html (4452 words)

	Clementine mission: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Clementine was a joint space project between the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization Missile Defense Agency quick summary:
		The objective of the mission was to test sensors and spacecraft components under extended exposure to the space environment and to make scientific observations of the Moon[For more, click on this link] and the near-Earth asteroid[For more, click on this link] 1620 Geographos 1620 Geographos quick summary:
		A rocket is a vehicle, missile or aircraft which obtains thrust by the reaction to the ejection of fast moving exhaust gas from within a rocket...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/cl/clementine_mission.htm (4366 words)

	Clementine Mission Description (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Clementine is a Department of Defense Program to demonstrate a new generation of technology for DOD and civilian space applications.
		Secondly, the clementine mission was designed and built using very aggressive engineering methods and attitudes.
		The Clementine spacecraft (445K GIF) was designed, integrated, and is operated by the Naval Research Laboratory.
	www-phys.llnl.gov /clementine/whatis_clementine.html (338 words)

	Small Explorers of the Future - The Clementine Mission to the Moon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Rustan, the Clementine mission director, will discuss why the Clementine program was started, how it was managed and the implications for future small satellite projects.
		The Clementine mission to the moon was designed to flight test 23 advanced, lightweight technologies, using three celestial bodies (the Earth, moon, and a near-Earth asteroid) as targets.
		In 1992 he was selected to manage the Clementine mission, the first Department of Defense mission to deep space.
	oea.larc.nasa.gov /news_rels/1996/Mar96/96_17.html (212 words)

	The Clementine Mission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Clementine mission was launched in January 1994 and operated until June 1995.
		Clementine was conceived as a flight test of over 23 advanced lightweight technologies developed by US DoD missile defense and related programs.
		The technological and scientific results of the Clementine mission will be reviewed with a focus on their relevance for future exploration of the Moon.
	centaur.sstl.co.uk /LectureSeries/abstracts2001/S_Nozette_abs.htm (202 words)

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