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Topic: Cleomenes III

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	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 793 (v. 1)
		It chanced that Cleomenes had his daughter Gorgo, n, child eight or nine years old, standing by; and at this point she broke in, and said " Father, go away, or he will do you harm." And Cleomenes on this recovered his resolution, and left the room.
		Cleomenes invaded Argolis, conveying his forces by sea to the neighbourhood of Tiryns ; defeated by a simple stratagem the whole Argive forces, and pursued a large number of fugitives into the wood of the hero Argus.
		Cleomenes Avas endowed, according to Plutarch, with a noble spirit; in moderation and simplicity
	www.ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/0802.html (1059 words)

	Cleomenes III - LoveToKnow 1911
		CLEOMENES III., the son and successor of Leonidas II., reigned about 235-219 B.C. Ile made a determined attempt to reform the social condition of Sparta along the lines laid down by Agis IV., whose widow Agiatis he married; at the same time he aimed at restoring Sparta's hegemony in the Peloponnese.
		After twice defeating the forces of the Achaean League in Arcadia, near Mount Lycaeum and at Leuctra,he strengthened his position by assassinating four of the ephors, abolishing the ephorate, which had usurped the supreme power, and banishing some eighty of the leading oligarchs.
		Both as general and as politician Cleomenes was one of Sparta's greatest men, and with him perished her last hope of recovering her ancient supermacy in Greece.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Cleomenes_III (280 words)

	Cleomenes III: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library
		At home his reforms were revolutionary: the kingship was made the supreme power, the ephorate was abolished, and the citizenship was widely extended, apparently to decrease the danger of discontent and to ally the people with the king.
		Cleomenes came to his downfall...allied with Antigonus III of Macedon, routed the Spartan army.
		The attacks of Cleomenes III on the Achaean League caused its leader, Aratus...led his troops south in 224.
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/101237873 (1082 words)

	Cleomenes III Summary
		Cleomenes III was the son of King Leonidas of Sparta.
		This social revolution provided Cleomenes with both the means to restore Spartan greatness, a general support in the rest of the Peloponnese and the reason for its eventual failure.
		Cleomenes was deposed and was killed in exile in Egypt in 219 BC.
	www.bookrags.com /Cleomenes_III (1235 words)

	Biographies: Cleomenes III of Sparta :: 0 A.D. :: Wildfire Games
		Due to the obscurity of Spartan records the exact date of birth for Cleomenes III is unknown; it is generally believed to be somewhere around 260 B.C. His father was Leonidas II and his mother is unknown.
		Sometime later, but before Cleomenes came to the throne his father had him marry the widow of Agis IV (her name is unrecorded), who had a big part in shaping the future actions of Cleomenes III.
		It was the perceived danger of the social reforms of Cleomenes III (citizenship for all, equal wealth and land for all) that scared Aratus and mobilized Antiogonus III.
	wildfiregames.com /0ad/page.php?p=8625 (920 words)

	Antigonus III: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library
		The attacks of Cleomenes III on the Achaean League caused its leader, Aratus, to request help from Antigonus, who led his troops south in 224.
		Antigonus arrived in Babylon...seventh year of Philip III, a royal army was...authority of Philip III in 318, (26) was...fleeing east with Antigonus and his forces in...
		Philip collaborated (202) with Antiochus III to expand in the Aegean by plundering the territorial...
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/101229437 (937 words)

	Cleomenes III. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		B.C. He was probably the most energetic king Sparta ever had, a conscious imitator of Agis III (see under Agis).
		At home his reforms were revolutionary: the kingship was made the supreme power, the ephorate was abolished, and the citizenship was widely extended, apparently to decrease the danger of discontent and to ally the people with the king.
		Cleomenes fled to Egypt to the protection of his patron, Ptolemy III.
	www.bartleby.com /65/cl/Cleomenes3.html (195 words)

	The Internet Classics Archive \| Cleomenes by Plutarch
		Cleomenes, encouraged by this success, began to speak boldly among the citizens, and reminding them of a sentence of one of their ancient kings, said, it was in vain now that the Spartans asked not how many their enemies were, but where they were.
		Cleomenes at first proposed fair and easy conditions by his ambassadors to the Achaeans, but afterwards he sent others, and required the chief command to be settled upon him; in other matters offering to agree to reasonable terms, and to restore their captives and their country.
		Cleomenes, hearing this, said that he was unjustly dealt with; for they ought to have told him so plainly at first, and not now he was come even to their doors, show their jealousy and deny him admission.
	classics.mit.edu /Plutarch/cleomene.html (6178 words)

	Cleomenes III
		Cleomenes III was the son of Leonidas II.
		Cleomenes was deposed and was killed in exile in 219 BC.
		Tiberius Gracchus and Gaius Gracchus and Agis and Cleomenes - Timoleon and Aemilius Paullus - Themistocles and Camillus
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/Bios/CleomenesIII.html (545 words)

	Cleomenes III - AOL Research & Learn
		He was probably the most energetic king Sparta ever had, a conscious imitator of Agis III (see under Agis).
		In his determined effort to restore the prestige of the city, he began (227 B.C.) a war against the Achaean League and was successful in many battles.
		Cleomenes came to his downfall suddenly in 222 B.C. (or possibly 221 B.C.) when the Achaean League, allied with Antigonus III of Macedon, routed the Spartan army.
	reference.aol.com /columbia/_a/cleomenes-iii/20051205221409990023 (196 words)

	Great Battles of History: Sellasia Background & Variant
		When Cleomenes III succeeded his father, Leonidas II, as a king of Sparta in 235 BC, the different city-states and leagues were pawns in the power struggles between the great powers of Macedon, Seleucid Syria, and Ptolemaic Egypt.
		Cleomenes abolished the power of the ephors (aristocrats) and made the traditional dual kingship the supreme power (with his brother Eucleidas as the other king).
		In 224 B.C. Cleomenes was entrenched on the Isthmus of Corinth and the larger Macedonian/ allied army did not dare to attack him head-on in prepared positions.
	patriot.net /~townsend/GBoH/gboh-sellasiavariant.html (1566 words)

	AllRefer.com - Cleomenes III (Ancient History, Greece, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		B.C. He was probably the most energetic king Sparta ever had, a conscious imitator of Agis III (see under Agis).
		At home his reforms were revolutionary: the kingship was made the supreme power, the ephorate was abolished, and the citizenship was widely extended, apparently to decrease the danger of discontent and to ally the people with the king.
		B.C.) when the Achaean League, allied with Antigonus III of Macedon, routed the Spartan army.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/Cleomenes3.html (255 words)

	The Baldwin Project: Famous Men of Greece by John H. Haaren and A. B. Poland
		Cleomenes had good reason for saying this; for Leonidas had caused his fellow-king, Agis, the husband of Agiatis, to be murdered.
		Some of the Greeks had laughed when Cleomenes said he would tread in the steps of Lycurgus and [260] Solon; but when they saw Sparta victorious on the battlefield and the city prosperous and happy once more they could not help admiring the man who had brought the change about.
		Cleomenes made his way to Sparta and advised the citizens to submit to the Macedonians, which they did, and the independence of Sparta was gone forever.
	www.mainlesson.com /display.php?author=haaren&book=greece&story=cleomenes (1165 words)

	The Hellenistice World (323 - 30 B.C.)
		Cleomenes came to the throne in 235; in 227 he began to break the power of the oligarchy within the aristocracy, abolish the debts owed by poor farmers to rich landlords, and redistribute the land.
		The revolution spread; everywhere there was demand for "division of land and cancellation of debts." Cleomenes, however, was stopped by Aratus, an adamant opponent of his reforms, the Macedonians were called in, and at Sellasia, in the summer of 222, the Spartans were beaten and Cleomenes forced into exile, where he died.
		He repelled Antiochus III at Raphia with Egyptian soldiers, and his reign was marked by the power of native Egyptians and of Nubian rulers in the south.
	www.thelatinlibrary.com /imperialism/notes/hellenistic.html (4418 words)

	Cleomenes III — FactMonster.com
		Cleomenes III, c.260–219 B.C., king of Sparta (235–221 B.C. He was probably the most energetic king Sparta ever had, a conscious imitator of Agis III (see under
		Cleomenes came to his downfall suddenly in 222 B.C. (or possibly 221 B.C.) when the Achaean League, allied with
		Antigonus III - Antigonus III Antigonus III (Antigonus Doson), d.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0812532.html (227 words)

	Ethics of the Hellenistic Era by Sanderson Beck
		Antiochus III with 10,000 men sailed across the Aegean and took Euboea, Thebes, and Thessaly, where he alienated Philip V. Smyrna and Lampsacus appealed to Rome, which gained the support of Philip V's Macedonians, and the Seleucids were defeated at Thermopylae, Antiochus III barely escaping by ship to Ephesus.
		Cleomenes was also influenced by the Stoic philosopher Sphaerus, whom he appointed Spartan Minister of Education and put in charge of Lycurgan restoration of Spartan discipline.
		With Ptolemy III's support, the army was re-organized, though the mother and children of Cleomenes III had to go to Alexandria as hostages.
	www.san.beck.org /EC23-Hellenistic.html (20398 words)

	disc sect 8
		The Reforms of King Agis IV and Cleomenes III of Sparta
		Two of these factors are Sparta's xenophobia (fear of strangers) and the reforms of the kings Agis the IV and Cleomenes III.
		Agis and Cleomenes contributed to the Spartan mirage by claiming that their reforms represented a return to the 'old' way of doing things.
	www.utexas.edu /courses/macedonia/disc_sect_8.htm (1255 words)

	Ancient History Sourcebook: 11th Brittanica: Sparta
		Here also, however, the royal prerogatives were curtailed in course of time: from the period of the Persian wars the king lost the right of declaring war on whom he pleased, he was accompanied to the field by two ephors, and he was supplanted also by the ephors in the control of foreign policy.
		After the battle, however, she refused to submit voluntarily to Philip, and was forced to do so by the devastation of Laconia and the transference of certain border districts to the neighbouring states of Argos, Arcadia and Mcssenia.
		The battle of Sellasia (222 B.C.), in which Cleomenes was defeated by the Achaeans and Antigonus Doson of Macedonia, and the death of the king, which occurred shortly afterwards in Egypt, put an end to these hopes.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/ancient/eb11-sparta.html (4247 words)

	CLEOMENES III - Online Information article about CLEOMENES III
		CLEOMENES III., the son and successor of See also:
		Macedonia, and Cleomenes, after conducting successful expeditions to See also:
		Both as general and as politician Cleomenes was one of Sparta's greatest men, and with him perished her last See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /CHR_CLI/CLEOMENES_III.html (606 words)

	1997: THE WINTER'S TALE: Photos
		II.i: "I will tell it softly; yond crickets shall not hear it." Mamillius (Kevin Krause) shares a moment with his mother Hermione (Amy Hassan) as her ladies-in-waiting (Betsy Adams, Amber Naresh, Sasha Vaikhman) express amusement.
		III.ii: Cleomenes (Mike Simon) and Dion (Steven DeGennaro) swear on the Sword of Justice to the Officer (Nick Collins) and Leontes (Peter Rogers) that they have faithfully discharged their mission to Delphos.
		V.i: Cleomenes (Mike Simon) and Dion (Steven DeGennaro), the remnants of the Sicilian court, try to convince their monarch to re-marry.
	www.ruf.rice.edu /~bkrshk/1997/pics.shtml (684 words)

	SparkNotes: The Winter's Tale: Act III, Scenes i-ii
		Making their way back from Delphi, the lords Dion and Cleomenes discuss events in their native Sicilia, and express their hope that the message they bring from the Oracle will vindicate the unfortunate Hermione.
		Meanwhile, Leontes convenes a court, with himself as judge, in order to give his wife a fair trial.
		This general sentiment links up with the emphasis upon Leontes's role as a "tyrant," a phrase that is used repeatedly, culminating in the Delphic Oracle's verdict.
	www.sparknotes.com /shakespeare/winterstale/section3.rhtml (667 words)

	History of the Macedonian People from Ancient times to the Present - Part X, by Risto Stefov
		Sparta on the other hand, under the leadership of Cleomenes III who was unable to sit still, initiated a number of social reforms.
		Antiochus, backed by Ptolemy III, was able to maintain pressure on his brother until Seleucus realized that this fratricidal struggle was unproductive, to say the least.
		To make matters worse, Antiochus III was eyeing Egypt and, in its weakness, was preparing to invade Coele-Syria in what was later to be called the Fifth Syrian War.
	www.maknews.com /html/articles/stefov/stefov27.html (8080 words)

	Macedonia - United Macedonians Organization of Canada
		Sparta on the other hand, under the leadership of Cleomenes III who was unable to sit still, initiated a number of social reforms.
		Antiochus, backed by Ptolemy III, was able to maintain pressure on his brother until Seleucus realized that this fratricidal struggle was unproductive, to say the least.
		To make matters worse, Antiochus III was eyeing Egypt and, in its weakness, was preparing to invade Coele-Syria in what was later to be called the Fifth Syrian War.
	www.unitedmacedonians.org /macedonia/stefov27.html (8065 words)

	HELLAS:NET - History
		The desire of two Spartan kings, Agis IV (244-241) and Cleomenes III (235-219), to restore the power of Sparta even lead there to a social revolution.
		Sparta was ready for such a revolution as the inhabitants consisted of a small group of land-owners, and a large group of helots, perioikos and degraded Spartans.
		The combined attack of the Aetolian League and Macedon formed the end for Cleomenes and the reborn Sparta as they were defeated during the battle of Sellasie in 222.
	monolith.dnsalias.org /~marsares/history/hellen/hellas2.html (1102 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The League soon grew to control much of the Peloponnesus, considerably weakening the Macedonian hold on the area, but soon it ran into difficulties with the revived Sparta of Cleomenes III.
		Aratus was forced to call in the aid of the Macedonian King, Antigonus Doson, to defeat Cleomenes, and Antigonus re-established Macedonian control over much of the region.
		After Aratus's death, however, the League was able to reap much of the benefits of Macedon's defeat by Rome in 197 BC.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Achaean_League (282 words)

	The Tyranny of Women?: Sparta, Autocracy, and Feminine Power
		Herodotus provides an early example of this in his portrayal of Gorgo as an informal political advisor to her father, Cleomenes I, and her husband, Leonidas I (5.51, 7.239.4; cf.
		Royal Spartan women of the Hellenistic period entered the political arena in greater numbers and to greater effect, partly because of the continuing concentration of landed wealth in the hands of women (cf.
		Later kings edged the traditional dyarchy further toward the Macedonian model, especially the Agiad Cleomenes III, who pursued even closer relations with the Ptolemies and effectively created a monarchy by placing his brother on the Eurypontid throne.
	www.apaclassics.org /AnnualMeeting/05mtg/abstracts/millender.html (603 words)

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