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Topic: Clerical script

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	Chinese Calligraphy in Qin Dynasty
		In this script, character components were regulated in fixed placement, the character strokes was simplified in limited numbers, and each stroke was represented in equal thickness.
		This script, the second scriptural style in Chinese calligraphy, is the evolution of the folk style that originated in rival principalities during Eastern Zhou.
		Clerical script further simplified Chinese writing by making up new character components and stretching the pictographic winding lines in small seal script straight.
	www.rice-paper.com /uses/calligraphy/history/qin.html (454 words)

	CHI211-01: Calligraphy
		Almost without exception, beginning calligraphy students are first taught to learn this script.
		A certain clerical Ch'eng Miao, who worked in the goverment of the Ch'in Dynasty (221 -206 B. c.), is believed to have created this script, which quickly nbecame popularduring subsequent dynasties.
		The writing of this scripot requires essentially the same techniques as those of the standard script, but the emphasis on rapid brush movements render a kind of grace and expressiveness not usually associated with the standard script.
	web.grinnell.edu /courses/chi/S02/CHI211-01/scripts.html (168 words)

	Clerical script - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The clerical script or chancery script (Traditional Chinese: 隸書; Simplified Chinese: 隶书; pinyin: lishu) is an archaic style of Chinese calligraphy which, due to its high legibility to modern readers, is still being used for artistic flavor in a variety of functional applications such as headlines, signboards and advertisements.
		Highly angular, it developed from the seal script and is the precursor to the regular script that Chinese is usually written in today.
		A character written in clerical script is often wider than it is high.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Clerical_script (130 words)

	Chinese Script \| CHIN 110 \| Cultural Traditions of China
		The clerical script took its name from the low-level clerks who were the main employers of the format.
		The seal, clerical, standard, and cursive scripts are all used in the calligraphic tradition of China.
		By contrast the narrow and wide lines in clerical script are produced by varying the distance between the brush and the paper.
	www.wellesley.edu /EALL/Chinese/Chin110/chinese_script.html (1371 words)

	Eri Takase - Glossary - Japanese Calligraphy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Tensho (Seal Script) is used for the name seals that Japanese use instead of a signature (these are the red stamps that appear on Japanese calligraphy).
		Kaisho (Block Script) is the most typical form of the kanji and is the form of the kanji used in everyday life.
		Reisho (Clerical Script) is a simplified version of the tensho script that is dominated by horizontal and vertical lines.
	www.cstone.net /~timjack/Library/Glossary.htm (1381 words)

	Chinese Calligraphy
		clerical script -this script evolved from seal script and was used for official purposes, especially for inscriptions on bronze vessels, stone monuments, and official documents during the Han dynasty.
		Characters written in this script, in keeping with their function, are uniform in shape and horizontal and vertical strokes cross at right angles.
		cursive script -cursive script, or grass style, is an abbreviated, quickly written script in which the structure of characters is altered from regular script to reduce the number of times the brush is lifted.
	www.globaled.org /curriculum/china/photomontage/reading.htm (398 words)

	East Asian calligraphy Summary
		The Regular Script (often called standard script or simply kǎishū) is one of the last major calligraphic styles to develop, emerging between the Chinese Hàn dynasty and Three Kingdoms period, gaining dominance in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and maturing in the Táng Dynasty.
		The archaic Clerical Script of the Chinese Warring States period to Qin Dynasty and early Han Dynasty can often be difficult to read for a modern East Asian person, but the mature Clerical Script of the middle to late Han dynasty is generally legible.
		The Seal Script (often called Small Seal Script) is the formal script of the Qín system of writing, the informal script of which was precursor to the Clerical Script.
	www.bookrags.com /East_Asian_calligraphy (5171 words)

	script style evolution
		The clerical script, so called because it was used by official clerks, was the popular form in the Qin period, whose orthodox form was the small-seal script.
		The clerical script is used today as an art form in calligraphy.
		The clerical script began to change into the standard script (kaishu) during the latter part of the Han dynasty, and in that form became dominant with the advent of printing technology in the late Tang (618907) and early Song (9601279) dynasties.
	www.mmtaylor.net /Literacy_Book/DOCS/03.html (482 words)

	The Cultural Heritage of China :: The Arts :: Calligraphy :: Styles
		The Regular Script (楷書; kǎishū), often called Standard Script, is one of the last major calligraphic styles to develop, emerging between the Chinese Han dynasty and Three Kingdoms period, gaining dominance in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and maturing in the Tang Dynasty.
		The archaic Clerical Script of the Chinese Warring States period to Qín and early Hàn Dynasties can often be difficult to read for a modern East Asian person, but the mature Clerical Script of the middle to late Hàn dynasty is generally legible.
		The Clerical Script remains common as a typeface used for decorative purposes (for example, in displays), but it is not commonly written.
	www.ibiblio.org /chineseculture/contents/arts/p-arts-c02s02.html (883 words)

	Development of the Chinese Script
		On the basis of the available evidence, the earliest Chinese scripts, dating from the Shang Dynasty, are known as Jiaguwen (the oracle bone scripts) and Tongqi Mingwen (the Bronze scripts).
		The scripts of Lishu revised and modified the former fat and curved strokes to be flat, upright and horizontal.
		The Kaishu script began during the declining years of the Han Dynasty, became mature during the Weijin Period, became commonly used during the Nan Bei Chao Period, and is still in use today.
	www.fas.harvard.edu /~clp/China/develop.htm (1291 words)

	[No title]
		This script already existed in a recognized form in use alongside the "seal script" and the "clerical script" in the last centuries of the pre-Christian era as a form of "fast script" of those writing styles.
		A very important element in the rapid development of the different writing styles and their individual forms was the invention of paper, made from textile rags and cellulose in China in the course of the 1st century of the Christian era.
		In most cases seals are decorated with the seal script (zhuanshu) in one or another of its versions, but occasionally the clerical script (lishu) and other forms such as cursive and draft scripts have been used.
	www.lindenmuseum.de /inhalt/show/writing.html (2320 words)

	Regular Script
		The Regular Script (often called standard script or simply kǎishū) is one of the last major calligraphic styles to develop, emerging between the Chinese Han dynasty and Three Kingdoms period, gaining dominance in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and maturing in the Tang Dynasty.
		As the name suggests, the Regular Script is "regular", with each of the strokes placed slowly and carefully, the brush lifted from the paper and all the strokes distinct from each other.
		The Regular Script is usually studied first to give students a feel for correct placement and balance, as well as to provide a proper base for the other, more flowing styles.
	www.chinatownconnection.com /regular-script.htm (146 words)

	Calligraphy
		Grass script is notorious for its economy of individual penstrokes.
		The clerical script is highly stylised, a development from seal script form.
		Seal scripts are regularised scripts, which are noted for the uniformity of thickness and space of vertical, horizontal and curved lines.
	www.knowledgefun.com /book/c/ca/calligraphy.html (719 words)

	Calligraphy is understood in China as the art of writing a good hand with the brush or the study of the rules and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Chinese calligraphy, like the script itself, began with the hieroglyphs and, over the long ages of evolution, has developed various styles and schools, constituting an important part of the heritage of national culture.
		This script, often used in seals, is translated into English as the seal character, or as the "curly script" after the shape of its strokes.
		2) The lishu (official script) came in the wake of the xiaozhuan in the same short-lived Qin Dynasty (221 - 207 B. This was because the xiaozhuan, though a simplified form of script, was still too complicated for the scribes in the various government offices who had to copy an increasing amount of documents.
	www.artzbox.com /articles_chinese/calligraphy.htm (1090 words)

	Chinese Standard or Regular Brush Scripts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		On the left is an example of Regular, Standard, or Clerical script.
		It is derived from lishu (official or clerical script) and was developed in the 1st century AD.
		They range from the "official script" first used under the Qin Dynasty and then formally under the Han dynasty to the "regular style" that is the basis of today's printed characters.
	www.paulnoll.com /China/Culture/language-Regular-script.html (106 words)

	Seal script - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Seal script became standardized and adopted as the formal script for all of China in the Qin dynasty, and was still widely used for decorative engraving and seals (name chops, or signets) in the Han dynasty.
		In the history of Chinese characters, the Small Seal script is often considered to be the ancestor of the clerical script 隷書, which in turn gave rise to all of the other scripts in use today.
		Instead, it was a vulgar or popular script of the late Warring States to Qin period, rather than its formal seal counterpart, which evolved into the clerical script.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Seal_script (655 words)

	Chinese Calligraphy in Han Dynasty
		The rash style of early clerical script and the indetermination that came along with it invited a more hasty style - the cursive script, the third and the most artistic script in Chinese calligraphy.
		Draft cursive script simplified clerical script by reducing its stroke numbers and dispersing its character structure while reserved its brushwork and flat character contour.
		Completely leaving out the brushwork of clerical script, this style was developed from draft cursive script for the art of Chinese calligraphy itself.
	www.rice-paper.com /uses/calligraphy/history/han.html (720 words)

	Calligraphy - the five Chinese script forms
		It is generally divided into five scripts: the seal script (zhuanshu), the official or clerical script (lishu), the regular script (kaishu), the grass script (caoshu) and the running script (xingshu).
		L ishu (official script) was developed during the Qin dynasty (221-207 BC) in an attempt to standardize writing throughout the empire.
		The final style, or xingshu (running script), lies somewhere between the kaishu (regular) and caoshu (grass) scripts in that at times the strokes are controlled and regular and at other times free and flowing.
	www.imperialtours.net /calligraphy.htm (442 words)

	YourSourceInJapan.com - Hanging Scroll Paintings - Japanese Scroll Paintings - Calligraphy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Japanese kana script was in wide use in the 10th century and emerged as a major calligraphic form after the 11th century.
		Gyosho, or "running script" is created by a faster movement of the brush and some consequent abbreviation of the character.
		The earliest Japanese writing in Chinese is found in Inscriptions in stone or metal, and among the oldest of these are the cast or incised inscriptions on a bronze mirror excavated in Wakayama Prefecture and a bronze sword recently unearthed at the Inariyama Tomb in Saitama Prefecture.
	www.yoursourceinjapan.com /calligraphy.htm (1634 words)

	Chinese Language and Script
		Because of this, the number of elements in the script is not based on the number of sounds but on the number of words in the language.
		The First Emperor introduced the Qin script as the official writing and from there on all the unified states had to use it in their affairs.
		The calligraphic style of this period is the "clerical script" or lishu which is easily readable today even to the uninitiated.
	www.crystalinks.com /chineselang.html (1356 words)

	Asian Art - E&J Frankel, New York
		The allusion to antiquity is continued by the inscribed characters and seals, in various scripts, found on the sides and front of the vessel.
		The incised characters, in regular script, on the top surface of the bamboo read: Jun zi gui mo qi jie ke jian (The gentleman is the measure and model; his moral integrity is clearly visible).
		The incised characters, in regular script, on the exterior wall of the cup read: Xian jia hua guo si shi tong (The flower and fruit of the residence of the Immortals are the same in all four seasons [i.e., are equally delicious all year around]).
	www.ejfrankel.com /exhibition.asp?exhibID=92 (4614 words)

	Forest of Stone Steles Museum Xian
		Shi Weize's style of clerical script is characterized by close-knit composition and fluent strokes, typical of Tang Clerical script.
		He carried on the tradition of the Qin seal script style, evolved a distinctive style of his own, and was regarded as the number one seal calligrapher after Li Si (Prime Minister of the Qin Dynasty and inventor of the small seal script).
		Studying the cursive script of Wang Xizhi, he was meticulous in his calligraphy, which was honored as the orthodox school of cursive script.
	www.cnhomestay.com /city/xian/forest.htm (6537 words)

	Seal Script Calligraphy
		The Seal Script (often called Small Seal Script) is the formal script of the Qin system of writing, the informal script of which was precursor to the Clerical Script.
		Seal script is the oldest style that continues to be widely practiced.
		Most people today cannot read the seal script, so it is generally not used outside the fields of calligraphy and carved seals.
	www.chinatownconnection.com /seal-script-calligraphy.htm (161 words)

	Chinese calligraphy,Shufa,Chinese brush,Four treasures
		Chinese scripts are generally divided into five categories: the seal character (zhuan), the official or clerical script (li), the regular script (kai), the running hand (xing) and the cursive hand (cao).
		This was because the xiaozhuan, though a simplified form of script, was still too complicated for the scribers in the various government offices who had to copy an increasing amount of documents.
		The characters are composed of a number of strokes out of a total of eight kinds-the dot, the horizontal, the vertical, the hook, the rising, the left-falling (short and long) and the right-falling strokes.
	www.bravochina.com /calligraphy_painting/calligraphy.html (1149 words)

	Fathom :: The Source for Online Learning
		Thus he created the script." The account, though clearly legendary, makes it clear that Xu Shen saw the Chinese script not as pictographic (a picture of an animal represents an animal) but, rather, as symbolic, where different marks are not actually images of the animals that they represent.
		The script was called "seal script," for in succeeding millennia and down to the present day it was one of the preferred carving styles for the characters used on seal-stones or chops, which were, and to some extent still are, the equivalent of a signature in China.
		The script itself, enormously rich in construction and nuance, combined with the relatively restricted syllabary of the spoken language, allowed for punning and visual effect.
	www.fathom.com /feature/121782 (1779 words)

	Shodo - TvWiki, the free encyclopedia
		There are three basic styles, or shotai, of shodō, kaisho (楷書, formal or "square" type), gyōsho (行書, "running" or semi-cursive script), and sōsho (草書, known in English as "grass script").
		Other styles, including tensho (篆書, clerical, or ancient style) and reisho (隷書, ancient style) exist but are rarely practiced in calligraphy (they are, however, still used in hanko).
		Gyōsho is a more cursive script, roughly approximating normal handwriting in which strokes and, more rarely, characters are allowed to run into one another (the example on the left has 13 strokes; in gyōsho style it is written with 8), and characters appear less angular and more round.
	www.tvwiki.tv /wiki/Shodo (1049 words)

	Calligraphy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The clerical script is highly stylised a from seal script form.
		Seal scripts are regularised scripts which are for the uniformity of thickness and space vertical horizontal and curved lines.
		Seal carving is one branch Chinese calligraphy and considered as a high since it expresses the carver's calligraphy and expression in fitting a number of characters majority of which are of seal script into such a small area of space carved in reverse so that the imprint gives the characters in their proper form.
	www.freeglossary.com /Calligraphy (1110 words)

	clerical - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Vestments, Ecclesiastical, garments worn by ministers of religion, specifically those of the Christian churches, for their official acts.
		Qin Shihuangdi (Ch’in Shih-huang-ti), first emperor of a unified China, suppressed many regional scripts and enforced a simplified, standardized...
		A hierarchy, or graded ranking, of bishops and lesser clergy became characteristic as the church expanded.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/search.aspx?q=clerical (121 words)

	New York Qin Society
		His artistic skills originated in a family closely allied to the fields of calligraphy and painting and with a deep familiarity with ancient scripts and the stone and bronze articleson which they are found.
		Then he followed the informal styles of clerical script found on wood tablets dating from the Han and Chin (265-417) dynasties.
		The new, standardized script was later termed xiao zhuan shu 小篆書, or lesser seal script, to discriminate it from the multitude of previous written forms, collectively termed da zhuan shu, or greater seal script.
	www.newyorkqin.org /journal/volume1/volume1no7p1.html (2207 words)

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