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Topic: Clerical fascism

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	Clerical fascism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Clerical fascism is an ideological construct that combines the political and economic doctrines of fascism with theology or religious tradition.
		For Catholic clerical fascism, the term Catholic integralism is sometimes used, though Catholic integralism may have points of disagreement with fascism.
		The term clerical fascism emerged in the 1920s to refer to the links between the Church and Italian fascism.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Clerical_fascism (604 words)

	ooBdoo
		Fascism in Italy arose in the 1920s as a mixture of syndicalist notions with an anti-materialist theory of the state; the latter had already been linked to an extreme nationalism.
		Fascism is associated by many scholars with one or more of the following characteristics: a very high degree of nationalism, economic corporatism, a powerful, dictatorial leader who portrays the nation, state or collective as superior to the individuals or groups composing it.
		Nazism differed from Italian Fascism in the emphasis on the state's purpose in serving its national ideal on the basis of a national race, specifically the social engineering of culture to the ends of the greatest possible prosperity for the Germanic race at the expense of all else and all others.
	www.oobdoo.com /wikipedia/?title=Fascism (4728 words)

	Fascism www.wikipedia.org
		It differed from Italian fascism in the emphasis on the state's purpose in serving a racial rather than a national ideal, specifically the social engineering of culture to the ends of the greatest possible prosperity for the so-called "Master Race" at the expense of all else and all others.
		Fascism rejects the central tenets of Marxism, which are class struggle, and the need to replace capitalism with a society run by the working class in which the workers own the means of production.
		Fascism did not spring forth full-grown, and the writings of Fascist theoreticians cannot be taken as a full description of Mussolini's ideology, let alone how specific situations inevitably resulted in deviations from ideology.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /Fascism/Fascism_Wikipedia.html (6595 words)

	Fascism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-21)
		Nazism is usually considered as a kind fascism but it should be understood that sought the state's purpose in serving an to valuing what its content should be: people race and the social engineering of aspects of culture to the ends of the greatest prosperity for them at the expense of else.
		Fascism in many respects is an ideology negativism: anti- liberal anti- Communist anti- democratic anti- egalitarian etc. As a political and economic in Italy it combined elements of corporatism totalitarianism nationalism and anti-communism.
		Both a and a historical phenomenon Italian Fascism was many respects an adverse reaction to both apparent failure of laissez-faire and fear of left although trends in intellectual history such the breakdown of positivism and the general fatalism of postwar should be of concern.
	www.freeglossary.com /Fascism (5743 words)

	Postfascism (Fascism Past, Present and Future - Laqueur)
		These are the preconditions for the growth of fascist and neofascist movements, but whether the fascists are able to exploit such a constellation depends on a variety of circumstances, such as the intensity of the crisis, the determination of the incumbents to resist the challenge, and the presence or absence of effective fascist leaders.
		But "objectively," fascism and Nazism were not needed in 1923 and 1933, either, and yet they prevailed because non-democratic movements tend to have a momentum of their own.
		Fascism appeared with the promise of a new synthesis of nationalism and socialism but also a halt to decadence, a regeneration and rejuvenation of society, and a restoration of faith and values.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /Society/Postfascism_Laqueur.html (4511 words)

	The Origins of Fascism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-21)
		Fascism is the exact opposite: it is a series of non-intellectual, even anti-intellectual national reactions artificially united and transformed into an international doctrine by the facts of power.
		Clerical conservatism was a direct heir of the aristocratic conservatism over which the bourgeoisie triumphed in 19th century.
		Thus fascism proper, what we can call dynamic fascism, was a cult of force, contemptuous of religious and traditional ideas, the self-association of an inflamed lower middle class in a weakened industrial society.
	mars.wnec.edu /~grempel/courses/world/lectures/fascism.html (1661 words)

	Religion and Fascism
		Fascism took its name from the Italian word ‘fascio’, meaning in a political context a ‘union’ or ‘front’ (the ancient Roman symbol of authority, the fasces, was initially not part of the movement's iconography).
		Sturzo contrasted Fascism’s street violence with what he saw as conciliatory nature of core Christian values; he also feared that Fascism's goal was the destruction of all opposition, not just the left.
		Fascism’s essential syncretism meant that it was possible to find forms which overtly married ideology and religion - for example, in the Iron Guard, or among a limited number of Italian and German clerics (though most failed to see the radicalism at the core of fascism).
	staff.bath.ac.uk /mlsre/ReflectionsonFascismandReligion.htm (8586 words)

	The Public Eye : Website of Political Research Associates-Terms & Concepts: Use with Caution
		Even in progressive publications, the terms theocratic fascism or clerical fascism were used not only to describe the Taliban and the al Qaeda networks, but also the government of Saudi Arabia and even all militant fundamentalist Muslims.
		Clerical fascism is the least studied form of fascism.
		Therefore we feel progressives should only use the term clerical fascism where: it is not a justification for excessive and aggressive militarism; does not demonize or scapegoat Arabs and Muslims; and is differentiated from inaccurate and sweeping misuse.
	www.publiceye.org /frontpage/911/clerical-911.html (2659 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Fascism
		Fascism (in Italian, fascismo), capitalized, was the authoritarian political movement which ruled Italy from 1922 to 1943 under the leadership of Benito Mussolini.
		Many scholars consider "fascism" to be part of, or in coalition with, extreme right politics, however the definitional debates and arguments by academics over the nature of fascism fill entire bookshelves.
		Another key distinguishing feature of fascism is that it uses a mass movement to attack or absorb the organizations of the working class: parties of the left and trade unions.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Fascism (6907 words)

	Fascism
		Fascism and communism were the two great killers of innocents of the 20th century.
		Modern Serb fascism led to the killing of perhaps 200,000 innocent civilian men, women and children in 1991-9 (estimates are for 300,000 dead in all the Yugoslav wars, including military dead).
		Clerical Fascism - Roman Catholic church support for fascism in the mid-20th century.
	markhumphrys.com /fascism.html (5685 words)

	Howstuffworks "What exactly is fascism?"
		Part of the reason why fascism seems to apply to so many different social and political viewpoints is that it is notoriously difficult to define.
		Mussolini's brand of Fascism is not exactly like Hitler's brand of Fascism, which is not the same as Francisco Franco's Fascism (in Spain) nor the neofascist (post-WWII) movements characterized by groups like the Skinheads.
		"Religious fascism," sometimes called "clerical fascism," has been a subject of debate since the latter term was coined to describe what some viewed as the relationship between the Catholic Church and the Mussolini regime.
	people.howstuffworks.com /fascism.htm (705 words)

	Oliver Kamm: Fascism and the Left
		There is certainly a division on the Left, between its better traditions of internationalism and democracy on the one hand and the reactionary trends identified by Cohen; but the division, though it has lately taken an unusual form, is a longstanding one.
		But while political Islam is an unusual ally for the totalitarian Left, fascism is not - and the type of political Islam that is represented in the forces of the SWP-dominated Respect "coalition" is aptly described (even allowing for the Catholic derivation of the term) as clerical fascism.
		The affinities between the Muslim Brotherhood [of which the Muslim Association of Britain is an offshoot] and fascism were observed in the 1930s, as was the fact that the extreme Muslim organisations supported the Axis powers in World War II.
	oliverkamm.typepad.com /blog/2004/08/fascism_and_the.html (2884 words)

	Social and Political Response (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-21)
		It is critically important to understand that society is not risking simply a return to the familiar kind of fascism of the 20th century -- the clerical fascism of Italy, Spain and France; the militarist fascism of Germany, Japan and Pinochet's Chile or the populist fascism of, say, Huey Long's Louisiana.
		Hitlerian fascism is famous for its appeal to hatred and persecution of certain kinds of people.
		The danger of fascism today is not simply as an idea or a self-contained event, but rather as a political expression of the changing social situation.
	www.lrna.org /doc.4/socpol.html (4178 words)

	Oliver Kamm: Fascism and the Left, part III
		In place of obviously crude biological racism, modern fascism (in the form Wolin calls 'designer fascism') has adopted a cultural racism that decries the achievements and principles of the Enlightenment.
		Franco) and fascism - a point that I consider was missed by Johann Hari in his recent Independent column (which I have been meaning to comment on and will do so) expressing foreboding about a resurgence of Catholic fascism.
		One of my correspondents appended a remark from Max Horkheimer of the Frankfurt School on the significance of capitalism for fascism, which I assume was intended to serve in lieu of that empirical evidence, except that it doesn't.
	oliverkamm.typepad.com /blog/2004/08/fascism_and_the_2.html (2250 words)

	Ted Grant - The Rise of De Gaulle and the Class Struggle
		Fascism and capitalism were completely discredited, and all the right-wing parties were overwhelmingly defeated.
		Fascism is a mass movement of the middle class, the lumpenproletariat, the peasants and even backward sections of the working class, financed and organised by capitalism as a desperate last resort in the face of growing crisis and the threat of a possible socialist solution.
		Fascism means the complete destruction of any form - communist, socialist, christian, liberal - of independent working-class organisation: that is its job, and it is this which gives it its strength in the early stages.
	www.tedgrant.org /works/5/8/de_gaulle.html (7628 words)

	LoHud.com :: View topic - Are we at war with Islamic Fascists? Or what?
		I'm sorry, but fascism as a political philosophy is the sort of right-wing-style government-industry partnership fostered by Benito Mussolini or Adolph Hitler that is the mittor image of the left-wing-style government-labor partnership fostered by Lenin et al.
		Bush might see fascism in the Islamists - but that is misplaced - I don't see major corporations rallying in the support of jihad, after all.
		The term clerical fascism emerged in the 1920s to refer to the links between the Church and Italian fascism.[1] More recently, the term has been used by scholars, such as Hugh Trevor-Roper, who seek to create a typology of fascism, distringuishing between clerical fascism and more radical types of fascism such as Naziism.[1]
	forums.lohud.com /viewtopic.php?t=1824 (3412 words)

	[No title]
		But fascism, wearing a clerical garb, and speaking the language of religious fundamentalism, is a real possibility in those largely non-Western societies where democratic institutions are young, or not fully established.
		With the threat of clerical fascism staring us in the face, it is time to recover the ground lost to the feel-good but dangerous relativism of postmodernism.
		My goal is to place the rise of Hindu nationalism within the context of clerical fascism on the one hand, and the postmodern/postcolonial suspicion of modernity, especially modern science, on the other.
	rutgerspress.rutgers.edu /Author/Nanda/excerpt.html (1543 words)

	League for the Fifth International \| Programme Contents
		Fascism, a reactionary mass movement mainly recruited from the ranks of a petit-bourgeoisie and lumpenproletariat made desperate by the crisis of capitalism, has as its goal the destruction of the independent workers’ movement and the establishment of the rule of finance capital unfettered by any elements of bourgeois democracy whatsoever.
		With the triumph of communalism or clerical fascism in the semi-colonies, the rule of imperialism will remain intact or even be strengthened.
		The struggle to defend the democratic rights of the workers from military dictatorship and fascism will only be finally won through the overthrow of the system that spawns them: capitalism.
	www.fifthinternational.org /index.php?id=20,60,0,0,1,0 (443 words)

	Is This Fascism? : December/January 2004-2005 : Peacework
		I don't think that what we are currently facing is fascism, but I think that it is a form of right-wing authoritarianism which is just as dangerous.
		Its base is primarily, though not exclusively, within the middle strata and it arises in the midst of a political crisis in which a section of the capitalist class loses confidence in its political representatives.
		This movement is grounded in a form of right-wing populism and as such could probably evolve into fascism, but at this juncture there is no indication that the capitalist class is in the midst of a political crisis which they believe they cannot resolve through existing means and mechanisms.
	www.afsc.org /pwork/0412/041210.htm (1692 words)

	Ottawa Independent Media Center
		In the case of "Islamic fascism" this refers to political movements that either call for, or are believed by their opponents to call for, some totalitarian imposition of Islamic law.
		Its critics argue that it is merely used to smear Islam with the negative connotations of the term fascist.
		Many dispute the accuracy of the term Islamic "fascism." They argue that political ideologies in the Middle East derived from fascism have usually been violently opposed to Islamism.
	ottawa.indymedia.ca /en/2005/06/1035.shtml (638 words)

	Fascism at a school \| Antimoon Forum
		If this isn't a fascism conduct/behaviour i don't know why the Constitutions exist and their rights of the citizens.
		More generally, fascism is typified by attempts to impose state control over all aspects of life: political, social, cultural, and economic.
		The English and The French were both surpressing minority languages in their own countries long before Mussolini and Hitler arrived on the scene ; so were the Muslim Turks in Asia Minor which had a large Greek speaking population until the 17th century.
	www.antimoon.com /forum/t1293.htm (937 words)

	Peak Oil News & Message Boards >> Forums >> Open Discussion >> Welcome to Neo-Fascism 101: Andrew Bosworth, Ph.D.
		None are “fascist.” For three decades of political scientists, “fascism” is a phenomenon of industrialized societies and exhibits features alien to the Middle East.
		Classical fascism was evident in inter-war Italy, Germany and Japan, and full-blown fascism exhibits three dimensions: economic, political and cultural.
		Islamo-fascism is a form of clerical fascism, which is an ideological construct that combines fascism with theology.
	peakoil.com /fortopic22897.html (1869 words)

	+gt;I have read a number of articles recently which refer to +quot;clerical facism+quot; +
		The history of clerical fascism is fascinating and is an untold part of the beginnings of WW II.
		Most Catholic conservatives, and many other conservatives as well, saw fascism as a bulwark against godless atheistic communism, not only for its atheism, but because its promise was an upheaval of society, where the privileges of the rich would be lost.
		For now, it doesn't matter that the promises were lies, the clergy and the rich were opposed to any such change.
	www.skepticfiles.org /hitler/hitler7.htm (572 words)

	Political Affairs Magazine - Spying On Us: Bush's Drive to a Police State (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-21)
		Right-wingers in the U.S. have begun to throw around the phrase "Islamo Fascism," to talk tough, but since much of what they support in the United States is fascist itself, they really don’t know what they are talking about.
		The term fascist, or rather clerical fascist, has a legitimate meaning I think, when applied to groups like Al Qaeda, as it does to various Christian, Jewish, and Hindu groups that advocate "pure states" and the use of violence to expel people of other faiths or secular institutions.
		As for the kind of Islamic clerical fascism represented by Al Qaeda, it is important to understand that there are liberal schools of Islam, which is a scholarly religion, centered historically in Egypt and other countries.
	www.politicalaffairs.net /article/articleview/2421/1/32 (1860 words)

	TechnoChitlins: Sea Change in London
		We are witnessing one of the greatest betrayals by the left since so-called left-wingers backed the Hitler-Stalin pact and opposed the war against Nazi fascism.
		While it deplores the 7/7 terrorist attack on London, only last year it welcomed to the UK the Muslim cleric, Yusuf al-Qaradawi, who endorses the suicide bombing of innocent civilians.
		Terrorism is not socialism; it is the tactic of fascism.
	www.technochitlins.com /archives/2005/07/sea_change_in_l.html (298 words)

	The Buggy Professor -- Daily reflections on politics and economics, unpedantic and free-wheeling, by a political ...
		At the heart of the radical Islamist revivalism, as with the fascisms of the interwar period --- especially Nazism --- is the fantasized paranoid belief that their enemies and the cause of their national failures and troubles are an all-powerful but vulnerable secret cabal dominated by Jews.
		Obviously, as you'll see, the double-dealing Arab leaders who tolerate and let the fundamentalist haters use their state-run media for propaganda purposes have simultaneously be ruthless in destroying any fundamentalist movement on their home soil that threatens their own stablity and corrupt, dictatorial rule.
		Essentially, the loss and eventual disappearance of clerical authority over politics, economic life, and eventually, as science and secular learning through mass education spread, in culture too.
	www.thebuggyprofessor.org /archives/00000048.php (9130 words)

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