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Topic: Clibanarii

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	The Bactrian Invasion
		The vexillationes of Clibanarii were first with the general and his bodyguard in the centre of the line, as always the Clibanarii look magnificent in their full armour.
		The attack of the Clibanarii was not so successful, but did push the Iranians backwards some 50 paces or so.
		Spurred on as it where by the loss of the Comites Clibanarii the other vexillationes redoubled their attacks and drove the Iranians back wards once again whilst in the centre the 4 vexillationes of Equites Sagittarii bravely held out against the foe.
	www.endoftime.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk /battles/bactria/battle.htm (2104 words)

	Cataphracts & clibanarii - The Guild (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Clibanarii and cataphractarii (in Roman era) was shock, charge troops destined to act in large groups.
		Fact is; Persians (as in: Sassanids) used their clibanarii as heavy shock cavalry after the reforms in the 5th century.
		Clibanarii and cataphracts changed so many times and in authentic writings the terms are so often confused that we don't truly know what was what.
	forums.totalwar.org /vb/showthread.php?t=30616 (1920 words)

	Cataphracts and Clibanarii of the Ancient World - All Empires
		According to Eadie’s Interpretation (1972), the clibanarii were trapped and destroyed in Constantine’s battle line due to their lack of maneuverability.
		Clibanarii also appeared decades later in 351 in the Battle of Mursa, where according to Julian’s account, Constantius’ clibanarii defeated the cavalry of the usurper Magnetius.
		In Ammianus’ account, the terms Clibanarii, Cataphracti and Cataphractarii all appear in the battle description and are all used interchangeably.
	www.allempires.com /article/index.php?q=cataphracts (4914 words)

	Clibanarii - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Clibanarii (from the Latin, clibani, meaning camp-oven) were a Sassanid Persian, late Roman and Byzantine military unit of heavy armored horsemen.
		The Clibanarii were used mostly by Eastern armies; for example, they were used by the Palmyrene Empire, and fought against the inferior Roman cavalry at Immae and Emesa.
		Sassanids employed Clibanarii in their western armies, mainly against Eastern Roman empire.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Clibanarii (203 words)

	All Empires History Forum: Evolution of the Cataphract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		This is done in accordance with the prevalent opinion that the decisive factor in qualifying a rider as a catafractus or a clibanarius was the military equipment he used: well developed protective armour, a long spear which was the basic offensive weapon, and the use of the horse protected by armour.
		The basic criterion of the cataphracti and the clibanarii distinction is based not on the analysis of the relevant equipment (this has been preferred so far) but on an attempt to assess the tactics used by cataphracti and clibanarii.
		On the other hand, the tactics of the clibanarii was more similar to the fighting principle adopted by medieval cavalry armed with lances (I make this comparison fully aware of the differences arising from the lack of stirrups in antiquity and a different way of using a long shaft weapon).
	www.allempires.com /forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=2722&PN=1 (1590 words)

	Rome's Heavy Cavalry - Ancient Roman Empire Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Both were called cataphracts in strict definition, and their equipment was broadly similar, although the persian style used longer lances and heavier armour.
		Many roman clibanarii units were in fact manned with persians.
		As a point of interest, one later clibanarii formation were horse-archers, not lancers.
	www.unrv.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=3953 (1585 words)

	Detail Page
		In the 5th century some are portrayed with knee-length hooded scale or mail shirts that must have weighed 25 to 30 kg (55 to 66 lb), similar in style to those later worn by Norman knights.
		In the 4th century cataphracti were lightly armored cavalry and the clibanarii were heavily armored cavalry.
		Clibanarii were first used (unsuccessfully) against Constantine in 312.
	www.fofweb.com /Onfiles/Ancient/AncientDetail.asp?iPin=HLAR0264 (1455 words)

	Zenobia: Empress of the East: Sassanian Stuff
		Perhaps these finds were not meant for clibanarii but to protect horses of the archers of the XXth Palmyrenes; or perhaps the grafitti artist got carried away.
		This is hardly the first time that 'art' and archaeology diverge but a close look at the (admittedly later) Taq-e Bustan horse -- at the top of the post -- does seem to show the beast covered as far as its hocks.
		Aurelian defeated her, supported as she was by many thousands of clibanarii and archers, at Immae, not far from Antioch....
	judithweingarten.blogspot.com /2007/09/sassanian-stuff.html (1301 words)

	Late Roman/Early Byzantine Army Organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Clibanarii were catacphract members of the Palatini, of Persian origin, which could also be grouped in Vexillatio, perhaps in place of the regular cataphracts in some armies, and were sometimes even mounted archers as well, the Sagitarii Clibanarii.
		The Scholae, was a Clibanarii unit of Imperial guards, that by this time, was still in existance, but functioned more as a parade unit.
		Vexiiiationes was the name of the type of units of the cavalry of the field armies and some border armies.
	p200.ezboard.com /fromanarmytalkfrm1.showMessage?topicID=486.topic (1723 words)

	Untitled Document
		We have 12 different Clibanarii figures, 4 medium, 4 heavy, 3 armoured, 3 light and 6 barded horses in the range.
		2 Packs of Generals, 22 Packs of Clibanarii, 4 Packs of Light Cavalry, 4 Packs of Levy Foot, 1 Pack of Light infantry and 1 Elephant.
		2 Packs of Generals, 16 Packs of Clibanarii, 4 Packs of Cataphracts, 7 Packs of Light Cavalry, 3 Packs of Levy Foot, 2 Pack of Light Infantry Archers and 1 Elephant.
	www.ndwarlords.freeserve.co.uk /freikorp12.htm (369 words)

	New Page Title
		The development of clibanarii, who were even heavier (so it is thought(48)) than cataphracts, was a Sasanid-influenced development.
		The Roman clibanarii were heavily armoured, with even the horse being covered with metal or horn scales.
		The fact that they were specifically tailored for use on the Eastern frontier is shown by the fact that Diocletian created three arms-factories for clibanarii armour in the East, while the West had only one(51).
	scissorblades.tripod.com /StrategoiAristos/id8.html (6297 words)

	Warhammer Historical Wargames
		The light clibanarii also charged the Byzantine javelineers, who fired (ineffectually) and fled (far enough to escape!).
		The elephant crew and the other light clibanarii concentrated archery on the Byzantine skutatoi [1], whilst the right wing kept whittling down the Byzantine left wing cavalry, killing five in one comitatus unit [5].
		On the right centre the Army Standard Bearer’s clibanarii unit advanced and wheeled right to face the Byzantine bucellarii, who had both the General and Army Standard in their front rank.
	www.warhammer-historical.com /battle-reports/byzantium/byzantium-br2.asp (810 words)

	The Battle of the Long Orchard
		To the left of the Rugians were the Comites Clibanarii and the Equites Persae Clibanarii, not yet returned to Syria and on their right 500 loyal Alan foederati.
		However, despite all their violent intent the warriors of both sides could make no headway against each other; even the mighty Clibanarii in all their armour could not shift the western auxilia palatina who faced them.
		The Comites Clibanarii broke the auxilia to their front opening a gap in the line and outflanking the enemy to both sides.
	pages.eidosnet.co.uk /~nikgaukroger/battles/orchard/battle.htm (2911 words)

	Game 2 in Milano
		The Roman Clibanarii had no real answer to the onslaught, and retreated to save their skins, only an element off breaking - soon only a bolt shooter stood between the legion and a Flank of (not quite so bad as it used to be) Disaster.
		With their left flank in tatters, and the Clibanarii and their supporting light horse being chased from the field, the day was drawing close for the noble Romans, but on their right they continued to press forwards, moving through the rough ground.
		The loss of the Ps (O) support as an "aggressive" factor meant my Egyptian Cv (S) were able to go head on into the Roman legions, pinning them frontally whilst we pushed back the Roman Clibanarii to their left, exposing the infantry's flank.
	www.madaxeman.com /game_reports/game_2_in_milano.htm (485 words)

	Dust to Dust
		Seeing the enemy deployed in two lines, but not being able to work out where the Legionaries were yet, the Sassanids decided to deploy their infantry in the centre, and form their cavalry into loose columns behind them.
		The Cataphracts and Clibanarii could then move out to the right or left once the main Roman threat had been identified, closing to contact as soon as possible.
		The battered Clibanarii were broken, but outdistanced their pursuers as they routed.
	www.visbellica.com /Articles/Dust2Dust/art_dust2dust.htm (1863 words)

	Warhammer Historical Wargames (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The rest of the clibanarii didn’t move (in order to maximize the effect of their archery.) The levy didn’t move either!
		The elephant crew and the other light clibanarii concentrated archery on the Byzantine skutatoi [1], whilst the right wing kept whittling down the Byzantine left wing cavalry, killing five in one comitatus unit [5].
		On the right centre the Army Standard Bearer’s clibanarii unit advanced and wheeled right to face the Byzantine bucellarii, who had both the General and Army Standard in their front rank.
	warhammer-historical.com /battle-reports/byzantium/byzantium-br2.asp (810 words)

	Notitia Dignitatum - Clibanarii
		Secundi clibanarii Parthi, a comitatenses vexillation under the Magister Militum Praesentalis II Quarti clibanarii Parthi, a comitatenses vexillation under the Magister Militum per Orientem
		Persae clibanarii, a palatine vexillation under the Magister Militum Praesentalis II Scola scutariorum clibanariorum under the eastern Magister Officiorum
		Accordingly, the number of units of clibanarii is the same as the number of units of catafractarii, and like the catafractarii, the western empire has just a single example of clibanarii compared to six eastern examples; both of these facts seem to be coincidental however.
	www.ne.jp /asahi/luke/ueda-sarson/Clibanarii.html (136 words)

	Sassanid Persians
		LA, BO Up to half of Guard Clibanarii bases may add SH at +2 points per base.
		LA, BO Up to half of Clibanarii bases may add SH at +2 points per base.
		HS, SH Clibanarii bases may add SH at +2 points per base.
	visbellica.com /ArmyLists/al_sassanids.htm (190 words)

	BI: Catafractarii or Clibanarii? [Archive] - Civilization Fanatics' Forums
		May 16, 2006, 12:59 PM I've found the Clibanarii to be faster, and hit hard.
		May 18, 2006, 02:24 PM I've found the Clibanarii to be faster, and hit hard.
		Jun 20, 2006, 02:31 PM But clibanarii are on BI, and Parthia is in vanilla.
	forums.civfanatics.com /archive/index.php/t-170718.html (1248 words)

	IT.CULTURA.STORIA.MILITARE ON-LINE: Articoli: Ricerche: Storia Antica: La cavalleria nell'esercito romano
		In realtà, come detto sopra, la riforma del I secolo non riguardò la cavalleria, se non nel senso che a partire dalla prima metà di esso non ci fu pi&uograve; una cavalleria propriamente romana, ma solo alleata o mercenaria: una cavalleria legionaria fu reinstituita solo durante il I sec.
		Nella battaglia di Strasburgo del 357, l'imperatore (o meglio il Cesare) Giuliano (il famoso Apostata), schierò un nutrito corpo di cavalieri pesanti (i cosiddetti catafratti o clibanarii) che, sebbene non decisivi, contribuirono comunque a sgominare le orde alamanne che avevano invaso la Gallia Romana.
		Contro di essi gli equites sagittarii clibanarii (cavalieri corazzati esperti nel tiro con l'arco) di Ezio fecero meraviglie, risultando decisivi ai fini dell'esito finale della battaglia.
	www.icsm.it /articoli/ri/commentocavesro.html (2355 words)

	Books of Yore
		The crack Auxilia and all the heavy cavalry are in the main command.
		The aim seems to have been to use the Alan "sagitarii clibanarii" to bring the Huns to battle, whence the firepower of the foot and the weight of the heavy horse could deal them severe blows.
		"Heavy" horse archers (Equites clibanarii sagitarii) - clearly armoured horse archers, probably many of them Alan kinsmen: Some of the units are familiar from the Notitia Dignitatum, but not from Gaul - these could be new units created by western Patricians.
	www.btinternet.com /~a.patrick/yore.htm (454 words)

	Byzantine battle tactics
		For example, the Byzantine army was the first army in the world to adopt combined arms task forces as part of its regular doctrine, similar in many ways to the German Kampfgruppen of WWII.
		Unlike the Roman legions, the core of its strength was in its heavy cavalry Cataphracts, which evolved from the Clibanarii of the late empire.
		Infantry were still used but mainly in support roles and as a base of maneuver for the cavalry.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/Medieval/war/ByzantineBattleTactics.html (2614 words)

	Late Roman (West) - DBA 77a
		The Clibanarii were more common in later years and were modeled after eastern cavalry.
		The Equites sagittarii Clibanarii and the Equites Persae Clibanarii emulated the bow-armed Persian heavy cavalry.
		Other Clibanarii, such as the Cuneus Equitum Clibanariorum Palmirenorum were modeled after the fully armored lancers fielded by the Parthians and Palmyrans.
	www.fanaticus.org /DBA/armies/dba77a.html (2064 words)

	Does the AI switch to use secondary weapons in BI / RTW 1.3? - The Guild
		Well, it depends on which Clibanarii we are speaking of.
		Since the Sassanid Clibanarii have a bow as their main weapon I would say that it too have a secondary weapon (also good AP).
		Yes but that goes without saying as they are missile cav so AI will switch to secondary weapon and the player will use it too as he know it has a secondary weapon.
	forums.totalwar.org /vb/showthread.php?t=55114 (643 words)

	storiamilitare.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The clibanarii on the other hand, have Persian or Parthian origins, and were
		One unit of clibanarii does not fit the contemporary descriptions of fully
		evidence of this one unit to suggest that all clibanarii were armed with
	www.storiamilitare.info /article.php?id=10597&group=it.cultura.storia.militare (634 words)

	Dust to Dust
		Seeing the enemy deployed in two lines, but not being able to work out where the Legionaries were yet, the Sassanids decided to deploy their infantry in the centre, and form their cavalry into loose columns behind them.
		The Cataphracts and Clibanarii could then move out to the right or left once the main Roman threat had been identified, closing to contact as soon as possible.
		The battered Clibanarii were broken, but outdistanced their pursuers as they routed.
	visbellica.com /Articles/Dust2Dust/art_dust2dust.htm (1863 words)

	Sassanid SHA List
		Every battle featured cataphracts, armored cavalry, lesser armored cavalry on the flanks of the armored cavalry plying their bows, horse archers, up to 1800 scythed chariots, lots of elephants, and lighter infantry.
		The 3(1)0 clibanarii are the lesser armed cavalry assuming that they were different than the horse archers.
		I am assuming that the heavy armed cavalry consists of cataphracts at 400-500 men per unit while the lesser armed consist of both clibanarii and horse archers at 1400-1500 to preserve the ratio while simulating the reported effective use of the cataphracts.
	warflute.org /armies/sassanid_SHA_subodai_historical_army.html (335 words)

	IT.CULTURA.STORIA.MILITARE ON-LINE: Articoli: Ricerche: Storia Antica
		Equites Promoti Seniores e Comites Clibanarii) e di 61 vexillationes comitatenses (ad es.
		Equites Quinto Dalmatae ed Equites Primi Clibanarii Parthi).
		Inoltre, come a sottolineare l'evoluzione dell'esercito romano verso una forza principalmente montata, la cavalleria palatina e comitatense aveva rango superiore rispettivamente alla fanteria palatina e comitatense.
	www.icsm.it /articoli/ri/esimprom.html (1925 words)

	Sasanian Army - (CAIS)
		The backbone of the spāh was its heavy cavalry "in which all the nobles and men of rank" underwent "hard service" [156] and became professional soldiers "through military training and discipline, through constant exercise in warfare and military manoeuvres" [157].
		From the third century the Romans also formed units of heavy cavalry of the Oriental type [158]; they called such horsemen clibanarii "mailclad [riders]" [159], a term thought to have derived from an Iranian grīwbānar < grīwbānwar < *griva-pāna-bara "neck-guard wearer"
		Of these some who were armed with pikes, stood so motionless that you would have thought them held fast by clamps of bronze" [161].
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/Military/sasanian_army.htm (1558 words)

	New book on Sarmatians
		Cataphracti and Clibanarii, Studies on the Heavy Armoured Cavalry of the Ancient World.
		Oficyna Naukowa MS, Lodz, 1993; “Studies on the History of the Ancient and Medieval Art of Warfare” series, volume I. 145pp plus 27 plates, paperback.
		I don't remember where I got "Cataphracti and Clibanarii" from, but I think it was Amazon.com UK.
	p200.ezboard.com /fromanarmytalkfrm10.showMessage?topicID=106.topic (209 words)

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