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Topic: Clifford Durr

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	Office of the Dean
		Durr became a vigorous advocate of breaking down the control that a few large networks and corporations held over the broadcasting industry.
		Durr demanded better programming and fewer commercials and endorsed a controversial plan that made broadcast license renewals contingent on demonstrated concern for quality programming.
		Durr's struggle for a more democratic broadcasting system operating in the public interest paralleled his fight to preserve civil liberties for all Americans.
	www.ccom.ua.edu:16080 /dean/chf/durr.html (265 words)

	[No title]
		Durr, he notes, not only defended those who had been falsely accused, but unlike other civil liberties lawyers of this period also defended individuals who actually were or had been members of the Communist Party as well as those in close association with those ideals.
		Clifford Durr's law office as well as the Durr's home became a haven for many of the prominent and those not so noted who came to aid the South and the country through this transition.
		Clifford Durr's ability to push forward in the legal battle for civil rights was aided substantially by financial support from liberal philanthropists throughout the country, perhaps none of which was more important to the Durr's personally than that provided by Jessica Mitford.
	www.bsos.umd.edu /gvpt/lpbr/subpages/reviews/salmond.htm (2066 words)

	Montgomery Bus Boycott: The story of Rosa Parks and the Civil Rights Movement
		Durr campaigned to set aside frequencies for educational programs and to open up the airways for more diverse applicants, some of whom were attacked for their leftist politics.
		Durr was therefore ready in December 1955 when police arrested Rosa Parks for refusing to give up her seat to a white man. Durr called the jail when authorities refused to tell Nixon what the charges against Parks were and Durr and his wife accompanied Nixon to the jail when Nixon bailed her out.
		Durr and Gray represented Parks in her criminal appeals in state court, while Gray took on the federal court litigation challenging the constitutionality of the ordinance.
	www.montgomeryboycott.com /bio_durr.htm (1002 words)

	Durr Lecture Series Brightens City’s Intellectual Climate
		Clifford Durr told him he was the first person to speak to them all day.
		Durr as a young man in Chicago, during one of her crusades against the poll tax.
		This was the sixth annual Clifford J. Durr lecture since AUM initiated the series in the Spring of 1992.
	www.majorcox.com /columns/durr-lec.htm (673 words)

	Veterans of the Civil Rights Movement — Douglas A. Hedin
		Born in 1899 to a prominent Montgomery family, Clifford Durr held all the racial and class prejudices of his time, and none were shaken by college, law school or two years as a Rhodes Scholar at Oxford, England.
		Clifford Durr was one of the few lawyers who did try to do this, and his law practice ended up being nothing." Jack Bass, Taming the Storm 128 (Doubleday 1993).
		After Clifford Durr died, I wrote to his wife and told her how much I remembered and had been influenced by my work for the "Inc Fund" as well as by the time, albeit short, I had spent with her family that summer.
	www.crmvet.org /vet/hedin.htm (1452 words)

	Clifford Durr - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Clifford Durr (1899 – 1975) was a Birmingham, Alabama lawyer, known for defending political activists, who represented Rosa Parks in Federal court after the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
		He argued that the Montgomery ordinance that segregated passengers on city buses was unconstitutional.
		Durr, born to a wealthy Alabama family, studied at the University of Alabama and was a Rhodes Scholar at Oxford University.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Clifford_Durr (230 words)

	Tolerance.org: WOMEN WHO INSPIRE JUSTICE: Virginia Durr
		Durr perhaps is best known as the white woman who helped bail Rosa Parks out of jail after the Montgomery seamstress' arrest in 1955 for refusing to give up her seat on the bus to a white man.
		She and husband Clifford Durr, a Montgomery attorney who aided in the case that ultimately led to the Supreme Court ruling barring segregation on Montgomery's buses, worked side by side as crusaders for civil rights at a time when it was unpopular for Southern whites to do so.
		In 1985, Durr published her autobiography, the acclaimed "Outside the Magic Circle." Until her death in February 1999, she remained a tireless advocate for equality.
	www.tolerance.org /news/article_tol.jsp?id=948 (788 words)

	Person of the Week: Virginia Durr
		Clifford Durr accepted an assignment, assisting President Roosevelt with the reopening of banks closed by the Depression.
		She worked closely and tirelessly with liberal political leaders including Senator Lyndon Johnson, Representative Claude Pepper and civil rights reformer Mary McLeod Bethune to garner the necessary support for legislation which culminated in the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and the demise of the poll tax.
		In December, 1955, Virginia and Clifford Durr bailed seamstress Rosa Parks out of jail after she was arrested in Montgomery, Alabama, for refusing to give up her seat to a white man on one of the city's segregated buses.
	www.wellesley.edu /Anniversary/durr.html (676 words)

	Vernon Johns 22 Life in Montgomery
		Clifford Durr moved to Birmingham about 1924 and got a job with Martin, Thompson, and Stern, the firm that represented the Alabama Power Company.
		She was active in the Junior League and in the church and belonged to a bridge club and a sewing circle and made clothes for her daughter.
		Virginia Durr (1985: 243 and 251) wrote that Cliff was brought up to believe that a Southern gentleman never took advantage of a fl man. The fl man had his place and the white man had his place.
	www.vernonjohns.org /tcal001/vjmontlf.html (2582 words)

	NLG Chicago Chapter
		Alabama-born Clifford Durr "was a grim harbinger to white Southern liberals on the race issue.
		To Durr, the loyalty hearings were un-American inquisitions in which innocent people were branded as perverts or subversives on the word of anonymous FBI informants.
		Durr famously and vocally refused to care whether his clients actually were members of the Communist Party or had been falsely accused of membership.
	www.nlgchicago.org /durr-about.shtml (621 words)

	Collected Resources for Leaving Eden: The Long Journey of Cliff and Virginia Durr
		Morgan, a friend of Virginia Durr, allegedly committed suicide because of the social ostracism and harassment that she faced due to her support of the bus boycott and civil rights in Montgomery.
		Since Clifford Durr was one of FCC Chairman Fly’s most loyal supporters, the collection also highlights Durr’s role as a FCC commissioner, the political and philosophical beliefs that he held, and his confrontations with the FBI.
		Durr, she questions his defense of the suppression of civil rights and civil liberties in the Soviet Union, while promoting civil rights and civil liberties causes within the United States.
	www.aptv.org /LeavingEden/research.html (1955 words)

	A Birthday Tribute to Virginia Foster Durr
		Studs Terkel characterized Virginia Foster Durr in the introduction to her autobiography, Outside The Magic Circle, as a "well brought-up Southern white woman" who stepped outside the magic circle, abandoned privilege, and challenged the traditional Southern way of life.
		Virginia Durr went to Washington in 1933 as the wife of Clifford Durr.
		Dressed in a pink dress and sitting in the white-wicker chair shown in the photograph that accompanied the 700 birthday party invitations, Virginia Durr shook the hands, kissed the cheeks or hugged the necks of each of the guests, all of whom she knew personally.
	www.majorcox.com /columns/durr-1.htm (785 words)

	What others have said about the Durrs
		Durr was an implausible source if not preposterous source of information, for he is as hipped on race-mixing as the cranks who oppose fluoride in the water.
		Durr is intellectually gifted, but he is crudely subjective in his viewpoints.
		Clifford Durr when I was in Washington and she was devoted to progress in this country.
	www.aptv.org /LeavingEden/quotes.html (705 words)

	314 Virginia Durr: Southern Belle turned Liberal Activist
		Cliff and Virginia Durr went to Washington, DC, as part of the New Deal, and Virginia entertained and socialized as a political wife and belle was expected to, and as her sister, married to Senator and later Justice Hugo Black did.
		Cliff Durr was the founding President of the Montgomery UU Fellowship (Virginia never became a UU), and we heard about the trials of that fellowship as it was turned out of many a rental meeting place for taking assertive stands for racial justice.
		The members of the Montgomery UU Fellowship — including people who had known Virginia Durr and even a cousin of Clifford Durr's — were enthusiastic in their appreciation for the presentation.
	www.uua.org /ga/ga00/314.html (891 words)

	The Sentinel Online : Archives : News
		Lyon’s parents, Virginia Foster Durr and Clifford Durr, together with fl political leader E.D. Nixon, bailed out the late Rosa Parks when she was imprisoned for violating the segregation ordinance in Montgomery, Ala.
		The Durrs, both native Alabamians, were among the few whites to support the subsequent Montgomery Bus Boycott that began 50 years ago on Dec. 1.
		Later, Durr was subpoenaed by Mississippi Sen. James Eastland, a McCarthy ally, to a hearing of the Senate Subcommittee on Internal Security.
	www.cumberlink.com /articles/2005/11/29/news/news03.txt (1143 words)

	LANTA
		Furthermore, this job allowed her to be hired as a housekeeper by a white couple - Clifford and Virginia Durr.
		The Durr's were active in politics and spotted Rosa Parks on the Air Force Base.
		Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on the bus, she was charged with a violation of Chapter 6, Section 11 segregation law of the Montgomery City code, even though at the time she sat down - she was in the "Colored" section.
	www.lantabus.com /history/index.php (1289 words)

	Jewish Currents May 2006 - They Stood Up
		Virginia and her husband, Clifford J. Durr, a patrician white Southern attorney, were certainly on their way up during the late 1930s and’40s.
		When Clifford realized that, as a member of the FCC or as its possible chairman, he would be forced to administer loyalty oaths to all FCC employees and to rely on allegations from nameless informants, he refused a reappointment when President Truman offered it in 1948.
		Virginia lived in a gracious albeit somewhat shabby home in an older section of white Montgomery that she claimed was peopled by strange eccentrics, like the demented aged gentleman who prowled the neighborhood day and night wearing his Confederate Army uniform.
	www.jewishcurrents.org /2006-may-zellner.htm (3273 words)

	\| Book Review \| Law and History Review, 19.1 \| The History Cooperative
		The three men, each left-of-center-non-Communist, but not anti-Communist, were heavily involved in the National Lawyers Guild (Durr and Coe served as president in the 1950s) and the Southern Conference Educational Fund.
		Their careers intersected in 1954 when all three appeared with clients in New Orleans where the House Un-American Activities Committee was conducting hearings as it investigated the Southern Conference Educational Fund.
		Clifford Durr spoke of the South's intolerance of diversity and its resistance to change as only a variation of "the national disease" (180).
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/lhr/19.1/br_13.html (1034 words)

	University of Alabama News
		Her sister married Hugo Black, and she married Clifford Durr (Hall of Fame 1998), an attorney who was impressed by her tenacious work in a law library.
		While there, Virginia Durr began her tireless work against the poll tax, a protracted battle for fl suffrage that did not end until passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
		Her criticism of the Korean War cost Clifford Durr his position in Washington, and when the couple returned to Alabama they were outcasts, branded as socialists and worse.
	www.ua.edu /advancement/ur/releases/oct02/commleaders101702.htm (2656 words)

	VIRGINIA FOSTER DURR,
		Durr was raised in Birmingham, Alabama, and attended Wellesley College.
		The Durrs returned to Alabama in 1951 and settled in Montgomery.
		Durr and her husband Clifford accompanied civil rights leader E.D. Nixon to bail Mrs.
	www.research.umbc.edu /~lindenme/hist326/durr.htm (1015 words)

	An article from THE VOTER, A Publication of the LWV of Alabama
		Working for reforms with people who were considered extremely left-wing, she endured the accusations of Communist sympathies leveled at many liberal reformers in the 1940s and '50s.
		Parks was arrested, Clifford Durr was the lawyer who defended her.
		Those dark days passed eventually, and Virginia Durr became a revered and beloved daughter of Alabama in her later years, when she was also a member of the Montgomery LWV.
	www.lwval.org /Voter/Voter_LWVAL_Summer_05_files/p08.html (383 words)

	Interview With Rosa Parks \| Scholastic.com
		Durr called the jail, and they told him that I was there.
		Durr before he could come get me. Mr.
		Durr's wife insisted on going too, because she and I were good friends.
	content.scholastic.com /browse/article.jsp?id=5223 (2498 words)

	HR 466 - Durr, Virginia Foster; condolences - Fulltext
		Durr belonged to a lobbying group that tried without success to outlaw poll taxes and increase fl voter registration in the South; and WHEREAS, she was a personal friend of First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt and the sister-in-law of the late Supreme Court Justice Hugo Black; and -1- LC 19 4263 WHEREAS, Mrs.
		Durr died at the age of 95 years and is survived by her four daughters, Ann Lyon, Lucy Hackney, Tilla Durr, and Lulah Colan, 11 grandchildren, and one great-grandchild.
		BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Clerk of the House of Representatives is authorized and directed to transmit an appropriate copy of this resolution to the family of Virginia Foster Durr.
	www.legis.state.ga.us /legis/1999_00/leg/fulltext/hr466.htm (252 words)

	Religion & Ethics NewsWeekly . WEB EXCLUSIVE . Interview: Studs Terkel . December 19, 2003 \| PBS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		HOPE DIES LAST is also a tribute to Virginia and Clifford Durr, two people who lived in the South and who were well-off.
		And Virginia Durr -- I first heard of her in 1944 at a big anti-poll tax gathering in Chicago.
		He said the group the Durrs belonged to, the Southern Conference on Human Welfare, was subversive because it was antilynching, anti-poll tax, and for integration.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/religionandethics/week716/exclusive.html (2917 words)

	One Utah » Blog Archive » How I Know I’m Not Crazy
		I had the pleasure of being with three of the four Durr daughters at the Clifford and Virginia Durr Lecture Series in Montgomery, three weeks ago.
		My loyalty to the circle of people of which the Durrs, the Munfords, my family, and our mutual friends are part is entirely in line with such hope for a South other than the stereotypical Bozart of the Sahara of which Henry Louis Mencken wrote.
		I am confident that the Durrs and their daughters would much prefer that the spirit of Virginia and Cliff be kept alive than that their praises be sung and statues erected to them.
	oneutah.org /2006/04/24/cliff-durr (4456 words)

	JS Online:
		Colan's parents, Virginia and Clifford Durr, were both civil rights activists, and her childhood provided a front-row seat at historic moments.
		Virginia Foster Durr is pictured on the cover of "Freedom Writer," which features a collection of Durr's letters.
		Colan recalls her parents, upon their return, being, "ashamed and disappointed at the way white Southerners were behaving." It was her parents' discontent, she said, that propelled them to get involved in the civil rights movement.
	www.jsonline.com /news/metro/jan04/197528.asp (954 words)

	Tolerance.org
		EDITOR'S NOTE: In honor of Women's History Month in March, Tolerance.org will offer a five-part series — "Women Who Inspire Justice" — with profiles of women activists who have led the charge for equality and justice in their communities.
		We begin our series early, with Virginia Foster Durr, a "Southern belle" remembered as a fearless advocate for human and civil rights.
		Durr attended Wellesley College for two years where she developed a passion for women's rights.
	www.tolerance.org /news/article_print.jsp?id=948 (771 words)

	Legislative Search - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Ashe 46th HR 466 A RESOLUTION in honor of the life of Virginia Foster Durr; and for other purposes.
		HR 466 LC 19 4263 A RESOLUTION 1 In honor of the life of Virginia Foster Durr; and for other 2 purposes.
		Durr died at the age of 95 years and is 2 survived by her four daughters, Ann Lyon, Lucy Hackney, 3 Tilla Durr, and Lulah Colan, 11 grandchildren, and one 4 great-grandchild.
	www.state.ga.us /services/leg/ShowBillPre.cgi?year=1999&filename=1999/HR466 (174 words)

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