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Topic: Climate simulation

In the News (Thu 31 May 12)

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	Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis
		Though simulations of many centuries are required to fully integrate the global climate system, for many applications regional information on climate or climate change is required for at most several decades.
		The AGCM simulations are initialised using atmospheric and land-surface conditions interpolated from the corresponding AOGCM fields.
		Therefore, in a climate change simulation they are providing a reinterpretation of the impact on the atmosphere of the sea surface and radiative forcings compared to that given by the driving AOGCM.
	www.grida.no /climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/379.htm (834 words)

	Transient climate simulation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A transient climate simulation is a mode of running a global climate model in which a period of time (typically 1850-2100) is simulated with continuously-varying concentrations of greenhouse gases so that the climate of the model represents a realistic mode of possible change in the real world.
		In an equilibrium simulation, time is merely a label and a given year or decade does not represent the simulation of a calendar year or decade.
		In a transient simulation, instead of a sudden change in greenhouse gases and other forcings, the forcings are changed gradually, either in an idealised way (1% CO2 increase, for example) or a more realistic fashion (one of the SRES scenarios).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Transient_climate_simulation (367 words)

	Earth Simulator - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Earth Simulator (ES) was the fastest supercomputer in the world from 2002 to 2004.
		It has been able to run holistic simulations of global climate in both the atmosphere and the oceans down to a precision of 10 km.
		Earth Simulator's capacity was surpassed by IBM's Blue Gene/L prototype on September 29, 2004.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Earth_Simulator (351 words)

	Latest CACTUS Meeting report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Simulation of bomb C-14 suggests that the latitudinal distribution of STE may be improved.
		The simulation of SF6 indicates reduced interhemispheric exchange by 5% in the 2xCO2 climate, due to a weaker Hadley circulation, and increased moist convection and associated vertical transport.
		As the aerosol simulation is gaining maturity it becomes important to have consistent schemes at GISS and Caltech for cloud microphysics and for the radiative forcing from different types of aerosols.
	www-as.harvard.edu /chemistry/trop/ids/minutes.html (1295 words)

	Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis
		Current climate models incorporate snow in varying degrees of sophistication and there is currently major uncertainty in the ability of land-surface schemes to simulate snow mass or cover (see Chapter 7, Section 7.5).
		Frei and Robinson (1998) evaluated the simulation of monthly mean snow extent from 27 AMIP AGCMs and found weaknesses in the simulation of the seasonal cycle of snow extent and a general underestimation in interannual variability.
		The Northern Hemisphere snow simulations of fourteen global coupled models contributed to CMIP are summarised in Figure 8.11 and Table 8.3.
	www.pnl.gov /aisu/pubs/eemw/papers/ipccreports/workinggroup1/322.htm (812 words)

	Page 2 -- Circular 1153 -- A Strategy for Assessing Potential Future Changes in Climate, Hydrology, and Vegetation in ...
		SIMULATION OF A POTENTIAL 2 X CO The GENESIS 2 X CO simulation used a 50-m-thick "slab ocean" and atmospheric CO concentrations prescribed at 680 ppm--twice the level used in the present-day simulation (Giorgi, Shields-Brodeur, and Bates, 1994).
		July precipitation for the 2 X CO climate is generally greater than that modeled for the present-day climate in the northern half of the region and is less than that simulated for the present-day climate in the southern half of the region.
		The climate anomalies (RegCM of 2 X CO climate minus RegCM of present-day climate) are shown in I-L. The temperature anomalies show greater warming in winter than in summer, with the maximum warming in winter in the interior of the continent (I).
	pubs.usgs.gov /circ/1998/c1153/c1153_2.htm (1225 words)

	Günter Küppers and Johannes Lenhard: Validation of Simulation
		Recently, it has been argued that simulation models are a specific kind of models and that the simulation method can be seen as associated with a characteristic realisation of the mediating role — be it "semi-autonomous" (Winsberg 2003) or as "modelling of second order" (Küppers and Lenhard 2005).
		Phillips simulation experiment was a tremendous success, but it exhibited also an important failure of the simulation model: the dynamics of the atmosphere were stable only for a few weeks.
		Simulation models constitute a particular class of models, distinct from theoretical models that are tractable by analytical methods.
	jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk /8/4/3.html (6003 words)

	Impact of bogus tropical cyclones on summertime circulation in regional climate simulation
		Impact of bogus tropical cyclones on summertime circulation in regional climate simulation
		Ten-year (1987–1996) summertime simulations are conducted using a regional climate model to investigate the impact of tropical cyclones on simulated summertime circulation over east Asia.
		The simulated summertime monsoon climatology with and without bogus tropical cyclones incorporated into the large-scale forcing of the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis is analyzed.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2002/2001JD000416.shtml (542 words)

	Modelling climate change: known unknowns David Stainforth - openDemocracy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The climate system is chaotic, which means that small changes in one location at one point in time can lead to large differences at other locations at some future point in time.
		The climate is affected by many factors which are considered to be separate from, or outside, the climate system.
		An important and often cited measure of how substantially the climate might respond to changing levels of greenhouse gases is “climate sensitivity”, defined as the equilibrium global warming in response to doubling levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2).
	www.opendemocracy.net /ecology-climate_change_debate/2571.jsp (1285 words)

	Update: Climate of the 20th Century Project
		The first simulation in the Climate of the 20th Century Project was completed in mid-September.
		Solar variability was not simulated in this run because the modelers are trying to distinguish the individual contributions of various changes, such as greenhouse gas increases, to climate change.
		This simulation was not forced with human-induced effects, such as increased carbon dioxide.
	www.ucar.edu /communications/quarterly/winter98/update.html (655 words)

	Python to help scientists attack advanced climate simulation problems
		Climate researchers currently depend upon complex and unwieldy computer programs that require months of work if they want to adjust their models.
		Pierrehumbert and his colleagues plan to adapt Python to existing simulations that combine the effects of the ocean and the atmosphere on climate.
		Dust is as important to the climate of Mars as water is Earth’s climate.
	www-news.uchicago.edu /releases/01/011030.pierrehumbert.shtml (824 words)

	[No title]
		Models of the global climate system are used to interpolate and explain paleodata related to past climate states, to study climate processes acting in the present and the recent past (including the effects of human-produced greenhouse gases and aerosols), and to forecast or "project" future climate.
		The display-with the ratio of simulated to observed standard deviation as the radial coordinate and the arc-cosine of the correlation coefficient as the angular coordinate-is mandated by the equation relating the three quantities (Taylor, 2001).
		Errors (simulation minus NCEP reanalysis data) in climatological mean January temperature at the 200 hPa pressure level for the CCM3 (top panel), the CSM (middle panel), and the PCM (bottom panel).
	www-pcmdi.llnl.gov /projects/cmip/comparison_ms/covey_text.html (5184 words)

	Science Briefing
		The simulation was performed in Japan over three weekends through a collaboration between NCAR and the Central Research Institute of the Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), based in Tokyo, Japan.
		For the CRIEPI simulation, carbon dioxide levels in the CSM were specified to increase 1 percent a year, roughly in line with current global trends.
		While the most recent simulation is by no means a forecast, it is an important first step in more realistic depictions of future climate.
	www.ucar.edu /communications/staffnotes/9705/scibrief.html (801 words)

	Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis
		Despite the limitations in simulation length, most RCM experiments clearly indicate that, while the large-scale patterns of surface climate change in the nested and driving models are similar, the mesoscale details of the simulated changes can be quite different.
		In a 20 year nested climate change experiment for the Indian monsoon region, Hassell and Jones (1999) showed that a maximum anomaly of 5°C seen in central northern India in the GCM simulation was reduced and moved to the north-west in the nested RCM, with a secondary maximum appearing to the south-east (Figure 10.14).
		In a transient RCM simulation for 1961 to 2100 over south-eastern Australia, substantial increases were found in the frequency of extreme daily rainfall and days of extreme high maximum temperature (Hennessy et al., 1998), In this long simulation, changes in the frequency of long-duration extreme events (such as droughts) were identified.
	www.grida.no /climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/393.htm (1050 words)

	NWO - Simulation of Ocean Circulation changes during the Tertiary
		In the present climate state, the density driven part of the ocean circulation (called the thermohaline circulation) transports a large amount of heat from the equator northward, leading for example to an equable climate in Europe.
		These transitions are thought to be responsible for the rapid climate changes during the last glacial period.
		The global climate will be simulated for several different continental geometries that have existed during the last 65 Ma.
	www.nwo.nl /projecten.nsf/pages/2200126415 (375 words)

	NWO - Simulation of extreme weather events present and future
		The model support group of the Centrum voor Klimaatonderzoek, CKO of the has recently suggested that the capabilities of this model should be exploited together with the available computing power in the Netherlands to solve one of the challenging problems in climate research.
		A problem which is both very challenging and which is also highly relevant to climate changes in the Netherlands is the issue of change in probability distributions of extreme weather events.
		Data of the large-scale circulation in the climate model may also be used to drive regional, high-resolution, atmospheric models to better simulate extreme events.
	www.nwo.nl /nwohome.nsf/pages/NWOP_5L8FQJ?OpenDocument (628 words)

	Abstract CANDA Meeting May 2000
		Simulation modelling allows a more integrated approach whereby farmers and others are able to apply climate forecasting more directly to their on-farm management as the climate forecasting information has been translated, through this approach, into more useful terms of direct significance to the user.
		A further key aspect in the successful development of an effective climate forecasting-agricultural management system is the need to clearly identify those decision points in the agricultural system where knowledge of a climate forecasting system would make a marked difference in that decision.
		It is also particularly important to consider the industry as a whole as changes in the management system through use of climate forecasting at the farm scale may impact through all sections of the value chain.
	www.bom.gov.au /climate/cli2000/stoneMuch.html (1129 words)

	Climate Change 2001: Mitigation
		Computational, multiscenario simulation is a new analytic approach to the assessment of climate change policy.
		The basic idea is to use computer simulation models to construct a range of a large number of fundamentally different scenarios of the future and, instead of aggregating the results using a probabilistic weighting, make policy arguments from comparisons of fundamentally different, alternative cases.
		From scenario-planning, multiscenario simulation draws the insight that multiple views of the future are crucial to allow groups to transmit and receive information about highly uncertain futures.
	www.grida.no /climate/ipcc_tar/wg3/393.htm (354 words)

	Global Climate Change Simulation for PS336 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The other nations participating in the climate change negotiations debated whether to proceed with finalizing and ratifying the Kyoto Protocol in the face of the US rejection of the treaty.
		Eventually they all agreed to go ahead with ratification and implementation of the treaty, although several key countries such as Australia, Japan, and Canada seemed to be waivering in their resolve as long as the US was unwilling to become a party.
		This worksheet asks you to indicate how your country (organization) may be impacted by climate change, the positions it has taken in previous negotiations, your objectives for the upcoming negotiations, and several specific proposals that you plan to make during the simulation.
	faculty.fortlewis.edu /sallinge_j/simts400.html (1520 words)

	Center for Science in the Earth System
		Climate Impacts Group, Center for Science in the Earth System, Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington, Seattle.
		Climate Impacts Group, Center for Science in the Earth System, Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Oceans, University of Washington.
		The sensitivity of precipitation and snowpack simulations to model resolution via nesting in regions of complex terrain.
	www.cses.washington.edu /db/pubs/topic2.shtml (1800 words)

	Tutorial
		Note your simulation may not look exactly like the figure shown here due to the randomness in the model.
		Note your simulation may not look exactly like this one due to the randomness in the model.
		In this scenario, all parameters are the same as scenario 3 except the climate is changing from wet to dry.
	www.niu.edu /landform/tutorial.html (914 words)

	Our Changing Planet FY 1996 - Highlights Of Recent Research: Improvements In Predicting Future Climate
		Accurate characterization of mesoscale eddies (those with lengths of 10 to 100 km) in climate models is important because of their role in transporting heat, salinity, and passive tracers used to study ocean circulation.
		These high resolution simulations, which divide the globe into grid cells approximately 40 km on a side, were not feasible because of the constraints imposed by limited computing power and modeling capabilities.
		A large climate model simulation requires hundreds to thousands of processor hours for its completion and often produces many gigabytes of model output that must be archived for analysis and intercomparison with other simulations and with observations.
	www.gcrio.org /ocp96/hiliteb5.html (1089 words)

	ClimatePrediction.Net gateway
		To do this, we need people around the world to give us time on their computers - time when they have their computers switched on, but are not using them to their full capacity.
		Climate change, and our response to it, are issues of global importance, affecting food production, water resources, ecosystems, energy demand, insurance costs and much else.
		If you are in the climate research community and are interested in participating in the experiment in a research capacity, the research pages provide some basic background material.
	www.climateprediction.net (253 words)

	1000-Year Run of Climate Change Model
		Accurately predicting global climate change demands complex and comprehensive computer simulation codes, the fastest supercomputers available and the ability to run those simulations long enough to model century after century of the global climate.
		"This simulation will enable climate scientists to study the variability of the climate system on decade to century time scales, which is an important aspect of climate change detection and attribution studies," said Jeff Kiehl, a climate scientist at NCAR and chair of the scientific steering committee for CCSM2.
		Previous climate models have suffered in accuracy by allowing too much "drift," which meant the resulting climate temperature changes could have too much variation to be scientifically useful.
	www.lbl.gov /CS/Archive/headlines090402.html (776 words)

	Summary Report No. 46 — PIK Research Portal
		The comparison of simulation results with a map of PNV suggested that the model is able to realistically simulate regional patterns of forest distribution as well.
		All management scenarios were also simulated with a climate change scenario that was developed by the Department of Climate Research at PIK for a nearby meteorological station.
		The comparison of regional simulation results with a map of PNV (which is an independent model concept based on the floristic composition of the forest vegetation) showed that the spatial pattern of forest types in the state of Brandenburg can be satisfactorily simulated.
	www.pik-potsdam.de /research/publications/pikreports/summary-report-no-46 (2093 words)

	Weather Prediction and Climate Simulation: A Meeting of the Models (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Simulating climate, on the other hand, requires running atmospheric models for much longer timescales forced only by boundary conditions at the top of atmosphere.
		Climate models are intended to simulate the statistics of weather, rather than the actual weather on any specific day.
		The purpose of the CAPT is to use a climate model as a weather forecasting model and therefore be able to evaluate it over shorter timescales against observations of real weather.
	www.arm.gov /science/research/show.php?id=R00062 (702 words)

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