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Topic: Climax community

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	What are the Plants projects?
		The historic climax plant community was in dynamic equilibrium with its environment.
		Plant communities that are subjected to abnormal disturbances and physical site deterioration or that are protected from natural influences, such as fire, for long periods seldom typify the historic climax vegetation and may exist in a steady state that is different from the historic climax plant community.
		The historic climax plant community of an ecological site is not a precise assemblage of species for which the proportions are the same from place to place or from year to year.
	esis.sc.egov.usda.gov /About.aspx (1329 words)

	Climax - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In general, a climax is a point of greatest intensity or force in an ascending series; i.e., a culmination.
		For the climax in the development of an ecosystem, see climax community and climax vegetation.
		John Climax was a 7th century Christian monk at the monastery on Mount Sinai.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Climax (228 words)

	[No title]
		Climax community is the stable community that is balance with the climate of the region and remains unchanged indefinitely.
		CLIMAX The process of succession is often represented as unidirectional, with the community progressing to some defined endpoint or climax that reflects the local environment.
		The climax community is in equilibrium with its environment, especially the climate.
	www.cbu.edu /~esalgado/BIOL412/Ch21.doc (1993 words)

	3255J1.00
		Climax Stage: The process continues along similar lines with progressively more rock broken up into soil and more organic compounds being added to the soil, but succession is still not complete, because the first trees that grow in an area are not usually members of the species that make up the final stage.
		A climax community is the final stage of ecological succession, in w hich no major changes occur in the kinds of species or the structure of the community.
		The climax community is determined mainly by the climate of the region.
	www.utm.edu /staff/ceceone/ecology/3255j1.htm (3247 words)

	Change in Communities Over Time \| Back to Top
		Community succession is the sequential replacement of species by immigration of new species and local extinction of older ones following a disturbance that creates unoccupied habitats for colonization.
		climax community of plants that are stabile in the environment.
		Human activity (such as clearing a climax forest community to establish a farm field consisting of a cultivated pioneering species, say corn or wheat) replaces climax communities with simpler communities.
	schools.scusd.edu /kennedy_2/robertclark/apbiologyweb/readings/ecology/succession.htm (583 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Defined as a directional change in communities following a disturbance or during colonization of newly formed or exposed habitat, that leads to a relatively stable climax community.
		Climax Community Often an arbitrarily determined condition of a seemingly self-replacing community.
		For example, in SW Wisconsin Maple-Basswood forests were the only recongized climax; but at the U of Wisconsin, the Curtis lab found that the final climax community was dependent on soil characteristics; continuum concept, where the climax varies according to subtle site characteristics.
	culter.colorado.edu:1030 /~tims/ctxx16.html (479 words)

	Communities and Succession
		Although Clements’ work continued to be enormously influential, its stress on deterministic climax communities drew increasing criticism from ecologists in the 1930s, especially from those who were interested in adding the study of animals to ecology.
		In overview, the self perpetuation of climax is not possible either because of competition from other species, or because the environment is changed by the very nature of the community.
		The climax community is not an endpoint, but rather part of a continuum of possible formations.
	ecology.botany.ufl.edu /ecologyf02/Communities.html (3242 words)

	Ecology \| Guided Independent Learning \| Environment \| Ecology Online \| EcologyOnline.net \| Robberecht \| Ecology courses ...
		It seems that if a community is at it's climax, then it would finally be stable, and while it is in succession, it would be less stable, since it is changing.
		That is, climax occurs when a community that has reached a stable state under a particular set of climatic conditions (the complex interaction of temperature, wind, precipitation, solar radiation, etc.).
		The common points among the definitions are that the community is defined and characterized by the nature of the interactions among populations and the habitat in which these interacting populations occur.
	www.cnr.uidaho.edu /ecologyinteractive/studentquestions.htm (2018 words)

	[No title]
		A climax community is the relatively stable community at the end of succession.
		Climax community - the mature, stable ecosystem or ecological community that results from succession and remains the same until disturbed.
		Climax communities are often named for their dominant vegetation.
	www.leafrancis.net /Succession.doc (774 words)

	Mark McCleery's Biology Essay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A climax community consists of plants and animals, the animals present are dictated by the plants available.
		In aquatic ecosystems, the climax community may be represented by phytoplankton making the standing crop small yet the high metabolic rates gives high productivity which maximises the energy flow in the system.
		The climax community in this case is a woodland and thus a stable community of plants and animals is achieved.
	www.fulton.btinternet.co.uk /mark.htm (1193 words)

	ecology: Climax Communities
		A climax community is one that has reached the stable stage.
		The early 20th-century belief that the climax community could endure indefinitely is now rejected because climatic stability cannot be assumed over long periods of time.
		It is clear that stable climax communities in most areas can coexist with human pressures on the ecosystem, such as deforestation, grazing, and urbanization.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/sci/A0857880.html (285 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		An example of when a shift in the climax community would occur is on consumption of fermentable carbohydrates that would cause a decrease in the pH of the oral environment as a resultant affect of the build up of the lactic acid bacterial biproduct.
		The initial ‘healthy’ community would most likely contain a climax community of S.mitior, Veillonella alcalescens and S. sanguis which prefer pHs of ~7 and tend to be found on tooth surfaces.
		The new climax community will consist of S. mutans, Lactobacilli and P. intermedia, organisms with are typically associated with diseased states ie.
	individual.utoronto.ca /shupeterlam/acad_matl/micbqa/natoosha.doc (459 words)

	ecology: Climax Communities — Infoplease.com
		A climax community is one that has reached the stable stage.
		The early 20th-century belief that the climax community could endure indefinitely is now rejected because climatic stability cannot be assumed over long periods of time.
		It is clear that stable climax communities in most areas can coexist with human pressures on the ecosystem, such as deforestation, grazing, and urbanization.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/sci/A0857880.html (340 words)

	BSCI 124 Lecture Notes - Plant Succession
		Climax community is thought to be in equilibrium with the environment
		Climax in some Maryland habitats is a hardwood forest, in some California habitats is a grassland, and in some Arizona habitats is a desert
		A plant community may be disturbed causing some plants to be destroyed, as from a fire or from human logging or cultivation.
	www.life.umd.edu /classroom/bsci124/lec34.html (1214 words)

	Community dynamics
		Small scale - a single severe winter freeze or ice storm might be enough to reduce the population of insectivorous birds, a late freeze in the spring might kill or prevent your mums from blooming that year.
		Climax community - result of succession, a more or less stable environment, described by the major plant types involved.
		Approaching climax communities- once forest vegetation established itself, pattern of light intensity and soil moisture and nutrients do not change as markedly as earlier in the sere.
	maine.washcoll.edu /lecture9.htm (722 words)

	Free Essay Ecological Succession
		The sequence of communities during succession is known as a sere, the type of sere is determined by the environment being colonised, eg a hydrosere is a series of successions in an aquatic environment and a xerosere is a succession beginning in a dry area.
		The percentage gross productivity is fixed as net productivity is not continuous with progression towards the climax community, this is because in early seral stages dominant plants are small and have short lives, to make up for this they have a high yield and individual plants require very little energy for maintenance.
		The pioneer community is lichens and as these die and decompose they provide enough nutrients to support a community of small plants such as mosses, as the mosses die out they are typically replaced by ferns.
	www.echeat.com /essay.php?t=25351 (1371 words)

	Lecture 2 - Species Succession for Advanced Community Ecology - BGY C61H3 S (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Compare communities in several areas corresponding to different lengths of time since the onset of succession, from which the sequence of communities is inferred.
		Identification of stable climax communities in the field is usually difficult, in part because of the very long temporal scale.
		Climax is characterized by slow rates of change in an old-growth community (it is not static as implied by the use of stable), compared with more dynamic, earlier stages.
	www.utoronto.ca /env/jah/ace/C61_lc02.htm (2844 words)

	History of the Climax Community Club
		There was a large hall in town that was still registered as property of the Climax Modern Woodman of American Lodge.
		In order to acquire possession of the hall, majority of the stock holders had to sign over their stock without being paid.
		It seemed fate had led to the Community Club Remodel Project Project because in 1954 when the Climax School was completely destroyed by fire, the Community Hall was divided by curtains in order that classes could be conducted there until the new school was built.
	climax.k12.mn.us /ClimaxCommClub/ccc_history.htm (310 words)

	Ch. 22
		After forests appeared, bats and birds came, and plant communities were dominated by plants with animal-dispersed seeds.
		A community that doesn’t get replaced by another community is called a climax community.
		Climax community is endpoint of succession - many seres often progress to same climax in a region
	www.ltcconline.net /kloss/bio149/ch__22.htm (525 words)

	Community and Ecosystem Dynamics
		Most species in a community are far less abundant than the dominant species that provide a community its name: for example oak-hickory, pine, etc. Populations of just a few species are dominant within a community, no matter what community we examine.
		Communities are made up of species adapted to the conditions of that community.
		Equatorial communities are older because they have been less disturbed by glaciers and other climate changes, allowing time for new species to evolve.
	www.estrellamountain.edu /faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookcommecosys.html (4931 words)

	CCC
		The local community often offers ideas where the emphasis needs to be focused and we try to fulfill their needs accordingly.
		The Climax Community Club builds tomorrow’s leaders through a “hands on approach” and encouraging participation on various projects that enhance the local members’ communities.
		A new Community Center was built in 1980 and it is 50 x 100.
	www.climax.k12.mn.us /ClimaxCommClub/ccc.htm (316 words)

	GLOSSARYC
		community age One of the factors that helps cause the latitudinal diversity gradient.
		Tropical communities have had more time to evolve because they have been less disrupted by advancing ice sheets and other relatively recent climatic changes.
		community simplification The reduction of overall species diversity in a community; generally caused by human activity.
	www.emc.maricopa.edu /faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookglossC.html (2109 words)

	[No title]
		__________refers to a property which is not predictable based on the sum of the parts of a community __________The degree of equitability in the distribution of individuals among a group of species __________High species richness is expected if a region is surrounded by different habitats, because of constant dispersal from these other habitats.
		__________What climax theory was espoused by Clements, and states that all vegetation within a region will converge to the same vegetation type, which is regulated by homeostasis.
		It is possible that climax never exists, yet species composition is roughly constant on the landscape scale.
	www.okstate.edu /artsci/botany/bisc3034/exams/studyq94.txt (1666 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		First, most ecologists today argue that the climax is not a closed system, but a dynamic, continually changing system which cannot be characterized by a single group of dominant organisms.
		Second, it is widely held that most successions can lead to several alternate "climax states" depending on conditions; early ecologists believed that each succession usually resulted in a single characteristic climax.
		The community depicted in the graph has reached a forested stage dominated by oaks and beach.
	www.geneseo.edu /~Bosch/Ecology/RCh22.doc (599 words)

	Mount Rushmore National Memorial - Nature & Science
		In the Black Hill a Ponderosa pine forest is the climax forest community.
		A climax community is the final stage of biotic succession attainable by a plant community.
		A typical characteristic of a climax Ponderosa pine forest is an open understory.
	www.nps.gov /moru/pphtml/subnaturalfeatures32.html (1153 words)

	[No title]
		Biomes are made of Climax Communities: communities that are stable over the long term under particular environmental conditions.
		If land is cleared, then remains fallow (undisturbed and unused), it will go through several stages of community types until it reaches the Climax community.
		The climax community will remain stable until disturbed major major environmental forces, including humans.
	www.mines.edu /Academic/courses/dc/dcgn101/Biomes.doc (322 words)

	Environmental Biology Sequence - Grasslands
		If such a community is destroyed (by fire, logging, plowing, etc.) - and then left alone - the biome will regenerate itself over a period of time.
		In this sere, the grass is the pioneer community and the oak-hickory forest is the climax community.
		If one farms in a rain forest, the community is moved from a climax community to an artificial community which resembles an early seral stage.
	www.marietta.edu /~biol/102/grasslnd.html (1090 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The pioneer community is the first one to occupy a disturbed area and begins the process of succession.
		The climax community is the community characteristic of the biome.
		To be able to describe the climax community of the area.
	www.cbu.edu /~esalgado/BIOL107L/succession.doc (519 words)

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