| |
| | Dyspnoea: clinical examination may help to determine cause. |
 | | Specific examination manoeuvers (Valsalva and hepato- or abdominojugular) were exploded) and other articles were found from references in pertinent chapters of major textbooks, contacts with expert colleagues, and citations noted from the reference sections of relevant articles |
 | | Clinical examination included: previous chronic obstructive lung disease, smoker, cough, previous asthma, wheezing, throat clearing, postnasal drip,, dyspnoea with exertion, orthopnoea, nocturnal dyspnoea, peripheral oedema and wheeze or crackles on physical examination. |
 | | A number of clinical signs were included without the precision or reproducibility of these measurements being evaluated. |
| www.eboncall.org /CATs/1857.htm (304 words) |
|