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Topic: Clione

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	The Sea Slug Forum - Clione limacina
		Clione limacina is a relatively common non-shelled (gymnosomatous) pteropod and appears to feed exclusively on species of the shelled (thecosomatous) pteropod genus Spiratella.
		Clione limacina was previously considered to have a bipolar distribution but Gilmer and Lalli (1990) show many internal and external differences between northern and southern hemisphere populations and consider the southern populations should be considered a distinct species, C.
		Hermans, C.O. and Satterlie, R.A. (1992) Fast-strike feeding behaviour in a pteropod mollusk, Clione limacina Phipps.
	www.seaslugforum.net /factsheet.cfm?base=cliolima (362 words)

	Clionidae - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Clione antarctica Smith, 1902 (former synonym of Clione limacina australis (Bruguière, 1792))
		When the prey is in the right position, with its shell opening facing the radula of Clione limacina, it then grasps the prey with its chitinous hooks, everted from hook sacs.
		Morton, J.E. (1958): Observations on the gymnosomatous pteropod Clione limacina (Phipps).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Clionidae (504 words)

	Atkin & Co. - Clione
		Clione is her name -- after the astonishing little mollusk commonly known as the Sea Butterfly that spends its entire life on the water surface, never going ashore nor sinking to the sea's bottom.
		Her freeboard at the bow is 3 feet 11 inches; at the stern 2 feet 11 inches; at the lowest point 2 feet 4 1/2 inches.
		Below deck Clione is laid out for the comfortable accommodation of a party of three, if short cruises are contemplated; but for two if a long voyage or living aboard is planned.
	www.boat-links.com /Atkinco/Sail/Clione.html (747 words)

	Integrative and Comparative Biology: Cellular Mechanisms Underlying Swim Acceleration in the Pteropod Mollusk Clione ...
		The pteropod mollusk Clione limacina swims by dorsal-ventral flapping movements of its wing-like parapodia.
		Typically, Clione swim nearly continuously to maintain a stable position in the water column and avoid sinking due to negative buoyancy.
		The Clione swim system uses many of the general mechanisms underlying locomotor speed changes including: 1) increases in limb cycle frequency, 2) increases in force of limb muscle contraction, and 3) changes in biomechanical properties of the locomotor system (Sillar et al., 1997).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4054/is_200402/ai_n9345444 (1399 words)

	Clione (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Clione is quite agile, using a pair of wide, muscular wings that are narrowly attached in the anterior half of the body.
		When Clione are feeding in dense prey aggregations, the gut of most individuals has a dark appearance.
		Clione inhabits temperate and cold waters of all oceans.
	jellieszone.com /clione.htm (263 words)

	American Zoologist: Mechanisms of locomotory speed change: The pteropod solution
		Clione is able to produce subtle swim accelerations during slow swimming that do not involve an increase in CPG cycle frequency or recruitment of general excitor motoneurons (Satterlie and Norekian, 1996).
		For example, in Clione, fast swimming is used as an aversive (escape) mechanism, during food acquisition behavior, and during egg-laying behavior.
		In Clione, swimming is a nearly continuous background activity, at least during major parts of the diurnal cycle.
	calbears.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3746/is_200109/ai_n8988124/pg_3 (1256 words)

	ASU SoLS Faculty: Richard A. Satterlie
		A second project involves description of the acquisition phase of feeding in Clione, and the description of the effects of motivational state (arousal) on feeding activity.
		Distribution of NADPH-Diaphorase reactivity and effects of nitric oxide on feeding and locomotory circuitry in the pteropod mollsuc, Clione limacina.
		Activation of startle motoneurons by a pair of cerebral interneurons in the pteropod mollusk Clione limacina.
	sols.asu.edu /faculty/rsatterlie.php (353 words)

	Abstract
		The pteropod mollusk, Clione limacina, continuously swims (upward) with wing-like appendages to maintain their position in the water column.
		Clione are anesthetized in a 1:1 mixture of isotonic magnesium chloride and sea water before beginning an experiment.
		Furthermore, discrepancies in diameter between the vesicles measured in the identified general excitor motoneuron and those previously characterized by Neal (1988) may be attributed to necessary differences in fixation protocol.
	lifesciences.asu.edu /ubep98/abstracts/abst42/abst42.html (1009 words)

	Yuri I
		Arshavsky Yu, I., G.N. Orlovsky, V. Panchin Yu, A. Roberts, and S.R. Soffe, Neuronal control of swimming locomotion: analysis of the pteropod mollusc Clione and embryos of the amphibian Xenopus.
		Arshavsky, Y.I., T.G. Deliagina, G.N. Gamkrelidze, G.N. Orlovsky, Y.V. Panchin, L.B. Popova, and O.V. Shupliakov, Pharmacologically induced elements of the hunting and feeding behavior in the pteropod mollusk Clione limacina.
		Arshavsky, Y.I., T.G. Deliagina, G.N. Gamkrelidze, G.N. Orlovsky, Y.V. Panchin, and L.B. Popova, Pharmacologically induced elements of the hunting and feeding behavior in the pteropod mollusk Clione limacina.
	inls.ucsd.edu /~yarshavsky (1162 words)

	CLIONIDAE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Clione antarctica Smith, 1902 (former synonym of Clione limacina australis
		Morton, J.E. : Observations on the gymnosomatous pteropod Clione limacina.
		Reproduction and development of Paedoclione doliiformis and a comparison with Clione limacina.
	www.yotor.org /wiki/en/cl/Clionidae.htm (438 words)

	KOZUMO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		When the hungry clione nears its prey, it undergoes a hideous and sudden transformation that is sure to leave you with a lasting impression.
		Actually, the clione’s size (imagine a small paperclip) made them kind of difficult to see, and they were contained in two waist-high tanks (for the kids), one on either side of a busy doorway.
		The clione swims by flapping its “wings” (parapodia), which are essentially modified versions of the feet of its gastropod cousins.
	www.kozumo.com /?m=200502 (973 words)

	Speaker - Clione Bieber
		As Organizer of the County Society, Clione has served as advisor of the Society and Editor of the Society's publication, Relatively Seeking, for the past twenty-three years.
		Clione has compiled the 125-year history of the Columbus First United Methodist Church as well as having compiled information for the driving tour for the Columbus Quincentennial Commission.
		Clione has also received the Award of Excellence in 1990-91 and 1997-98 and a Certificate of Appreciation 1989-90 from the Kansas Council of Genealogical Societies.
	www.gregathcompany.com /workshop/2003retreat/bieber.html (139 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Sea angel
		Clione limacina is a polar species; those found in warmer waters are far smaller.
		Some species of sea angel feed exclusively on sea butterflies; the angels have terminal mouths with the radula common to mollusks, and tentacles to grasp their prey, sometimes with suckers similar to cephalopods.
		Another large polar species of sea angel, Clione antarctica, defends itself from predators by synthesizing a previously unknown molecule, named pteroenone.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Sea_angel (366 words)

	GABAergic Excitatory Synapses and Electrical Coupling Sustain Prolonged Discharges in the Prey Capture Neural Network ...
		Litvinova NM, Orlovsky GN (1985) Feeding behavior of the pteropod mollusc Clione limacina.
		Norekian TP (1993) Cerebral neurons underlying prey capture movements in the pteropod mollusc, Clione limacina.
		Norekian TP, Satterlie RA (1993a) Cerebral neurons underlying prey capture movements in the pteropod mollusc, Clione limacina.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/19/5/1863 (5995 words)

	APStracts 2:0044N, 1995. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Clione can stabilize not only the vertical orientation with its head up, but also the posture with its head down.
		The postural reflexes are driven by input from the statocysts.
		Activity of the neuronal mechanisms controlling spatial orientation of Clione was studied in in vitro experiments, with the use of a preparation consisting of the CNS and statocysts.
	www.uth.tmc.edu /apstracts/1995/jn/April/44n.html (427 words)

	Control of locomotion in marine mollusk Clione limacina. VIII. Cerebropedal neurons.
		Serotonergic neurons were mapped in the CNS of Clione by immunohistochemical methods.
		The role of different groups of cerebropedal neurons is discussed in relation to different forms of Clione's behavior in which locomotor activity is involved.
		The pteropod mollusk Clione limacina swims by rhythmical oscillations of two wings, and its spatial orientation during locomotion is determined by tail movements.
	www.ihop-net.org /UniPub/iHOP/gp/301275.html (400 words)

	ASU Research E-Magazine: Confocal Microscopy
		The organism, known as Clione limacina, is an inch-long, almost transparent bag of seawater with devil’s horns and angel’s wings that beat continuously.
		A nasty little carnivore, Clione is a shell-less mollusc that lives at depths of up to 100 meters in cold northern waters of the Pacific Ocean.
		In Satterlie’s case, using the new technology meant finding a cell that was probably obscured by light from the cells in front of and behind it.
	researchmag.asu.edu /stories/confocal.html (475 words)

	Neuronal Mechanisms for the Control of Body Orientation in Clione I. Spatial Zones of Activity of Different Neuron ...
		deviations of Clione from the vertical orientation for the sagittal
		E, 1-3, and F, 1-3: motor responses elicited by activation of different groups of motor neurons when Clione is deviated from the normal position by lateral or sagittal sway (the normal orientation is shown in E1 and F1).
		Effects of activation of particular neuron groups on the configuration of the tail and on the intensity of wing beating are shown by gray lines and marked by arrows.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/82/2/687 (8255 words)

	Phase-Locked Coordination Between Two Rhythmically Active Feeding Structures in the Mollusk Clione limacina. I. Motor ...
		Clione is a highly specialized carnivore that feeds on only two species of shelled pteropod mollusks of the genus Limacina
		Co-activation of antagonistic motoneurons as a mechanism of high-speed hydraulic inflation of prey capture appendages in the pteropod mollusk Clione limacina.
		Oku Y, Tanaka I, and Ezure K. Activity of bulbar respiratory neurons during fictive coughing and swallowing in the decerebrate cat.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/87/6/2996 (4245 words)

	[No title]
		An advantage of Clione for such kind of studies is that it, being a gastropod mollusc with a "simpler" nervous system, exhibits rather complex behaviour, swimming in 3-dimentional space.
		Depending on the water temperature Clione takes the orientation head up (at lower water temperature) or head-down (at higher temperature) to move to a layer with a suitable temperature.
		An impression is that Clione "scans" a surrounding space to catch the prey.
	www.iitp.ru /iitp/lab12e.htm (2587 words)

	Mollusca (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Clione limacina, known commonly as a "sea butterfly," was one of the few completely pelagic adult gastropods we encountered in the plankton.
		Clione are relatively rare finds around Friday Harbor, though they are common to the north, in the Strait of Georgia.
		Clione also has an unusual reproductive appendage that can extend out from the body and wrap around its partner.
	depts.washington.edu /fhl/zoo432/plankton/plmollusca/Molluscs.html (263 words)

	Asymmetrical Effect of GABA on the Postural Orientation in Clione -- Deliagina et al. 84 (3): 1673 -- Journal of ...
		A third mode of postural activity in Clione is swimming along an inclined ascending trajectory.
		A dorsal view of Clione is superimposed on 1 of the trajectories in B.
		Pharmacologically-induced elements of the hunting and feeding behavior in the pteropod mollusk Clione limacina.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/84/3/1673 (2211 words)

	APStracts 6:0192N, 1999. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Opposite reactions were observed in the motoneurons responsible for the wing retraction.
		A presumed motor effect of these reactions is an increase of oscillations in the wing that is directed downwards, and turning of Clione towards the head-up orientation.
		(6) In conclusion, due to a novel method, activity of the neuronal network responsible for the postural control in Clione was characterized in the terms of gravitational responses in different neuron groups comprising the network.
	www.uth.tmc.edu /apstracts/1999/jn/April/192n.html (549 words)

	KOZUMO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Adult clione measure about 30 to 40 mm [about 1.5 inches] in length and have translucent bodies, making their organs visible to the outside world.
		The clione has a strong, muscular body, which can be divided into two parts — the head and the trunk.
		When the clione encounters a spiratella, it opens its mouth (its head appears to split open) and thrusts out six tentacles, called baccal cones (Photo 1).
	www.kozumo.com /?p=18 (718 words)

	Abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Synaptic Morphology of Wing Musculature in Clione limacina
		Clione can accelerate their swimming speed under different circumstances if needed.
		It is hoped that by filling general excitors with neurobiotin that the morphology of these cell types can be characterized.
	lifesciences.asu.edu /ubep98/abstracts/abst42/abst42BK.html (238 words)

	[No title]
		OBL,120,12416,36.25,4,2,68,3.5,0,0,4,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,3,0.25,0,0,p,-999,7,1.25,454,15,0,35,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,p,p,0,0,30,ice cream cone clione; jelly blob w/ dot; 23 decopods 0907,0095,226,-037,2,STD.
		OBL,120,10296,136,64,78,25,3,0,0,11,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,12,0.5,1,0.25,0,0,2,0.5,421,25,0,210,0,0,0,0,2,0.25,3,0.25,p,p,0,50,1,ice cream cone clione; nemerteans; shrimp larvae; larval Thys.; tomopterids are larval 0924,0097,200,-040,2,STD.
		OBL,120,10289,51.5,1,1,6,0.75,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,3,0,0,26,0.75,0,0,0,0,3,1.5,496,22.5,0,46,0,0,0,0,1,0.25,3,0.25,p,p,0,0,1,shrimp larvae; ice cream cone clione; large orange pteropod of unknown spp.; Thys.
	www.icess.ucsb.edu /lterdata/99jan/trawlgen/trawl.catch (358 words)

	Underwater Field Guide to Ross Island & McMurdo Sound, Antarctica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Clione antarctica is found throughout Antarctic and subantarctic waters and can be found northward to about 36 degrees in some areas
		Clione antarctica deposits a free-floating, gelatinous egg mass, with spawning taking place from November through January
		A hyperiid amphipod Hyperiella dilatata grabs Clione antarctica from the water and holds it to itself as a chemical defense against predation
	scilib.ucsd.edu /sio/nsf/fguide/mollusca5.html (298 words)

	Diving Under Antarctic Ice
		Clione antarctica is commonly found in McMurdo Sound near the undersurface of the sea ice and is sparse in water deeper than twenty meters
		Clione antarctica preys on a planktonic shelled pteropod mollusc Limacina helicina
		Clione antarctica is also part of a unique relationship with the hyperiid amphipod Hyperiella dilatata; this amphipod holds onto Clione antarctica, using it to chemically defend itself from predators
	scilib.ucsd.edu /sio/nsf/gallery/gallery9.html (636 words)

	The Sea Slug Forum - Clione limacina
		It is identified as Clione antarctica according to the list by Nobert Wu etc. However, someone says it is same species as C.
		Certainly the more traditional view of Clione is that there is one bipolar species.
		Gilmer & Lalli (1990) studied the anatomy of animals from both populations and from their anatomical studies, concluded that there were sufficient differences to justify considering the southern hemisphere population to be a distinct species, Clione antarctica (Smith, 1902).
	www.seaslugforum.net /display.cfm?id=9796 (399 words)

	The Sea Slug Forum - Clione limacina
		I'm a neurophysiologist at UCLA [California]and am doing a project comparing neuromuscular control of locomotion between similar species of Clione.
		Clione antarctica, by comparison, is simple at McMurdo Station [Antarctica].
		If you have any background information on these fascinating animals and their locomotion [or photos] it would be a welcome addition to the Forum
	www.seaslugforum.net /display.cfm?id=4335 (172 words)

	Definition of Clione from dictionary.net
		we found 1 entry for the meaning of clione
		Clione papilonacea), abundant in the Arctic Ocean, constitutes a part of the food of the Greenland whale.
		Define clione and 150,000 other words at dictionary.net
	www.dictionary.net /clione (34 words)

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