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Topic: Clipping (phonetics)

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	Clipping - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Clipping (phonetics), shortening the articulation of a speech sound, usually a vowel
		Clipping (lexicography), the formation of a new word by shortening it, e.g.
		Clipping (medicine), in the treat of an aneurysm
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Clipping (182 words)

	Phonetics
		In phonetics, clipping is the process of shortening the articulation of a phonetic segment, usually a vowel.
		In phonetics, a dorso-velar consonant is one in which the airstream through the mouth is blocked or constricted between the upper surface of the tongue (the dorsum) and the back of the hard palate (the velum).
		In phonetics, downstep is a phonemic or phonetic downward shift of tone between the syllables or words of a tonal language.
	www.shortopedia.com /P/H/Phonetics (1258 words)

	Text-to-speech and Speech Synthesis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Even infinitely peak clipped speech, in which all values are either plus or minus a selected amplitude value and thus in which only zero crossing information is retained, maintained a 50% word intelligibility (90% sentence intelligibility) in silence.
		Because of the low energy level of most consonants, moderate degrees of clipping would not have as great an effect on consonants as vowels, but with infinite clipping, which was not included in the Williams and Hecker tests, all phonetic classes would be equally affected.
		Ainsworth (1967) examined the effect of different types of clipping on the intelligibility of different phonetic groups and found that infinite clipping caused the fewest confusions for vowels and the greatest number of confusions for fricatives.
	www.shlrc.mq.edu.au /speech/synthesis/synth_assessment/intelqual.html (10358 words)

	SM 5 BSZ - Voicelab. Simulate speech processing at HF or audio.
		The only effect of RF clipping to a sine-wave is to reduce the amplitude to make it fit the power limitations of the power amplifier.
		The most important observation is that harder clipping does not improve readability for the simple reason that it does not increase the average power.
		Very hard clipping just produces a lot of distortion outside the passband and when the bandwidth is restored with an SSB filter, the peak to average power ratio is not better than it would be at normal clipping levels.
	www.nitehawk.com /sm5bsz/linuxdsp/tx/voicelab.htm (2809 words)

	LSU Subject Guide, LSU Libraries Special Collections
		Collection consists of newspaper clippings and printed items pertaining to the construction and dedication of the new LSU campus in south Baton Rouge (1926); the Louisiana Constitutional Convention (1921); and Baton Rouge scenes.
		Personal financial records, scrapbooks, newspaper clippings of current events, especially pertaining to the opening of the state capital and LSU campus life in the early 1900s.
		Newspaper clippings from the JACKSON INDEPENDENT (Jonesboro, Louisiana) of a prepared series of articles by local residents on the history of the parish, early settlers, and the Baptist Church.
	www.lib.lsu.edu /special/guides/lstate.html (12975 words)

	Phonetics and Phonology
		At the grammatical level an article (a/an, the) may be left out of the utterance when the student suspects an article is necessary and yet chooses to avoid using one rather than running the risk of selecting the wrong one.
		I disagree with this generalisation and maintain that the length contrast of /iː/ versus /ɪ/ being phonemic in English and phonetic in Korean causes a negative transfer effect which is compounded rather than assisted by a NNS to NNS interaction.
		The majority of phonetic realisations in the L1, which are transferred to the L2, do not interfere with intelligibility and are merely perceived as characteristics of a foreign accent.
	www.ling.mq.edu.au /~rmannell/phonetics/phonology/interlanguage/pronerrors.html (2999 words)

	The Rice University Neologisms Database - Browsing the letter E
		Emo was clipped from emotional and its meaning was narrowed to describe a specific type of music.
		The phonetic similarity between the “gel” in “evangelical” and the “jel” in “jellyfish” was probably key in the forming of the blend.
		This is parallels the word formation process of clipping, where a portion of a word is devised to stand for the whole.
	esa4.rice.edu /~ling215/browse.php?l=e (12008 words)

	Reviews for Shorthand Phonetics - SoundClick Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		My embryonic thoughts about this particular Indonesian band, Shorthand Phonetics, were along the lines of — great, another herd of young teenaged boys trying to musically portray themselves as a group with some talent and ability to impress (although they did state in their own words that they are ‘not talented’ — lets see eh?).
		Shorthand Phonetics This One Goes Out To The Sweet & Naïve Lo-fi, teenage, alternative Indonesian-based noise poppers Shorthand Phonetics have impressed me to an extent over the past year with their energy and songwriting ability, although what has often let me down is the vocal performance.
		Shorthand Phonetics have the potential to be up there towards the ‘musical genius’ part of the scale, but it will take time and a lot of hard work.
	www.soundclick.com /bands/reviews.cfm?bandid=185825 (5169 words)

	clip (1) definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta
		clip (1) definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta
		transitive verb phonetics truncate speech sound: to shorten a speech sound
		Food prices shot up at their fastest clip in years.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /dictionary_1861597863/clip.html (252 words)

	APCO-MS.org - Public Safety Dictionary
		clipping - pressing a radio's transmit button too late or releasing it too early, resulting in loss of parts of a transmission.
		For example, APCO in NATO phonetics is given as "Alpha, Papa, Charlie, Oscar".
		APCO in police-style phonetics would be "Adam, Paul, Charles, Ocean".
	apco-ms.org /articles/dictionary.php (2236 words)

	LING 520: Introduction to Phonetics: Lab 6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Clipping in the recording happens when the sound is too loud for any of the components in the recording setup: mic, mic pre-amp, sound board, or if any of the volume controls is set too high.
		Describe the spectrogram of the clipped signals and explain why they look that way.
		Find a language other than English that you are interested in working on.
	www.ling.upenn.edu /courses/Fall_2005/ling520/labs/lab6/lab6.html (353 words)

	ISSUE NUMBER 79
		The clipping threshold is the same as the peak limiting threshold in each polarity, so it can take advantage of the full modulation capability of the transmitter.
		Waveforms with high peak to average ratios are amplified and clipped harder, while waveforms which already have low peak to average ratios are not clipped as heavily.
		High frequency distortion components resulting from the clipping are attenuated before being introduced into the audio path, so low pass filtering of the resulting audio is not required.
	www.amfone.net /AMPX/issue_number_79.htm (4872 words)

	[No title]
		Phonetics deals with the sounds of a language, in a physical sense.
		We will study phonetics using an articulatory view, which looks at how sounds are produced by our body organs, as opposed to an acoustic approach, which describes the way the sound waves actually look.
		The International Phonetic Alphabet or IPA (see figures) is used by linguists to represent the sounds in the languages of the world.
	homepage.mac.com /hempelma/engl227/ulsiv2.html (7637 words)

	Halfbakery: Max Audio Cleanup
		It can be easily be achieved thru digital processing, so that when you put your speaker-phone to full volume, it will actually sound good, and still be useful against the surrounding noise.
		The algorithm should be one that maximizes the energy but keeps the phonetics.
		So sounds like S and V will be simply magnified, but sounds like M and R would have to be modified so that you still percieve the original phoneme but never have the sound clipped.
	www.halfbakery.com /idea/Max_20Audio_20Cleanup (156 words)

	Course Descriptions - The University of Iowa
		We start with Phonetics and Phonology, the study of the sound system, which in addition to the inventory of sounds also includes larger constituents such as syllables and metrical feet.
		Its main purpose is to help students improve their Spanish pronunciation through the description of the sound structure of the language and plenty of oral exercises to practice those structures.
		This aspect of linguistic study is the domain of Phonetics and Phonology.
	www.uiowa.edu /~spanport/personal/Pineros/crsDescr.htm (1285 words)

	The Rice University Neologisms Database - Browsing the letter A
		Acabowl is a blending and clipping of "Academic Bowl," a football game played annually in the courtyard at Wiess College during the 1960's, in which reportedly only "academs" had time to take part (from the old Team Wiess Website’s glossary at http://www.rice.edu/projects/colleges/wiess/college/gloss.html).
		Another college subject area that is clipped; many college subjects and areas of study are clipped as part of student slang.
		Phonetics explain this difficulty, the voiceless alveopalatal affricate is difficult to transition directly to a voiced labial nasal.The word concisely describes a section of trekking that has previously required several words to describe.
	esa4.rice.edu /~ling215/browse.php?l=a (14899 words)

	The Moment of Silence Review: Just Adventure - Reviews Walkthroughs and AdventureNews! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Boasting technology that allows for realistic facial expressions, dynamic dialogue exchanges and real-time lip-synching based on phonetics, I have to admit on loading it up and starting I was more than a little disappointed.
		Although the presentation is a little slack, with Peter occasionally running into the scenery, clipping through trees and various attention-diverting bugs, a lot of the backgrounds are nicely rendered and depict reasonably realistic locations.
		Thankfully, there are no Sherlock style stealth or action sequences required, with urgency left to the occasional movie clips, yet despite this on occasion some parts do contain the occasional pixel-hunt...
	www.justadventure.com /reviews/MOS/MOS.shtm (1271 words)

	Untitled Document
		If you remember your phonetic features for vowels, you'll recall that [o] is a mid vowel and [u] is a high vowel.
		The effects of the change are found in modern English words like "calf", "ask", and "path", all of which have and [ae] vowel now but which used to be pronounced with an [a].
		Here, the term phonetic means that the sound change did not cause a change in the set of phonemes in the language.
	www.unc.edu /~gerfen/Ling30Sp2002/historical2.html (6567 words)

	Semantic Compositions: Hi-fi, hi-ho, to the Apple Store we go (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		It sounded like the amplifier was beginning to clip (generally defined as 1% total harmonic distortion), despite Apple's claims of a "maximum sound level" of 108 dB when running the device off of AC power.
		As for the speakers themselves, SC would guess that if you actually drove them to 108 dB, you'd be facing 20-30% distortion from them at the ~60 Hz bottom end, and about 5-10% wideband (also typical of the category), and would probably back off the volume pretty quickly.
		SC doubts that more than 5 watts are going to those speakers before clipping sets in, and also doubts that Apple has produced breakthrough drivers with 100 dB sensitivity, which would have to be the case in order to manage that peak SPL with less than horrendous distortion.
	semanticcompositions.typepad.com /index/2006/03/hifi_hiho_to_th.html (1934 words)

	INDEX (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		At present, he is a Senior Lecturer teaching phonetics (articulatory and acoustic), statistical analysis and practical English courses at the Departments of English, Applied Linguistics and Logopaedics.
		Gonet, W. (1987) Application of the analysis of variance in phonetic studies (paper presented at an annual meeting of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jabłonna.
		Gonet, W. (1998-1999) Formal and substantial argumentation in phonetic studies (a Series of lectures presented at the meetings of the Department of Language, UMCS.
	klio.umcs.lublin.pl /users/gonet (1319 words)

	UCL Phonetics & Linguistics
		ASA Vancouver 2005: Learning to talk: a non-imitative account of the replication of phonetics by child learners.
		Tense and lax vowel classes, pre-fortis clipping, ‘stress-timing' and long/short/no lag voiceless plosives are systematic features of English pronunciation, and most people believe that a child replicates them by imitation.
		If so, he has been paying attention to some phonetic detail in adult speech that is not very significant linguistically, and has then made the effort to reproduce it.
	www.phon.ucl.ac.uk /dept/resstudent.html (457 words)

	Neologisms
		Because the World Trade Center had been bombed before, the happenings on that date could not be called the 'World Trade Center bombing.' Therefore, the events were referred to by their date, 'September 11th.' This was further clipped to nine-eleven, the spoken form of 9/11 in print.
		an annoying newcomer to a forum that disobeys rules ('newbs are becoming n00bs') [new clipping; formed from 'newbie']
		A collection of all possible combinations of sounds of a language that could, according to that language's phonology, be meaningful words.
	www.ruf.rice.edu /~kemmer/Words04/neologisms/n.html (4235 words)

	SIMthesizer
		It was a waveform generator/modifier that combined multiple synthesis technologies, including: analog, digital, wavetable, additive, subtractive, granular, frequency modulation, phase modulation, wave shaping, phonetic speech, Ghunöga, Re-Haus and more.
		Should there be any potential for clipping to occur at any point in the sound generation process, the Element icon, where clipping would occur, was highlighted and the sound designer could examine the waveform and consider modifications.
		Because SIMthesizer generated sounds in a higher resolution than the output waveform, clipping would not actually occur; but warnings would be generated to show elements where clipping could exist in the output waveform file.
	www.youngmonkey.ca /background/museum/software/SIMthesizer.html (592 words)

	Normalize level - Hydrogenaudio Forums
		this is mainly to prevent clipping on a broad range of music.
		And last, should I use the clipping prevention (because one of the aim of the originary projet was to research phonetics aspects and I need to preserve the sound as clear as possible)?
		You should use clipping prevention, otherwise you may introduce distortion.
	www.hydrogenaudio.org /forums/index.php?showtopic=28481 (347 words)

	News Release: SAIC Announces First Phonetically Searchable Rich Media Library Solution, 11-29-2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		(MCLEAN, VA) – Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) today announced that the first phonetically searchable rich media library solution is now available to users who have been challenged with searching, editing and republishing volumes of video and audio due to the limitations of speech-to-text technologies.
		Fast-Talk's patent-pending technology is based on the identification of phonemes to retrieve any word, proper name or phrase with up to 98 percent accuracy.
		Due to such uncertainties and risks, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof.
	www.saic.com /news/nov01/news11-29-01.html (716 words)

	Ancestry.com - Ancestry Daily News, 10 December 2003
		The phonetics of the surname will affect how it is written in the records; some sounds can be spelled in more than one way.
		Much to the chagrin of family historians, these phonetics and legibility issues can interact and create some unusual spelling variants.
		Having an approximate idea of when the ancestor immigrated is very helpful and sometimes a must if the name is relatively common.
	www.ancestry.netscape.com /learn/library/article.aspx?article=7918 (2124 words)

	Speech & Hearing - Frequently Asked Questions 1-6
		If the record level is too low, then the signal-to-noise ratio will be poor - and your recording will be drowned out by noises coming from the electronics and the tape.
		If the record level is too high, then the peaks of your recording will be clipped and the signal will sound harsh.
		Most recorders have a record level meter that is often labelled in 'VU' or volume units.
	www.speechandhearing.net /faq/faq1-6.htm (728 words)

	PLINP201 Phonology of English 2005-6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		course within the BA Linguistics (with lectures also attended by students of the MA Phonetics and MA Modern English Language) examines patterns underlying the surface detail of English phonetics.
		We shall discuss rival approaches to phonology, as applied to English, and study selected rules of English phonology.
		t is assumed that all participants are familiar with the elements of phonetic theory, terminology and notation, and have done an introductory course on English phonetics.
	www.phon.ucl.ac.uk /home/wells/p201info.htm (299 words)

	what can i do to sound californian? \| Antimoon Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		I'm an ESL student and I'm studying English phonetics to improve my pronunciation.
		So for many speakers /o/ and /e/ can be either diphthongal or monophthongal depending on their positions in words.
		I thought it might have something to do with pre-fortis clipping (where late has a shorter /e/ compared to laid)
	www.antimoon.com /forum/t361-0.htm (1236 words)

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