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Topic: Clitic doubling

	Spain encyclopedia : Cultural Information , Maps, Spain politics and officials, Spain History. Travel to Spain
		Orthographic conventions treat clitics in different ways: Some are written as separate words, some are written as one word with their hosts, and some are attached to their hosts, but set off by punctuation (hyphen, apostrophe).
		A final type of clitic, the endoclitic, splits apart the root and is inserted between the two pieces.
		Although the term "clitic" can be used descriptively to refer to any element whose grammatical status is somewhere in between a typical word and a typical affix, linguists have proposed various definitions of "clitic" as a technical term.
	www.spainiworld.com /wiki-Clitic (1057 words)

	Albanian Forum Language Dialects History Grammar Vocabulary Phrases Albania Albanian Overview
		In the present and imperfect the medio-passive is characterized by the morpheme -he- and special subject suffixes in the singular; in the perfective past, by the clitic u and a zero-form in the third-person-singular (compare the active).
		For indefinite direct objects there is zero case inflection which is not distinct from the subject (see the above paradigms), and clitic pronoun doubling is not obligatory for indefinite direct objects either; but even then word order and subject indexing differentiate the subject and the object, e.g.
		The adjective is in most cases preceded by a clitic particle here referred to as a "ligature", one of the most salient features of Albianian grammar: një vajzë e mirë 'a good girl'.
	www.albanianoverview.com /grammar.htm (1378 words)

	Leísta Spanish and the Syntax of Clitic Doubling
		This dissertation introduces clitic doubling data from Leísta Spanish (a dialect spoken in the North of Spain).
		In this dialect, the dative form clitic is used as a direct object clitic when the referent (or associated overt or covert NP) is animate (sometimes also restricted to masculine).
		In both clitic doubling and possessor raising, a DP-internal constituent raises to be in a spec-head relationship with a dative clitic.
	repository.upenn.edu /ircs_reports/33 (457 words)

	Clitic doubling Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Clitic doubling, or pronominal reduplication, in linguistics, is a phenomenon by which clitic pronouns appear in verb phrases together with the full noun phrases that they refer to (as opposed to the cases where such pronouns and full noun phrases are in complementary distribution).
		Clitic doubling is found in many languages, including Albanian, Macedonian, Bulgarian, Greek, Persian, Romanian, Somali, and Spanish; in each case, it follows different rules.
		In the standard Macedonian language, clitic doubling is obligatory with definite direct and indirect objects, which contrasts with standard Bulgarian where clitic doubling is optional.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /topic/Clitic_doubling.html (428 words)

	Clitic Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In linguistics, a clitic is an element that has some of the properties of an independent word and some more typical of a bound morpheme.
		Orthographic conventions treat clitics in different ways: Some are written as separate words, some are written as one word with their hosts, and some are attached to their hosts, but set off by punctuation (a hyphen or an apostrophe, for example).
		Although the term "clitic" can be used descriptively to refer to any element whose grammatical status is somewhere in between a typical word and a typical affix, linguists have proposed various definitions of "clitic" as a technical term.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Clitic (1269 words)

	Clitic doubling
		Clitic doubling, or pronominal reduplication, in linguistics, is; a phenomenon by which clitic pronouns appear in verb phrases together with the full noun phrases that they refer to (as opposed to the cases where such pronouns and full noun phrases are in complementary distribution).
		Clitic doubling is found in many languages, including Albanian, Macedonian, Bulgarian, Greek, Persian, Romanian, Somali, and Spanish; in each case, it follows different rules.
		In the standard Macedonian language, clitic doubling is obligatory with definite direct and indirect objects, which contrasts with standard Bulgarian where clitic doubling is optional.
	www.zdnet.co.za /c/l/i/Clitic_doubling.html (278 words)

	Top Literature - Clitic
		Orthographic conventions treat clitics in different ways: Some are written as separate words, some are written as one word with their hosts, and some are attached to their hosts, but set off by punctuation (a hyphen or an apostrophe, for example).
		A final type of clitic, the endoclitic, splits apart the root and is inserted between the two pieces.
		Although the term "clitic" can be used descriptively to refer to any element whose grammatical status is somewhere in between a typical word and a typical affix, linguists have proposed various definitions of "clitic" as a technical term.
	encyclopedia.topliterature.com /?title=Clitic (1063 words)

	Talk:Bulgarian language - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		I'm the editor of the article on clitic doubling, but unfortunately I only know about it as it works Spanish.
		Clitic doubling is, roughly, when you mention e.
		the object of a verb, and you also use a pronoun that refers to it: "I gave her a present to my mother." It'd be nice to mention clitic doubling in the Bulgarian language article, too.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Talk:Bulgarian_language (2804 words)

	RomClitics - Deep Linguistic Processing with HPSG (DELPH-IN)
		Preverbal clitics are separated from verb and each other by a space or apostrophe; Postverbal clitics are separated from verb and each other by a hyphen or apostrophe.
		Clitic climbing is found systematically in compound past tenses (auxiliaries être and avoir) and under some conditions with causative faire and laisser.
		Clitic climbing is analyzed using Abeillé, Godard, and Sag's argument raising analysis: temporal and causative auxiliaries systematically inherit all complements of the participle/infinitive (which is not allowed to project a VP).
	wiki.delph-in.net /moin/RomClitics (417 words)

	Clitic
		In linguistics, a clitic is a word that syntactically functions as a free morpheme, but phonetically appears as a bound morpheme, as it is always pronounced with the preceding or following word.
		A clitic and the word to which it attaches (called its host) are pronounced as a single unit, and this unit adheres to the grammatical rules of the language in which it is found.
		It is important to note that a clitic is not an affix.
	www.dejavu.org /cgi-bin/get.cgi?ver=93&url=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.gourt.com%2F%3Farticle%3Denclitic%26type%3Den (669 words)

	Linguist List - Reviews Available for the Book
		The clitics are generated in the same position as the nominals and then they are moved to the left, because they are specified for Case and their original position violates Obligatory Contour Principle (OCP).
		The explanation is as flows: clitic with two Cases ('le') is in pole position (closer to the verb), hence it absorbs both Cases of the verb and thus the second clitic is not licensed.
		Clitic climbing should block a subject-oriented anaphor within the infinitive from being bound by a matrix object, even though it is interpreted as the subject of the infinitive.
	www.linguistlist.org /pubs/reviews/get-review.cfm?SubID=62254&RequestTimeout=500 (3269 words)

	John Benjamins:
		This paper explores the conjecture that clitic doubling in languages like Spanish shares some fundamental aspects of the semantics of inalienable possession, especially if understood in terms of a syntax of the kind originally advocated by Szabolcsi (1983).
		In the process, the semantic nature of clitic doubling is shifted from the domain of the obscure or pleonastic to that of integral relations.
		In: Gerlach, Birgit and Janet Grijzenhout (eds.), Clitics in Phonology, Morphology and Syntax.
	www.benjamins.com /cgi-bin/t_articles.cgi?bookid=LA%2036&artid=9014004 (122 words)

	[No title]
		Auger, J. Pronominal Clitics in Québec Colloquial French: A Morphological Analysis.
		Pickett, V. "Clitics: to Be or Not to Be Words".
		The Syntax of Pronominal Clitics: Syntax and Semantics, H. Borer (dir.).
	www.ualberta.ca /~tnadasdi/clitics.htm (930 words)

	Conditions on null objects in Basque Spanish and their relation to `leismo' and clitic-doubling
		Their syntactic distribution and coreference relations reveal that null objects are pros that behave similarly to the pro categories licensed by overt object clitics.
		This insight is developed under the light of the Agreement Hypothesis and it is claimed that, for inanimate entities, the object drop parameter is instantiated by default null clitic agreement morphology, whereas the remaining third person object-verb agreement is done via the LE-forms.
		Chapter four analyzes the conditions on leismo and clitic doubling and subsequently subsumes the proposals given for the three phenomena under a single unifying analysis, i.e.
	www.usc.edu /dept/gsil/landa.html (355 words)

	[No title]
		This is reflected in the orthography by the use of the acute accent in the former.
		Clitic climbing: O doutor estava de costas, não me podia ver (BrazSS 104:6 cited in Davies, 1997)) Vamos a necrotério, que eu lhes quero mostrar uma coisa (BrazSS 38:13 cited in Davies, 1997) Davies (1997) statistical study showed that clitic climbing was in decline, especially in spoken BP.
		Cliticization is a case of Move F to avoid crashing at PF.
	www.geocities.com /ananda_ling/BPClitics.doc (1838 words)

	hpsg-l mailing list: Clitic Doubling, etc.
		Clitic Doubling (CD) A problem we had with the question is that it is not clear to us what clitic doubling exactly means (in terms of distribution) so we have identified at least 4 variants.
		For a language without clitic doubling, the morphological realization of these verbs cares about this realization type: the function we call F-praf applies only to cl-wd and attaches the right pronominal affixes (in the desired order) to the verbal root.
		In French the resumptive pronoun does not have to be a clitic; and the LD construction does not obey island constraints (which are obeyed by other types of extraction): Jean, je le connais.
	hpsg.stanford.edu /hpsg-l/1997/0205.html (787 words)

	Clitic at AllExperts
		A clitic and the word to which it attaches (called its host) are pronounced as a single unit, and this unit adheres to the grammatical rules of the language in which it is found.
		A clitic is never stressed, although its host might be.
		It is important to note that a clitic is not an affix.
	en.allexperts.com /e/c/cl/clitic.htm (682 words)

	Blaski.com - The Search Portal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		[PDF] Pronominal doubling in Greek: a head-complement relation Dimitra...
		Doubling in Modern Greek: a Head- Complement Relation
		Moreover, pronominal clitics in Greek are not in complementary distribution with...
	www.blaski.com /blaski.php?q=%5BPDF%5D+Pronominal+doubling+in+Greek%3A+a+head-complement+relation+Dimitra+... (56 words)

	[No title]
		Clitic doubling with object complement clauses, as in (i) and (ii), is seldom analyzed in the light of more general proposals about doubling with DPs.
		Though there are interesting differences between doubled and non-doubled complement clauses, mostly related to presuppositionality and certainly related to the consequences of clitic doubling of DPs, such effects cannot be described in terms of specificity, thus falling out of the scope of featural accounts.
		Parodi, T. (2003): “Clitic Doubling and Clitic-Left Dislocation in Spanish and Greek as Native and as L2 Grammars”, in K. von Heusinger and G. Kaiser (eds.): Proceedings of the Workshop ‘Semantic and Syntactic Aspects of Specificity in Romance Languages, Arbeitspapier Nr.
	www.ilg.uni-stuttgart.de /Nereus/events/06NereusIII/abstracts/Leonetti-abstract.doc (997 words)

	THE ACQUISITION OF CLITIC DOUBLING AND LEFT DISLOCATION IN SPANISH1 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Fox, Grodzinsky and Crain propose that passives in English and clitic doubling in Spanish are the same construction; these authors suggest that the delay on the acquisition of passives is based on the lack of clitic doubling; therefore, they predict the delay of this clitic doubling in the early ages.
		The base generation hypothesis (Rivas, 1977; Jaeggli, 1982, 1986; Borer, 1984) proposes that the clitic is base generated to the left of the verb, and the movement hypothesis (Kayne, 1975, 1991) proposes that clitics are base generated in the canonical object position and move to the position of the verb by incorporation.
		Whether or not clitic doubling is obligatory depends on the status and the case of the doubled object.
	www.kcn.ru /tat_en/science/fccl/papers/gp006.htm (4483 words)

	John Benjamins: Book details for Clitic Phenomena in European Languages [LA 30]
		This book is concerned with a number of central issues in the theory of clitics, a topic that has become much debated in recent years.
		The question as to whether clitics are to be located in the syntax or in the phonology or in both is addressed in articles by Boškovič, Progovac and Franks, who also provides a thorough introductory essay to the volume.
		There are detailed studies on clitic behavior in Greek relative clauses (Alexiadou and Anagnostopolou), Bulgarian and English DPs (Dimitrova-Vulchanova), the various Romance languages (Franco), Slovene (Golden and Milojevič Sheppard), Albanian and Greek (Kallulli) and Macedonian (Tomič).
	www.benjamins.nl /cgi-bin/t_bookview.cgi?bookid=LA%2030 (255 words)

	DGfS-Mitteilungen 47 1998 - AG 10 Pronominale Argumente: Morphologie und Syntax
		It was suggested that clitic doubling is the counterpart of scrambling, and that maybe Baker's polysynthetic type languages might be analyzable as `generalized doubling languages'.
		In the framework of minimalist morphology she analyzed the conditions of clitic doubling for the direct object clitic and the indirect object clitic.
		Restrictions were shown to apply such as that dative clitics always appear before accusative clitics, 1st and 2nd person clitics cannot be combined, and 3rd person follows 1st or 2nd person clitics.
	www.dgfs.de /dgfs-archiv/DGfS-Mitteilungen/MIT47WW/MIT47WW-AG-22.html (1024 words)

	Clitic doubling - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Clitic doubling - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		This encyclopedia, history, geography and biography article about Clitic doubling contains research on
		Clitic doubling, Clitic doubling in Spanish, Notes and Grammar.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Clitic_doubling (303 words)

	On the morphology of no in Spanish
		The ordering of clitics and inflectional affixes within a word is not subject to any stylistic whim, either, but is quite rigid.
		We know that Spanish is a language that allows for a wide range of doubling phenomena between a clitic and its referent: among datives this possibility is almost unlimited; in certain dialects and under certain conditions, it is also permissible in accusatives.
		If our no is truly a clitic, it is not unreasonable to postulate that the post-verbal negative doubles that clitic in the same way an NP may double a dative.
	www.tulane.edu /~ling/LSoRB/Abs/Pool.html (473 words)

	SRCLD - Presentation Detail
		Spanish monolingual and bilingual speakers with specific language impairment (SLI) have shown deficits in clitic production in spontaneous language and elicited tasks However, it is unknown whether these difficulties relate to general problems of clitic knowledge or deficits with coordination of specific grammatical and pragmatic constraints.
		Clitic doubling (CD) and clitic climbing (CC) are two clitic-verb constructions that demand increased grammatical and pragmatic proficiency.
		The observed problems with clitics could not be attributed to insufficient knowledge of the clitic system but to a limited capacity to coordinate grammatical and pragmatic constraints in complex contexts.
	www.srcld.org /Archive/PresentationDetail.aspx?SUBID=1801 (205 words)

	John Benjamins: Book details for Clitics between Syntax and Lexicon [LA 51]
		As a typical interface phenomenon, clitics have become increasingly important in linguistic theory during the last decade.
		She also discusses recent Optimality-theoretical analyses of clitic combinations and clitic placement and shows how these analyses can be improved upon when we also consider a morphological treatment of clitics.
		This book provides innovative solutions to clitic phenomena within the framework of a constraint-based morphological theory and will be of interest not only to morphologists, syntacticians and those working on the grammar of Romance languages, but also to linguists who are interested in the organisation of the grammar and the lexicon.
	www.benjamins.nl /cgi-bin/t_bookview.cgi?bookid=LA%2051 (246 words)

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