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Topic: Clitoridotomy

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	SingaporeMoms - Parenting Encyclopedia - Female circumcision
		Type I, "clitoridotomy" (also called "hoodectomy" as a slang term), or sunna circumcision, after one of the Islamic traditions, involves the removal or splitting of the clitoral hood.
		Through the 1950s, some doctors continued to advocate clitoridotomy for hygienic reasons or to reduce masturbation, even as other procedures were increasingly believed to be a violation of genital integrity, and as such, a form of genital mutilation.
		A small minority of doctors has since advocated clitoridotomy of adults to increase sexual sensitivity, so as to increase sexual pleasure, rather than to decrease masturbation frequency, e.g., where the clitoral hood is so large as to make stimulation of the clitoris difficult.
	www.singaporemoms.com /parenting/FGM (4055 words)

	Female circumcision - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Type I, "clitoridotomy" (also called "hoodectomy" as a slang term), or sunna circumcision, after one of the Islamic traditions, involves the removal or splitting of the clitoral hood.
		Through the 1950s, some doctors continued to advocate clitoridotomy for hygienic reasons or to reduce masturbation, even as other procedures were increasingly believed to be a violation of genital integrity, and as such, a form of genital mutilation.
		A small minority of doctors has since advocated clitoridotomy of adults to increase sexual sensitivity, so as to increase sexual pleasure, rather than to decrease masturbation frequency, e.g., where the clitoral hood is so large as to make stimulation of the clitoris difficult.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/FGM (4503 words)

	Medical Complications
		Clitoridotomy: involves the removal or splitting of the clitoral hood.
		It is a more extensive procedure than clitoridotomy, and can sometimes includes the removal of the labia minora.
		Infibulation: this procedure replaces the vulva with a wall of flesh from the pubis to the anus, except for a pencil-size opening at the inferior portion of the vulva to allow urine and menstrual blood to pass through.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /~ehtoddch/politics/medical.html (0 words)

	Female Genital Cutting Encyclopedia Article @ Unsatisfactory.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		"Clitoridotomy" (which is also called "hoodectomy" as a slang term) involves the removal or splitting of the clitoral hood.
		From the late 19th century until the 1950s, clitoridotomy and other more invasive procedures, including excision of the clitoris and infibulation were practiced in Western countries to control female sexuality, and were advocated in the United States by groups like the Orificial Surgery Society until 1925.
		advocate clitoridotomy of adults, promoting it as a way of increasing sexual sensitivity and sexual pleasure.
	www.unsatisfactory.net /encyclopedia/Female_genital_cutting (6569 words)

	Female circumcision
		The practice is viewed with revulsion within Western Civilization, particularly the United States and Western Europe, where it is referred to as Female Genital Mutilation (FGM).
		Female circumcision should not be confused with the more benign clitoridotomy (or hoodectomy), in which a non-retracting or overgrown clitoral hood (prepuce) is split or removed.
		Though this procedure is controversial, it is nevertheless an elective surgery designed to increase sexual sensitivity rather than reduce it.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/fe/Female_circumcision.html (1321 words)

	Female genital cutting - TvWiki, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		"Clitoridotomy" (which is also called "hoodectomy" as a slang term) involves the removal or splitting of the clitoral hood.
		Sunna circumcision (named after the Arabic word for anything approved by Islamic law and centred in Islamic tradition: in fact, there is no genuine approval for this, and some Muslim clergy oppose all forms of FGC) may or may not involve the removal of part of the clitoris as well as the prepuce [2].
		According to Paige, doctors advocating or performing these procedures claimed that girls of all ages would otherwise engage in more masturbation and be "polluted" by the activity, which was referred to as "self-abuse" [3].
	www.tvwiki.tv /wiki/FGM (0 words)

	Www Clitoral Com -- Recommendations and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		We should not discourage the use of the term female circumcision for clitoridotomy by putting it in scare quotes.
		: At the turn of the century, some doctors advocated clitoridotomy as a means to reduce masturbation in pre-pubescent females, by removing the means for irritations or infections to stimulate the clitoris.
		Please read http://www.noharmm.org/paige.htm The Ritual of Circumcision by Karen Paige, which sheds some light on the history of masturbation control in the US, which goes far beyond "reducing masturbation in pre-pubescent females", or "removing the means for irritations or infections to stimulate the clitoris".
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/181/www-clitoral-com.html (674 words)

	Women's Bodies - The Women's Health Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Clitoridotomy is the most common concern for Muslim women although the other more radical forms of circumcision occur among culturally Sub-Saharan African Muslims.
		The clitoridotomy is not only still practiced, but is also still encouraged by some Muslim scholars.
		The clitoridotomy, hoodectomy, or Sunna circumcision involves the removal or the splitting of the clitoral hood also called the prepuce.
	progressiveislam.org /women/index.php?title=Women's_Bodies#Female_Ci... (1858 words)

	Dean's World - "Challenge to All Female Bloggers (& Female Blog Commenters)"
		I think it's clear that the definition of clitoridotomy may not be clear.
		Clitoridotomy - incision into the clitoris, from the Greek clitor- and -tomy (meaning incision, cut into).
		The irony is that clitoridotomy, the "mildest" form of female circumcision, can actually increase sexual arousal by exposing the glans.
	www.deanesmay.com /posts/1144139447.comments.shtml (0 words)

	Re: 13 year old forced to have circumcision (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		All the different kinds of female circumcision have been grouped together when in actuality, they are very different.
		A Type I female circumcision, known as clitoridotomy, is the removal of the clitoral hood.
		But clitoridotomy is no worse than male circumcision.
	www.afraidtoask.com /ubbthreads/printthread.php?Board=foreskin&main=169296&type=post (99 words)

	Farmhouse Magazine
		There are three main types of female circumcision: clitoridotomy, clitoridectomy, and infibulation.
		Clitoridotomy refers to the removal or splitting of the clitoral hood.
		clitoridotomy, described above, which is the least invasive of the procedures preformed on females.
	www.farmhousemagazine.com /walther.html (0 words)

	Female Genital Mutilation - Associated Content
		Class I is referred to as a Clitoridotomy, Hoodectomy or a Sunna Circumcision.
		Clitoridotomy is performed on more adult woman than children or teenagers-which is unusual in most cultures that perform FGM.
		Clitoridotomy and Clitoridectomy are usually talked about together since both of their main causes are to stop masturbation.
	www.associatedcontent.com /article/173532/female_genital_mutilation.html (0 words)

	Togdheer Online - Health
		The relevant point here is the phrase "the two circumcision organs" used by the Prophet (pbuh) which is an explicit reference to the male and female organs that are usually circumcised and which is taken by some people as evidence that clitoridotomy is legitimate.
		This authentic hadith is by no means evidence of legitimacy, the Arabic word used for "the two circumcision organs" is in the dual case and it follows the habit of calling two objects or two persons after the more familiar or after either of them, giving it prominence.
		Thus it is clear that in Islamic ruling, clitoridotomy is neither an obligation nor a sunna, with no evidence supporting either.
	www.togdheer.com /health/ruling.shtml (0 words)

	Topic: Circumcision? \| Baby Names World
		Clitoridotomy (type 1) involves only the removal, or the splitting of the clitoral hood.
		Women can function sexually after a clitoridotomy, and advocates of the procedure even claim it is sexually beneficial to the woman, as the clitoris becomes exposed and easier to stimulate.
		I googled "Clitoridotomy", and immediately got an English language web-page advocating the procedure, claiming it was sexually beneficial.
	www.babynamesworld.com /forum/topic98960_40.html (0 words)

	Genital Mutilation Encyclopedia Article @ Torturing.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		When genital alterations are used for punishment, typically for rape, adultery or other socially forbidden sexual practices, such modifications have included castration (actual or chemical) or penectomy.
		This consists of removal and/or surgery of various parts of the female genitals, typically one or more of removal of the clitoral hood (Clitoridotomy), removal of the clitoris (Clitoridectomy) and sewing up the vagina (Infibulation).
		When performed on female minors these procedures can be highly contentious.
	www.torturing.net /encyclopedia/Genital_mutilation (677 words)

	The female circumcision Resource Page
		In the United States and other Western countries, clitoridotomy is usually performed on adult women rather than on children.
		From the late 19th century until the 1950s, clitoridotomy and other more invasive procedures, including excision of the clitoris and infibulation were practiced in Western african female circumcision countries to control female sexuality, and were advocated in the United States by groups like the Orificial Surgery Society until 1925.
		Through the 1950s, some doctors continued to advocate female circumcision story clitoridotomy for hygienic reasons or to reduce masturbation.
	www.kerberosworld.com /Falc-to-Fift/female_circumcision-female_circumcison.php (0 words)

	[No title]
		“Type I, "clitoridotomy" or "hoodectomy" (also sunna circumcision, after Islamic tradition) is the most limited and involves the removal or splitting of the clitoral hood.
		A small minority of doctors has since advocated clitoridotomy of adults to increase sexual sensitivity, so as to increase sexual pleasure rather than to decrease masturbation frequency.
		Type II or clitoridectomy is more extensive and implies the partial or total removal of the clitoris, and sometimes also the labia minor.
	www.bangladesh-web.com /view.php?hidDate=2004-07-14&hidType=OPT&hidRecord=0000000000000000014250 (0 words)

	Sharia - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Nevertheless it is justified on religious grounds both by Muslims and Christians who practice it, mostly in parts of Africa.
		The Egyptian-born president of the 'European Council on Fatwa and Research', Yusuf al-Qaradawi emphasises that this is not a religious obligation, but expresses his personal preference for removal of the prepuce of the clitoris, called clitoridotomy (Fatwa on islamonline.net (http://www.islamonline.net/Fatwa/english/FatwaDisplay.asp?hFatwaID=31397).)
		The use of the term 'circumcision' is highly confusing, as the practice ranges from a mild superficial act that does not reduce any physiological function (the 'real' circumcision), to various forms of partial or even complete removal of female genital organs.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Shariat (3483 words)

	Female Genital Mutilation - Page 2
		Female genital mutilation (FGM) is the practice of cutting or removing all or part of the external female genitals.
		Type I includes the removal of the hood of the clitoris (clitoridotomy) and may include the partial or total excision of the clitoris (clitoridectomy).
		Type II includes clitoridectomy and the partial or total excision of the labia minora.
	obgyn.healthcentersonline.com /vaginalcervicalhealth/femalegenitalmutilation2.cfm (999 words)

	Talk:Female genital cutting - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This page has no mention of voluntary instances of the more extreme forms of genital cutting, such as this one, which could also serve as illustration on a subpage, if use rights could be obtained.
		It seems quite clear that early in the Twentieth Century, clitoridotomy and other genital modifications were promoted as a way of stopping masturbation.
		Later, when the fear of masturbation was discredited, those promoting clitoridotomy advocated it as a way of enhancing sexual sensitivity.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Female_genital_cutting (15350 words)

	Circumcised at 37: a personal story and a rebuke to the MRAs at Hugo Schwyzer
		There are a lot of people reconsidering male circumcision and the claims made to justify keeping it as a routine procedure in pediatrics (most of which you repeated in this post- namely health reasons).
		Clitoridotomy is the same analog as male circumcision; the conflation arises from a desire for consistancy of use; if a clitoridotomy is “genital mutilation” because it is done at a young age, without informed consent, sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander.
		Clitoridotomy removes the hood over the clitoris, which some women report as enhancing their sexual pleasure - always with the YMMV caveat.
	hugoschwyzer.net /2006/10/11/circumcised-at-37-a-personal-story-and-a-rebuke-to-the-mras (0 words)

	Female Genital Mutilation - Page 2
		Female genital mutilation (FGM) is the practice of cutting or removing all or part of the external female genitals.
		Type I includes the removal of the hood of the clitoris (clitoridotomy) and may include the partial or total excision of the clitoris (clitoridectomy).
		Type II includes clitoridectomy and the partial or total excision of the labia minora.
	obgyn.health.ivillage.com /vaginalcervicalhealth/femalegenitalmutilation2.cfm (0 words)

	Female Circumcision in the United States - Associated Content (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Female circumcision strictly taken means a “hoodectomy” or removal of the clitoral hood.
		This is called clitoridotomy and is what is practiced in the United States.
		A more extreme form of female circumcision is the clitoridectomy, or removal of the entire external clitoris.
	www.associatedcontent.com /action_rating.shtml?content_type=article&content_type_id=45562&rating_value=5 (0 words)

	The Religion of Islam - Female Circumcision in Islam (All parts) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In the U.S. an organization known as the Orificial Surgery Society was formed, publishing journals mentioning the various benefits of clitoridectomy, even for things as trivial as headaches.
		There were also many hygienic benefits that were thought to be produced by clitoridotomy. C.F. McDonald states in a 1958 paper entitled Circumcision of the Female
		Until recently the clitoris was seen as un unclean thing. Even Sigmund Freud, one of the founders of modern psychology, stated in one of his books Sexuality and the Psychology of Love, the “elimination of clitoral sexuality is a necessary precondition for the development of femininity.”
	www.islamreligion.com /articles/438/viewall (0 words)

	Circumcision
		Even those hadith which some people use as evidence, although lacking in authenticity, do not, by any means, order clitoridotomy.
		All that they contain is an instruction to any woman who undertakes such an action to avoid the violation of the female genitals and to cut only a small, hardly noticeable part of the clitoral prepuce.
		Also see Ibn Qudama,Al-mughni, XI, 546 and XII, 158, where two views are quoted, one calling for retaliation when the labia majora are removed and the other ruling that blood money is sufficient for technical considerations which the retaliation procedure involves.
	www.ummah.net /islam/taqwapalace/fitness/circumcision.htm (0 words)

	Islam Outlaws Female Genital Mutilation (reddit.com)
		From the late 19th century until the 1950s, clitoridotomy and other more invasive procedures, including excision of the clitoris and infibulation were practiced in Western countries to control female sexuality, and were advocated in the United States by groups like the Orificial Surgery Society until 1925.
		Doctors advocating or performing these procedures claimed that girls of all ages would otherwise engage in more masturbation and be "polluted" by the activity, which was referred to as "self-abuse".
		For example I didn't know a Clitoridotomy was an actual surgical procedure before reading that, or that it was practiced in the West until relatively recently.
	reddit.com /info/tk48/comments (0 words)

	Genital modification and mutilation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		When genital alterations are used for punishment, typically for rape, adultery or other socially forbidden sexual practices, such modifications have included castration (actual or chemical) or penectomy.
		This consists of removal and/or surgery of various parts of the female genitals, typically one or more of removal of the clitoral hood (Clitoridotomy), removal of the clitoris (Clitoridectomy) and sewing up the vagina (Infibulation).
		When performed on female minors these procedures can be highly controversial.
	www.tocatch.info /en/Genital_mutilation.htm (0 words)

	HappyHippie.com Forums - View Single Post - Circumcision?
		You are mixing up female mutilation and female circumcision.
		A Clitoridotomy is compared to a male circumcision as it is only the removal of the clitoral hood.
		Some women have this done to ENHANCE sexual pleasure.
	www.happyhippie.com /vb/showpost.php?p=16497&postcount=48 (271 words)

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