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Topic: Cloning

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	Embryo cloning, adult DNA cloning and therapeutic cloning
		For cloning's advocates, this is an opportunity to remake mankind in an image of health, prosperity, and nobility; it is the ultimate expression of man's unlimited potential.
		The cloned organ would be based on the recipient’s genetic material and would not require the use of debilitating immunosuppressive therapies.
		The goal of therapeutic cloning is to produce a healthy copy of a sick person's tissue or organ for transplant.
	www.religioustolerance.org /cloning.htm (845 words)

	Cloning - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Frequently, the term cloning is misleadingly used to refer to the identification of the chromosomal location of a gene associated with a particular phenotype of interest.
		Thus, nuclear transfer clones from different maternal lineages are not clones in the strictest sense because the mitochondrial genome is not the same as that of the nucleus donor cell from which it was produced.
		Megan and Morag cloned from differentiated embryonic cells in June 1995 and Dolly the sheep in 1997.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cloning (3141 words)

	Cloning-Information on cloning,Ethics,process, Dolly sheep,against human cloning
		Cloning is the creation of an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another.
		As per biology, a clone is a cell or an organism that is genetically identical to another cell or organism.
		Cloning a gene means isolating an exact copy of a single gene from the entire genome of an organism.
	www.indianchild.com /cloning.htm (571 words)

	NIMR :: Mill Hill Essays 1997 :: Cloning
		Clones traverse the cinema screen as crowds of dehumanised humans destined for monotonous drudgery, as invincible armies of lookalikes from outer space, as replicas of living megalomaniacs and, in the ultimate fantasy, as the resurrected dead - troupes of little Hitlers and herds of rampaging dinosaurs.
		Lower vertebrates had been cloned in the early 1960s when it was shown that a nucleus taken from an adult frog cell transplanted to a frog egg whose own nucleus had been destroyed was able to direct the development of that egg into a swimming tadpole.
		Cloning is as important to the production of fine wine, the supply of rubber and the fruit harvest as it is to the variety of an English country garden.
	www.nimr.mrc.ac.uk /MillHillEssays/1997/cloning.htm (2859 words)

	Category:Cloning - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cloning is the process of creating an identical copy of an original.
		A clone in the biological sense, therefore, is a multi-cellular organism that is genetically identical to another living organism.
		Sometimes this can refer to "natural" clones made either when an organism reproduces asexually or when two genetically identical individuals are produced by accident (as with identical twins), but in common parlance the clone is an identical copy by some conscious design.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Category:Cloning (136 words)

	Cloning Webliography
		A major breakthrough in animal cloning occurred in 1997 when Ian Wilmut and his group at the Roslin Institute in Scotland cloned a sheep (Dolly) using genetic material from a non-embryonic cell, an adult mammary gland cell (3).
		Cloning from adult cells means that it is possible to be more certain ahead of time what the cloned animal will be like.
		Cloning of organisms, like many new technologies, is controversial because it is difficult to predict what good or bad could come from it.
	www.lib.msu.edu /skendall/cloning (448 words)

	::Cloning::
		Cloned children might also suffer from disruption to a phenomenon called imprinting, in which genes are normally activated differently depending on whether they come from the mother or the father.
		Abstract: The announcement of a cloned sheep from the DNA in a single udder cell of a 6-year-old ewe has ignited a debate on ethical implications of cloning and sparked the imaginations of researchers regarding the scientific implications and potential of cloning.
		Cloning mammals by splitting embryos in half is not new, but cloning mammals from cells that are not embryonic is. To create Dolly, the Roslin team took cells from the udder of a Finn Dorset ewe.
	mtholyoke.edu /courses/sdecatur/chem210/bibliography_pages/cloning.html (12663 words)

	CBC News Indepth: GENETICS AND REPRODUCTION
		Human cloning is perhaps the most controversial reproductive technology, raising fears in people's minds of armies of clones or exact copies of people long dead.
		Cloning experts were skeptical about the claim, saying cloning a human is technically demanding and the group lacks the skills to do it.
		Some are against cloning for the same reason they're against abortion and euthanasia – because all human life is valuable and destroying embryos is equal to murder.
	www.cbc.ca /news/background/genetics_reproduction/cloning.html (1479 words)

	Cloning Fact Sheet
		To "clone a gene," a DNA fragment containing the gene of interest is isolated from chromosomal DNA using restriction enzymes and then united with a plasmid that has been cut with the same restriction enzymes.
		Once the cloned embryo reaches a suitable stage, it is transferred to the uterus of a female host where it continues to develop until birth.
		Cloning extinct animals presents a much greater challenge to scientists because the egg and the surrogate needed to create the cloned embryo would be of a species different from the clone.
	www.ornl.gov /sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/cloning.shtml (3597 words)

	Primer on Ethics and Human Cloning by Glenn McGee, Ph.D.
		Proponents of cloning suggested it might serve as a new, unusual but perhaps efficacious treatment for infertility, enabling those unable to pass genes to future generations to do so in a way that is at least analogous to the familial linkage of twins.
		How a clone is to be defined, or rather how difficult is the task of finding a way of understanding human cloning in terms from traditional language and contemporary institutions of science and parenting, has proven to be a most formidable challenge.
		While it is tempting to describe cloning as either a radical new form of parenting or as twinning, either analysis fails to take account of the need for new ways to integrate the problem of cloning into social institutions before it becomes an accepted form of reproductive medicine.
	www.actionbioscience.org /biotech/mcgee.html (2076 words)

	Cloning - cells, plants & animals
		A clone produces cells that not only have the same chromosomes, but which turn on the same genes, turn off the same genes, and therefore look identical, act the same, and do the same things.
		Cancer cells are natural clones and were the first human cells isolated and grown in laboratories.
		Twins are nature's clones, and we know they do not act alike or have the same personality at all.
	www.eurekascience.com /ICanDoThat/cloning.htm (870 words)

	cloning
		The first reproducible cloning of a mammal from adult cells, which has successfully yielded three generations and more than 50 identical cloned mice, is reported in the July 23 issue of the international science journal Nature by an international team of scientists, lead by Ryuzo Yanagimachi, of the University of Hawaii.
		Whereas gene cloning and the manipulation and transfer of genetic material within and across species has been a scientific reality for more than two decades, cloning complete organisms, and in particular mammals, has long been the a topic of science fiction thrillers, shrouded in futuristic mystique.
		The clone is virtually genetically identical to the adult sheep that donated the nuclear material, with the one exception being the of small amounts of mitochondrial DNA that remain in the cytoplasm of the egg.
	www.hawaii.edu /ur/News_Releases/NR_July98/cloning.html (2872 words)

	Human cloning and genes brochure basic science stem cells embryo genetics reproductive clone
		Reproductive cloning uses the cloning procedure to produce a clonal embryo which is implanted in a woman's womb with intent to create a fully formed living child--a clone-as shown in diagram 3 above..
		Therapeutic cloning uses the cloning procedure to produce a clonal embryo, but instead of being implanted in a womb and brought to term it is used to generate stem cells, as shown in diagram 4 above.
		Others oppose therapeutic cloning as well as reproductive cloning, either because they are opposed to the destruction of embryos as a matter of principle, or because they feel the acceptance of therapeutic cloning will set us on a slippery slope to the acceptance of reproductive cloning and human genetic manipulation.
	www.arhp.org /patienteducation/onlinebrochures/cloning/index.cfm?ID=282 (1076 words)

	Cloning
		The world’s second cloned baby was born on [3 Jan 2003] to a Dutch woman, the head of the Raelian sect in the Netherlands said on [4 Jan 2003].
		The study, which looked at the genetic make-up of certain organs in cloned mice, found that as many as one in 25 genes might be abnormal in a clone’s placenta, according to the report published in the early edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
		Sho-zaburo, a clone of a clone, the day after he was born.
	www.skewsme.com /cloning.html (7296 words)

	Conceiving a Clone
		Follow the development of cloning on the timeline, learn about the various techniques used to create clones, view animations of important processes, and read about the scientists whose accomplishments have made cloning a reality.
		The recent cloning developments have created a large scale debate on the morality and ethics of duplicating humans and other creatures.
		Enter the reactions section to learn about common cloning misconceptions, views from both sides of the cloning debate, and what the government is doing to prevent human cloning research.
	library.thinkquest.org /24355 (173 words)

	Cloning -- Some stories on scientists cloning humans and human embryos.
		There are many different types of cloning, including cloning that can be used for regenerative purposes and cloning that can be used for medical purposes.
		A clone is not an exact replica of the original person, but only a younger identical twin.
		Clones may be treated as lower classed citizens.
	www.freewebs.com /cloning2 (163 words)

	Howstuffworks "How Cloning Works"
		Cloning is the process of making a genetically identical organism through nonsexual means.
		Animal cloning has been the subject of scientific experiments for years, but garnered little attention until the birth of the first cloned mammal in 1997, a sheep named Dolly.
		The recent success in cloning animals has sparked fierce debates among scientists, politicians and the general public about the use and morality of cloning plants, animals and possibly humans.
	science.howstuffworks.com /cloning.htm (198 words)

	LiveScience.com - Cloning , Human Cloning , Information on
		Biological cloning is the process of creating a genetically identical copy of another living being, be it human, plant, or animal.
		Clones occur naturally during the asexual reproduction of some organisms and unicellular micro-organisms, or when two genetically identical individuals are produced accidentally, as when two identical twins develop from one single fertilized egg.
		Genetic cloning occurs when a body cell is taken from an embryo in an early stage of development.
	www.livescience.com /cloning (349 words)

	Genetic Savings and Clone - the leading provider of pet gene banking and pet cloning services. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In December 2004 we began delivering cloned kittens to our satisfied clients, resulting in media coverage around the world and inquiries from thousands of cat lovers.
		When you purchase a clone from GSC, you'll receive a healthy kitten that looks virtually identical to his or her predecessor.
		If we reduce the price of our cat cloning service before your kitten is ready for delivery, you may pay the new, lower price.
	www.savingsandclone.com /services/cat_cloning.html (282 words)

	Online NewsHour: The Cloning Debate -- June 12, 2002
		To perform cloning, the scientists needed two cells in particular, an egg cell from a female cow and a so-called somatic cell, or body cell, from another one.
		In reproductive cloning, the blastocyst is transferred into a female's uterus, in the hope that it will implant and then develop into a fetus.
		But in therapeutic cloning, some key cells are removed from the blastocyst, and the embryo is effectively destroyed.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/health/jan-june02/cloning_6-12.html (1640 words)

	Cloning
		Clearly, cytoplasmic factors are capable of evoking the entire developmental process from the nucleus of a differentiated adult cell.
		Another potential application of mammalian cloning is the production of clones of genetically-engineered domestic animals, such as sheep, pigs and cattle.
		Cloning from "Biotechnology and its Social Impacts" course at Princeton.
	www.ucalgary.ca /UofC/eduweb/virtualembryo/cloning.html (971 words)

	Online NewsHour: The Cloning Debate
		Researchers in South Korea succeeded in extracting stem cells from a cloned human embryo -- a breakthrough that brings researchers closer to developing individualized disease treatments, but could also be used by rogue scientists to advance research into cloning a human.
		The council did agree, however, that cloning for reproductive purposes should be banned altogether.
		Peter Mombaerts discusses how real the hopes for cloning are and may be in the future.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/health/cloning.html (252 words)

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