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Topic: Clonogenic assay

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	DiaTech
		Clonogenic Assay (Puck and Marcus, 1956): relies on the proliferation of tumor clonogenic cells surviving drug exposure.
		Differential Staining Cytotoxicity Assay (Weisenthal et al, 1983) (a variant of the DiSC assay is also known as EVA™): relies on intactness of the cell membrane of tumor cells surviving drug exposure.
		As a group, all these assays are referred to as cell growth-based assays because they measure a fraction of tumor cells surviving exposure to a chemotherapeutic agent.
	www.diatech-oncology.com /Pages/Differ.html (635 words)

	Clonogenic assay - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Clonogenic assay is a microbiology technique for studying the effectiveness of specific agents on the proliferation of cells.
		The term "clonogenic" refers to the fact that these cells are clones of one another.
		At the conclusion of the experiment, the primary interest is the percentage of cells which survived the treatment.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Clonogenic_assay (527 words)

	Cell Culture Drug Resistance Testing - Misconceptions
		The assay results are categorized as "sensitive", "intermediate," or "resistant," based on comparisons with other assays in the database, with "sensitive" neoplasms falling at one end of the spectrum, and "resistant" neoplasms at the other.
		The prototypic DISC assay, in which living and dead cells are differentially stained (allowing identification of tumor cells in mixed populations of tumor cells and normal cells) and where the endpoint is delayed loss of membrane integrity.
		The findings in Figure 6 show conclusively that the cell death assays are broadly applicable to a wide range of human neoplasms, ranging from low response rate tumors, such as pancreatic cancer and cholangiocarcinoma (group 1, the non-colon, non-stomach GI adenocarcinomas) to acute lymphoblastic leukemia (group 11), and including breast cancer.
	www.weisenthal.org /chapt04.htm (2151 words)

	NIDDK : Stem Cells and Pancreatic Development Workshop Recommendations (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Furthermore, development of a quantitative, clonogenic assay, similar to what exists for studying hematopoietic and neural stem cells, is necessary to prove that a pancreatic stem cell exists.
		In an in vivo clonogenic assay, pancreatic stem cells should give rise to cells that could be transferred or transplanted to a diabetic host, and have to ability to reconstitute all pancreatic cell lineages.
		Although there are several existing diabetic animal models which might be used in a clonogenic assay, research to develop a transgenic mouse model in which the destruction of pancreatic beta cells is inducible in young animals or adults is needed.
	www.niddk.nih.gov /fund/reports/stemcellreport.htm (399 words)

	Oncotest GmbH - Clonogenic Assay
		The assay evaluates the capacity of compounds to inhibit the formation of 3 dimensional colonies.
		As this assay is based on human xenografts it combines the advantages of a high correlation of drug response to the same tumor growing in vivo or in the patient, while having moderate time and running expenditures.
		In contrast to cell line derived xenografts, in the clonogenic assay Oncotest uses human tumor derived xenografts and keeps them at low passages.
	www.oncotest.de /index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12&Itemid=31 (228 words)

	Radiosensitization of p53 Mutant Cells by PD0166285, a Novel G2 Checkpoint Abrogator -- Wang et al. 61 (22): 8211 -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		To increase the throughput of the assay, a
		In this assay, Wee1 kinase phosphorylates and inhibits Cdc2
		Standard clonogenic assay in combination with X-irradiation and 4 h of PD0166285 treatment was performed in the 6-well plates (A) as well as in the 24-well plates for high throughput (B) as described in "Materials and Methods." For the 24-well clonogenic assay, 2,500 to 40,000 cells were seeded/well, depending upon the treatment.
	cancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/61/22/8211 (4590 words)

	Nature Protocols: Clonogenic assay of cells in vitro
		Clonogenic assay or colony formation assay is an in vitro cell survival assay based on the ability of a single cell to grow into a colony.
		The assay essentially tests every cell in the population for its ability to undergo “unlimited” division.
		Clonogenic assay is the method of choice to determine cell reproductive death after treatment with ionizing radiation, but can also be used to determine the effectiveness of other cytotoxic agents.
	www.natureprotocols.com /2006/12/21/clonogenic_assay_of_cells_in_v.php (275 words)

	DCILABS CLONOGENIC ASSAY (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The 'colony formation assay or 'clonogenic assay' is a classical test to evaluate cell growth after treatment.
		The assay is widespread in oncological research areas where it is used to test the proliferating power of cancer cell lines after radiation and/or treatment with anticancer agents.
		If the assay is implemented in the customers's grounds, a scanning station to scan adjacent images is required (e.g.
	users.telenet.be /dcilabs/DCIWeb_app_CLA.htm (372 words)

	IP43/ COLORIMETRIC CYTOTOXICITY ASSAYS FOR ANCHORAGE DEPENDENT CELLS
		The assays are: MTT assay The tetrazolium salt, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), is taken up into cells and reduced by a mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzyme to yield a purple formazan product which is largely impermeable to cell membranes, thus resulting in its accumulation within healthy cells.
		One limitation to the use of this assay for screening large numbers of hypoxic cell radiosensitisers and hypoxic-specific cytotoxins is the possibility of the plastic-ware used in the procedure occluding oxygen at radiobiologically significant levels.
		The MTT assay has several drawbacks: The MTT assay is not readily adaptable for use with static cell populations or those of low mitochondrial activity.
	embryo.ib.amwaw.edu.pl /invittox/prot/43.htm (1247 words)

	DCILABS UNIVERSAL GRAB
		Being a classic in oncological research areas, the clonogenic assay is a popular test to evaluate the ‘colony formation capacity’ of individual cells after treatment with radiation or compounds.
		The neurite outgrowth assay is used for the automated and quantitative measurement of neurite outgrowth properties (e.g.
		The nerve regeneration assay is developed for the quantification of nerve growth and regeneration on histological slides of dissected nerves.
	users.telenet.be /dcilabs/DCIWeb_applications.htm (400 words)

	BioLogics, Inc. \| OMNICON Tumor Colony Analyzer, Tumor Cloning Assay, Stem Cell Assay, Chemotherapeutic Sensitivity, ...
		This versatility in footprint acceptance of cell culture plastic-ware is of critical importance since it mediates maximum flexibility to the type of colony survival assay performed.
		With varying media and cell lines, illumination becomes an important aspect in the ability to analyze soft agar assays.
		For low contrast assays, the optional Phase Contrast illumination system makes those assays simple to analyze without the use of stains.
	www.biologics-inc.com /tumor_colony_analyzer.htm (406 words)

	Diphtheria Toxin Fused to Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Eliminates Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells With ...
		The toxicity of DT-GM-CSF to normal hemopoietic cells under identical conditions was determined in the clonogenic assay for committed progenitors, and in the CAFC assay for hemopoietic stem cell subsets.
		Assays were performed in triplicate in the presence of GM-CSF (5 ng/mL), IL-3 (10 ng/mL), and G-CSF (100 ng/mL).
		The relative effect on committed progenitors was determined in clonogenic assays by enumerating the number of CFU-GM and BFU-E's, and compare this with nonexposed nBM cells.
	www.bloodjournal.org /cgi/content/full/90/9/3735 (5639 words)

	Student Abstracts: BNL - Medical & Health Sciences
		Cell death/DNA damage was measured by clonogenic survival assays and with single cell gel electrophoresis, also known as the comet assay.
		The clonogenic assay measures the cell's ability to divide and form colonies after exposure to irradiation.
		Whereas in the comet assay, electrophoresis causes broken DNA to move from the nucleus towards the anode forming an image resembling the tail of a comet, with the greater the extent of damage, the greater the tail.
	www.scied.science.doe.gov /scied/Abstracts2001/BNLmhs.htm (1200 words)

	Fair And Impartial ASCO Tech Assessments? Give Me A Break!!! - Visitor Opinion
		All three were old line "Human Tumor Stem Cell" (clonogenic) assay workers, who, along with Salmon, convinced the oncologic community that clonogenic assays were the only valid approach to chemosensitivity testing (no one had ever heard of apoptosis back then).
		Yet they never even attempted to review the voluminous literature which defined the "accuracy" of cell death assays, and instead restricted their analysis to a consideration of papers which tried to address the issue of whether the use of the assays actually improved patient outcomes.
		No one has ever said or represented that cell culture assays have been proven to be efficacious in randomized trials, just that the tests are accurate and that accuracy has always been the standard used to evaluate tests.
	www.medicalnewstoday.com /youropinions.php?opinionid=19818 (3247 words)

	Colony Counters for Colony Forming Assay Tumor Forming Assay Clonogenic Cell Survival
		They provide an objective and cost-effective alternative to the subjective and labour-intensive task of manual colony counting in laboratory techniques such as the Clonogenic Assay, Cell Survival Assay, Tumor Cloning Cssay and Stem Cell Assay.
		ColCount™ has been conceived specifically to rapidly detect and count stained, adherent mammalian cell colonies in classic '2-D' clonogenic assays.
		GelCount™ has been conceived specifically to detect, count and analyze stained or unstained, non-adherent mammalian cell colonies in soft agar or other semi-solid media ('3-D') assays.
	www.oxford-optronix.com /pmammaliancell.htm (201 words)

	Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2004): Supplement 2
		It is becoming of a routine exercise to apply any of these assays, and report the cyto-effect of natural or synthetic agents using the standard protocols on any different cell lines.
		A comparison of the application of different cytotoxicity assays for natural and synthetic materials, on different cell lines and at different conditions is presented here to proof that a very wise selection of the assay, as well as the method optimization is necessary for different purposes.
		Selection of the cell line, the nature of cytotoxicity assay, exposure duration and condition, and the interpretation of results should be precisely assigned and monitored based on the proposed research and purpose of evaluation.
	www.ijpr-online.com /Docs/2004s2/49.htm (627 words)

	Retinoic Acid-Induced Stimulation of Sodium Iodide Symporter Expression and Cytotoxicity of Radioiodine in Prostate ...
		I was examined by in vitro clonogenic assay.
		clonogenic assay and in vivo in xenografts in nude mice (12,
		Cells were then harvested and applied to clonogenic assay as described (30).
	endo.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/144/8/3423 (5905 words)

	Combination Interferon-{{alpha}}2a and 13-cis-Retinoic Acid Enhances Radiosensitization of Human Malignant Glioma Cells ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Thymidine uptake assays were performed in replicates of 12.
		The clonogenic assay was performed in replicates of three for
		clonogenic assay, the radiosensitization roles of IFN and CRA
	clincancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/5/2/417 (4040 words)

	The density of clonogenic cells in human solid tumors -- Baker and Sanger 9 (2): 155 -- Stem Cells
		The density of clonogenic cells in human solid tumors -- Baker and Sanger 9 (2): 155 -- Stem Cells
		primary target in the therapy of cancer is the clonogenic cell, the density
		clonogenic cells in human tumors by assaying the enzyme digest of biopsies
	stemcells.alphamedpress.org /cgi/content/abstract/9/2/155 (263 words)

	ZoomInfo Web Summary: David Kern (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This endpoint suffered from practical disadvantages, and Tanigawa substituted tritiated thymidine labeling for colony counting as the assay endpoint.
		In all of these papers, the assay was specifically described as a "chemosensitivity assay." In none of the papers does the label "drug resistance assay" appear, nor is the concept of "extreme drug resistance" described.
		First, there was a striking relationship between assay results and pre-test/post-test response probabilities which were precisely in accord with predictions from Bayes' Theorem (Kern and Weisenthal,J Natl Cancer Inst 82:582-8,'90; Weisenthal and Kern, Oncology 5:93-103,'91; Weisenthal, L.M. Developments in Oncology.
	www.zoominfo.com /directory/Kern_David_541789.htm (693 words)

	The human tumor clonogenic assay in human breast cancer -- Jones et al. 3 (1): 92 -- Journal of Clinical Oncology (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The human tumor clonogenic assay in human breast cancer -- Jones et al.
		The human tumor clonogenic assay in human breast cancer
		assay appears to detect in vitro activity as well as resistance of a
	www.jco.org /cgi/content/abstract/3/1/92 (315 words)

	Msh2 deficiency does not contribute to cisplatin resistance in mouse embryonic stem cells
		Here we report that in a clonogenic assay, mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells deficient for the MMR protein MSH2 respond similarly as wild-type cells to cisplatin.
		As judged from the clonogenic assay in Figure 1, a defective MMR system was not sufficient to increase cell survival in response to cisplatin.
		The number of colonies that survived cisplatin treatment was equal both in a clonogenic assay (Figure 4b) and after a 24 h exposure of 1.5
	www.nature.com /onc/journal/v23/n1/full/1207015a.html (4411 words)

	Apoptosis, p53, and Tumor Cell Sensitivity to Anticancer Agents -- Brown and Wouters 59 (7): 1391 -- Cancer Research (Site not responding. Last check: )
		clonogenic survival is assessed from the irradiated tumors,
		However, the overall sensitivity as assessed by clonogenic assay (lower frames) is unchanged.
		IUdR-release assay for measuring the kinetics of cell death.
	cancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/59/7/1391 (8338 words)

	Antiapoptotic Activity Is Dispensable for Insulin-like Growth Factor I Receptor-mediated Clonogenic Radioresistance ...
		Clonogenic cell survival was evaluated by dose-survival curves
		the induction of apoptosis and clonogenic radiosensitivity in
		that the clonogenic radioresistance observed in R+(Wt) and R+ cells is mediated by PI3K-independent survival signals.
	clincancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/7/10/3206 (5358 words)

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