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Topic: Clopidogrel

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	Clopidogrel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Clopidogrel (IPA: [kloʊˈpidoʊgrɛl]) is a potent oral antiplatelet agent often used in the treatment of coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease.
		The mechanism of action of clopidogrel is irreversible blockade of the adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor on platelet cell membranes.
		Most consensus-based therapeutic guidelines recommend the use of clopidogrel, over aspirin, in patients requiring antiplatelet therapy but with a history of gastric ulceration, due to the lower incidence of gastric ulceration associated with the use of clopidogrel vs aspirin.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Clopidogrel (448 words)

	Plavix Online, Description, Chemistry, Ingredients, Blackbox - Clopidogrel Bisulfate - RxList Monographs
		PLAVIX (clopidogrel bisulfate) is an inhibitor of ADP-induced platelet aggregation acting by direct inhibition of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) binding to its receptor and of the subsequent ADP-mediated activation of the glycoprotein GPIIb/IIIa complex.
		Clopidogrel bisulfate is a white to off-white powder.
		Plavix for oral administration is provided as pink, round, biconvex, debossed film-coated tablets containing 97.875 mg of clopidogrel bisulfate which is the molar equivalent of 75 mg of clopidogrel base.
	www.rxlist.com /cgi/generic/clopidog.htm (231 words)

	Yale-New Haven Hospital: HealthLINK: Cardiac May 2001
		Clopidogrel, marketed as Plavix, may become one of the best-selling drugs in the world as a result of its effectiveness in treating acute coronary syndrome (ACS), a life-threatening condition characterized by unstable angina or a history of mild heart attacks.
		Clopidogrel cut the risk of heart attack, stroke or death by 20 percent.
		Clopidogrel is particularly important to consider for those at high risk such as patients with diabetes, those who are aspirin resistant and patients who have suffered recurrent bouts of severe angina or minor heart attacks in spite of ongoing
	www.ynhh.org /healthlink/cardiac/cardiac_5_01.html (1430 words)

	Addition of Clopidogrel to Fibrinolytic Therapy for Myocardial Infarction with ST-Segment Elevation Improves Patency ...
		Clopidogrel is an adenosine diphosphate-receptor antagonist that inhibits the activation and aggregation of platelets.
		Clopidogrel has the greatest effect on the rate of an occluded infarct-related artery with a 41 percent reduction in the odds (p< 0.001).
		Clopidogrel is an anti-platelet agent with synergistic effects with aspirin and fibrinolytic agents.
	www.cardiologyonline.com /journal_articles/Addition_of_clopidogrel.htm (625 words)

	CLOPIDOGREL BISULFATE Drug Information CLOPIDOGREL BISULFATE
		C-labeled clopidogrel in humans, approximately 50% was excreted in the urine and approximately 46% in the feces in the 5 days after dosing.
		Clopidogrel was not genotoxic in four in vitro tests (Ames test, DNA-repair test in rat hepatocytes, gene mutation assay in Chinese hamster fibroblasts, and metaphase chromosome analysis of human lymphocytes) and in one in vivo test (micronucleus test by oral route in mice).
		A single oral dose of clopidogrel at 1500 or 2000 mg/kg was lethal to mice and to rats and at 3000 mg/kg to baboons.
	www.drugs.com /pdr/CLOPIDOGREL_BISULFATE.html (4819 words)

	RedOrbit - Health - Determination of Clopidogrel Resistance By Whole Blood Platelet Aggregometry and Inhibitors of the ...
		The first patient, in whom an increased rate of platelet synthesis may have caused clopidogrel resistance, was classified as a nonresponder in the initial analysis of whole blood aggregation because his blood sample exhibited a 6-min impedance of 8 ohm.
		The clopidogrel loading dose did not contribute to this difference; the median loading doses were 300 and 600 mg in men and women, respectively.
		Clopidogrel resistance is associated with increased risk of recurrent atherothrombotic events in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
	www.redorbit.com /news/health/424746/determination_of_clopidogrel_resistance_by_whole_blood_platelet_aggregometry_and/index.html?source=r_health (3651 words)

	Clopidogrel - Interventional Cardiology - Cardiovascular Medicine - Stanford University School of Medicine
		Clopidogrel inhibits platelet function by selectively blocking ADP-induced platelet aggregation and is metabolized by the liver to an active form.
		The action of clopidogrel appears to be permanent in that there is still antiplatelet activity for seven to ten days after the medication has been stopped.
		Platelet inhibition with clopidogrel is evident within two hours of an initial dose and the maximal effect with an initial dose has been noted to occur at 400 mg (40 % platelet inhibition).
	cvmedicine.stanford.edu /interventional/clopidog.html (534 words)

	Clopidogrel Drug Information
		Clopidogrel (kloh-PID-oh-grel) is used to lessen the chance of heart attack or stroke.
		Clopidogrel reduces the chance that a harmful blood clot will form by preventing certain cells in the blood from clumping together.
		Older adults-Although blood levels of clopidogrel may be higher in elderly patients than in younger adults, it is not expected to cause different side effects or problems in older people than it does in other adults.
	www.drugs.com /cons/Clopidogrel.html (1333 words)

	clopidogrel - Heart Disease and other cardiovascular conditions on MedicineNet.com
		Unlike ticlopidine, clopidogrel bisulfate does not cause serious reductions of white cells in the blood and, therefore, routine blood testing to determine if the white blood cell count is low is not necessary during treatment.
		The risk of heart attacks and strokes (which usually are caused by blood clots) is increased in patients with a recent history of stroke or heart attack and patients with peripheral vascular disease.
		Clopidogrel bisulfate is used to reduce the risk of heart attacks and strokes in these patients.
	www.medicinenet.com /clopidogrel/article.htm (767 words)

	Clopidogrel Plus Aspirin Does Not Significantly Reduce the Rate of Myocardial Infarction, Stroke or Cardiovascular Death
		Clopidogrel inhibits platelet aggregation by inhibiting the binding of ADP to the platelet receptor and thereby inhibiting the consequent activation of the glycoprotein GPIIb/IIIa complex.
		A study by Dr. Deepak Bhatt et al from the Cleveland Clinic in Ohio was published in the March 14, 2006 issue of The New England Journal of Medicine indicating clopidogrel plus aspirin was not significantly more effective than aspirin alone in reducing the rate of myocardial infarction, stroke or death from cardiovascular causes.
		Overall, the study concluded that dual therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin does not significantly reduce the rate of myocardial infarction, stroke and cardiovascular death and thus should not be recommended as a preventative therapy for such disease processes.
	www.cardiologyonline.com /journal_articles/Clopidogrel_plus.htm (397 words)

	Clopidogrel
		Clopidogrel prevents blood from clotting, thereby reducing the risk of stroke, heart attack, and other related heart problems such as chest pain caused by atherosclerosis (build-up of fat in your arteries).
		Clopidogrel is commonly prescribed with aspirin after coronary stent placement.
		Clopidogrel is usually taken once daily, in the morning or evening.
	www.clevelandclinic.org /health/health-info/docs/1000/1084.asp (631 words)

	clopidogrel
		Clopidogrel is used in the prevention and treatment of heart attack, stroke, blood clots, and acute coronary syndrome.
		Clopidogrel is in the FDA pregnancy category B. This means that it is unlikely to harm an unborn baby.
		Symptoms of a clopidogrel overdose are unknown but might include vomiting, difficulty breathing, blood in the vomit or stool, and exhaustion.
	hw.healthdialog.com /kbase/multum/d04258a1.htm (1202 words)

	Aspirin and Clopidogrel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Furthermore, since patients who took clopidogrel had an increased risk of bleeding, the long-term use of combination antiplatelet therapy may not be warranted in most patients.
		The study was designed to assess whether adding clopidogrel (75 mg/day) to aspirin therapy (75-162 mg/day) provided any benefit over aspirin monotherapy in preventing the occurrence of those events.
		Clopidogrel and aspirin versus aspirin alone for the prevention of atherothrombotic events.
	www.bayeraspirin.com /asp_clop.htm (546 words)

	ClotCare: What is the best loading dose of clopidogrel for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention ...
		Clopidogrel was administered immediately after stenting as is the usual common practice in many interventional laboratories across the U.S., and continued at 75 mg once daily.
		Randomized trial of high loading dose of clopidogrel for reduction of periprocedural myocardial infarction in patients undergoing coronary intervention: results from the ARMYDA-2 (Antiplatelet therapy for Reduction of Myocardial Damage during Angioplasty) Study.
		Clopidogrel loading with eptifibatide to arrest the reactivity of platelets: results of the clopidogrel loading with eptifibatide to arrest the reactivity of platelets (CLEAR PLATELETS) study.
	www.clotcare.com /clotcare/clopidogrelloadingdose.aspx (844 words)

	MedlinePlus Drug Information: Clopidogrel
		Clopidogrel is used to prevent strokes and heart attacks in patients at risk for these problems.
		Clopidogrel is also sometimes used to prevent blood clots in patients with mitral valve disease and patients undergoing certain heart procedures.
		Clopidogrel prevents blood from clotting, so it may take longer than usual for you to stop bleeding if you are cut or injured.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/druginfo/medmaster/a601040.html (754 words)

	NGC - NGC Summary
		The searches were conducted for both the present report and the parallel appraisal on the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of clopidogrel and modified-release dipyridamole in the secondary prevention of occlusive vascular events in conjunction.
		Clopidogrel, in combination with low-dose aspirin, is recommended for use in the management of non-ST segment-elevation acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in people who are at moderate to high risk of myocardial infarction (MI) or death.
		Clopidogrel, in combination with low-dose aspirin, is prescribed for the management of non-ST-segment-elevation ACS in an individual who is at moderate to high risk of myocardial infarction (MI) or death.
	www.guideline.gov /summary/summary.aspx?ss=15&doc_id=8644&nbr=4817 (2959 words)

	Myocardial infarction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Patients are usually commenced on several long-term medications post-MI, with the aim of preventing secondary cardiovascular events such as further myocardial infarctions or cerebrovascular accident (CVA).
		Antiplatelet therapy such as aspirin and/or clopidogrel should be continued to reduce the risk of thrombus formation.
		The combination of clopidogrel and aspirin may further reduce risk of cardiovascular events, however the risk of hemorrhage is increased.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Heart_attack (3497 words)

	Clopidogrel (Systemic) - MayoClinic.com
		There is no specific information comparing use of clopidogrel in children with use in other age groups.
		Although blood levels of clopidogrel may be higher in elderly patients than in younger adults, it is not expected to cause different side effects or problems in older people than it does in other adults.
		The dose of clopidogrel may be different for different patients.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/drug-information/DR203403 (1083 words)

	Australian Adverse Drug Reactions Bulletin, Volume 23, Number 4, August 2004
		Clopidogrel (Plavix, Isocover) is indicated for the prevention of myocardial infarction and stroke in patients with atherosclerosis and, in combination with aspirin, for the treatment of acute coronary syndrome.
		Clopidogrel was the only suspected drug in 27 cases and another 27 cases were attributed to clopidogrel plus aspirin alone (see Table 1).
		Clopidogrel has largely replaced ticlopidine, because of its greater safety in relation to bone marrow suppression and TTP.
	www.tga.gov.au /adr/aadrb/aadr0408.htm (1669 words)

	Clopidogrel
		Clopidogrel is a cost-effective medication for patients with a recent stroke...
		Clopidogrel is a new antiplatelet agent with a similar chemical structure and
		clopidogrel bisulfate - definition of clopidogrel bisulfate by the...
	www.angelfire.com /planet/gary34/clopidogrel.html (461 words)

	Clopidogrel beneficial addition to post-MI therapy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		In CLARITY–TIMI 28 (Clopidogrel as Adjunctive Perfusion Therapy–Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Study 28), 3,491 patients with STEMI were randomized to receive clopidogrel or a placebo until angiography was performed along with standard therapy consisting of aspirin, a fibrinolytic agent (e.g., streptokinase [Streptase–Sanofi-Aventis], alteplase [Activase—Genentech], and when appropriate heparin or a low molecular weight heparin.
		Clopidogrel plus aspirin reduced the relative risk of death significantly, by 7% (event rate, 7.5% versus 8.1%) and a composite measure consisting of recurrent MI, stroke, or death by 9% (event rate, 9.3% versus 10.1%, a significant difference).
		Clopidogrel is approved by FDA for the reduction of thrombotic events following recent MI and recent stroke and in patients with established peripheral artery disease or acute coronary syndrome.
	www.pharmacist.com /articles/h_ts_0751.cfm (401 words)

	Clopidogrel - Drugs & Vitamins - Drug Library - DrugDigest
		It reduces the chance of having a heart attack or a stroke in people who have already had a heart attack or a stroke.
		Clopidogrel can also decrease the chance of a heart attack or stroke in certain groups of people at high risk for these events.
		If you are going to have surgery or dental work, tell your prescriber or health care professional that you are taking clopidogrel.
	www.drugdigest.org /DD/DVH/Uses/0,3915,165\|Clopidogrel,00.html (562 words)

	PLAVIX - clopidogrel bisulfate tablets
		Although the risk of myelotoxicity with PLAVIX (clopidogrel bisulfate) thus appears to be quite low, this possibility should be considered when a patient receiving PLAVIX demonstrates fever or other sign of infection.
		In the CAPRIE trial, the incidence of peptic, gastric or duodenal ulcers was 0.7% for PLAVIX (clopidogrel bisulfate) and 1.2% for aspirin.
		In the CAPRIE trial, the incidence of patients withdrawing from treatment because of gastrointestinal adverse reactions was 3.2% for PLAVIX (clopidogrel bisulfate) and 4.0% for aspirin.
	products.sanofi-aventis.us /plavix/plavix.html (4503 words)

	Clinical Trial: 75 or 150 Mg Clopidogrel Maintenance Doses Following PCI
		In patients treated with coronary stents clopidogrel therapy is usually initiated with a 300 to 600 mg loading dose.
		Therefore, it is possible that an increase of the clopidogrel maintenance dose in patients with chronic clopidogrel therapy also results in a more pronounced inhibition of platelet aggregation.
		Gorchakova O, von Beckerath N, Gawaz M, Mocz A, Joost A, Schomig A, Kastrati A. Antiplatelet effects of a 600 mg loading dose of clopidogrel are not attenuated in patients receiving atorvastatin or simvastatin for at least 4 weeks prior to coronary artery stenting.
	clinicaltrials.gov /ct/show/NCT00140465 (779 words)

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