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Topic: Close front rounded vowel

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Open vowel

Close front unrounded vowel

Open front unrounded vowel

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	E-Intro to Old English - Appendix B (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		A vowel pronounced with the tongue raised, e.g.
		A vowel pronounced with the tongue and jaw lowered, e.g.
		A vowel pronounced with the lips rounded, e.g.
	www.wmich.edu /medieval/research/rawl/IOE/ipa.html (109 words)

	Cardinal vowel
		Vowel sound produced when the tongue is in an extreme position, either front or back, high or low.
		Cardinal vowels are obtained by dividing the "operture space" between the closest vowels [i] and [u] and the most open vowel [a] in four equal "degrees" of operture: close (high tongue position), close-mid, open-mid, and open (low tongue position).
		Note that although [a] is listed as a front vowel, it is considered as a central vowel by many.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ca/Cardinal_vowel.html (104 words)

	Close vowel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A close vowel is a type of vowel sound used in many spoken languages.
		The defining characteristic of a close vowel is that the tongue is positioned as close as possible to the roof of the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant.
		Close vowels are often referred to as high vowels, as in the Americanist phonetic tradition, because the tongue is positioned high in the mouth during the articulation of a close vowel.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Close_vowel (174 words)

	Korean language - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		There is a very close connection between the dialects of Korean and the regions of Korea, since the boundaries of both are largely determined by mountains and seas.
		Two more vowels, the close-mid front rounded vowel /ø/ and the close front rounded vowel /y/, can still be heard in the speech of some older speakers, but they have been largely replaced by the diphthongs [we] and [wi] respectively.
		Traditionally, the Korean language has had strong vowel harmony; that is, in pre-modern Korean, as in most Altaic languages, not only did the inflectional and derivational affixes (such as postpositions) change in accordance to the main root vowel, but native words also adhered to vowel harmony.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Korean_language (2993 words)

	Close front rounded vowel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Its vowel height is close, which means the tongue is positioned as close as possible to the roof of the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant.
		Its vowel backness is front, which means the tongue is positioned as far forward as possible in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant.
		Its vowel roundedness is rounded, which means that the lips are rounded and protrude, and the inner surfaces are exposed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel (200 words)

	[No title]
		The sound of a vowel is determined by three factors: whether or not the lips are rounded, the shape of the tongue, and the position of the tongue.
		A 'close' vowel is one where the hump of the tongue is held high in the mouth, and an 'open' vowel is one where the hump of the tongue is held low in the mouth.
		The ninth vowel, the one in the middle of the chart, is made by tensing the middle of the tongue and positioning it exactly half-way between the roof and the floor of the mouth.
	www.derek.co.uk /vowels.htm (1926 words)

	Linguistique UNIL - The notion of semi-vowel
		There is a large degree of freedom in the articulation of open vowels and it is certainly possible to imagine vowels even more open than [a], for example (although such vowels would probably not be phonologically distinct from the "standard" open vowels of the fourth degree of aperture.
		On the other hand, the a vowel could not be much more close than the "standard" close vowels (first degree of aperture) and still be vocalic, rather than some kind of spirant or fricative consonant, depending on the degree of muscular tension.
		Additionally, the close vowels must have a certain minimum duration in order to be perceived as vocalic rather than consonantal (fricative or spirant).
	www.unil.ch /ling/page24569.html (314 words)

	y - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com
		The letter Y was originally established as a vowel.
		Originally, Y was a vowel letter in Greek, representing u and later on, front rounded y, becoming i in Modern Greek.
		In the International Phonetic Alphabet, y corresponds to the close front rounded vowel, and ʏ corresponds to the near-close near-front rounded vowel.
	www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/y (728 words)

	Y Information - Online Prescription Medication Directory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		When not serving as the second vowel in a diphthong, it has the sound value /y/ in German and the Scandinavian languages, where it can never be a consonant.
		In Polish and Guaraní, it represents the close central unrounded vowel.
		In the International Phonetic Alphabet, [y] corresponds to the close front rounded vowel, and the slightly different character [?] corresponds to the near-close near-front rounded vowel.
	www.prescriptiondrug-info.com /drug_information_online.asp?title=Y (1206 words)

	Language Miniatures 133: Vowel harmony (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		A given suffix may have several forms depending upon the nature of a vowel or consonant it is attached to.
		Turkish vowel harmony presents many other complexities which we can’t go into here, but this much ought to be enough to illustrate that it is indeed a very striking feature of the ways words are formed in this language.
		The height of suffix vowels does not change to harmonize with the root vowel, which is why the low vowels in ev at göz dost do not cause the high vowels in -imiz (etc.) to change height.
	home.bluemarble.net /~langmin/miniatures/vowelharm.htm (775 words)

	english language - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com
		After Scots and Frisian, the next closest relative is the modern Low Saxon language of the eastern Netherlands and northern Germany.
		Seaspeak and the related Airspeak and Policespeak, all based on restricted vocabularies, were designed by Edward Johnson in the 1980s to aid international cooperation and communication in specific areas.
		The North American variation of this sound is a rhotic vowel.
	www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/english-language (2836 words)

	How to pronounce Hebrew
		The pronounciation is based on several logical principles and not on historical research, but it turns out (with one exception) to be very close to scholars' reconstruction of the accent used by the Tiberian Baalei Hamesorah.
		The close relation of samekh and shin is clear from the book of Judges, in any case.
		Further, there are no "full" vs. "incomplete" versions of vowels caused by the insertion of yod or waw, since those letters are simply matres lectiones, inserted to indicate (pretty much) what vowel is there.
	www.ir.iit.edu /~argamon/hebrew.html (704 words)

	English Information Center - oxford english dictionary
		Among the changes was a broadening in the use of a unique aspect of English grammar, the 'continuous' tenses, with the suffix '-ing'.
		During the 15th century, Middle English was transformed by the Great Vowel Shift, the spread of a standardised London-based dialect in government and administration, and the standardising effect of printing.
		It is the vowels that differ most from region to region.
	www.scipeeps.com /Sci-Official_Languages_D_-_G/English.html (4079 words)

	IPA and North American vowel charts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		[a] is a front vowel in the IPA chart and central in the tic-tac-toe chart.
		Phonologically, most languages don't make a difference between front and back low vowels -- whether their single low vowel [a] should be treated as front or central or back is not a pressing question.
		The cardinal vowel system hinges on the four corners of the vowel space, and the cardinal vowels are arranged around the well-defined edges.
	www.umanitoba.ca /linguistics/russell/138/sec5/ipavsna.htm (676 words)

	wishin y yandel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The radius of the word (or part of the root gdl represents the close front rounded vowels, both have.
		With the introduction of printing, the letter Y is a unit of a word, wishin y yandel the letter y represents the close central unrounded vowel.
		There are three types: In the International ic Alphabet, wishin y yandel then later on mdash; close front rounded vowel, wishin y yandel and the second kind are called allomorph.
	wishin-y-yandel.ezseeu.org /index.html (2750 words)

	Fictional Linguistics: Lesson I.B: Vowels
		In some languages vowels contrast between “Long” and “Short” based on the amount of TIME spent on them; generally a Long vowel is pronounced twice as long as a Short vowel.
		In notation, long vowels can be differentiated from short vowels by doubling them (/aa/ for a long vowel, /a/ for a short vowel) or by writing a colon (:) after them (/i:/ for a long vowel, /i/ for a short vowel).
		Nasalization: Anytime a vowel is followed by a nasal consonant (n, m, N), it tends to change its sound a little.
	feminafelis.tripod.com /Lessons/1b.html (1113 words)

	Korean language Summary
		A morpheme is the smallest distinct unit of the Korean language, similar to an English syllable.
		A Korean morpheme must be formed of least one consonant and one vowel, but may have one or two additional consonants at the end.
		The use of ayo/oyo in the informal polite style and a/o in the casual style depends on the vowel harmony rule and the "bright" (a or the long o) or "dark" vowel (u and the short o) in the verb stem.
	www.bookrags.com /Korean_language (4820 words)

	Korean Information Center - korean girls
		There is ongoing debate as to whether the "tense" consonants are fortis or lenis, partially because those are poorly defined terms, and much of the academic literature is in a state of confusion.
		Length distinction is also decreasing; length distinction for all vowels can still be heard from older speakers, but many younger speakers do not always distinguish lengths consistently.
		It is not as prevalent in modern korean airlines usage, although korean flag it remains korean babes strong in onomatopoeia, adjectives and adverbs, interjections, and conjugation.
	www.scipeeps.com /Sci-Official_Languages_H_-_L/Korean.html (3040 words)

	Wells: Orthographic diacritics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In Welsh an acute accent on a vowel letter indicates both that the vowel is stressed (against the usual rule of penultimate stress placing) and also that it is short.
		The vowel phonemes of Vietnamese are written as Aa Ââ Ăă Ee Êê Ii Oo Ơơ Uu Ưư (with Yy as a variant of Ii).
		This symbolizes a half-close front rounded vowel, and the IPA adopted the lower-case letter as a phonetic symbol with the same meaning.
	www.phon.ucl.ac.uk /home/wells/dia/diacritics-revised.htm (9608 words)

	LINGUIST List 5.806: Proposal for an ASCII version of IPA, v.2.13 revised
		These principles are intended to keep the result visually as close to current IPA as possible, within the very great limitations of the ASCII system.
		Alveolar lateral G$ Uvular s` Alveolar fricative VOWELS When vowels appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel.
		It is suggested that in close transcription, a space be put between each segment of the original IPA, so that the characters representing diacritics do not become confused with the characters for segments proper.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/5/5-806.html (1757 words)

	Vowels in the Earth Language Phonetic System
		# Close, mid-close, mid-open, open are the extent to which the tongue rises in the direction of the palate.
		[i](04) Cardinal vowel 1: close front unrounded (The symbolic shape of a horizontal line to show the very narrow extent); when it compounded with a consonant, it works for palatalization: raising tongue to a high front position at the same time as the primary articulation is made.
		[u] Cardinal vowel 8: close back rounded(The basis symbolizes of the pointed lips); when it's compounded with a consonant, it works for labialization (lips are excessibly rounded at the same time as the primary articulation is made).
	www.earthlanguage.org /english/phone/vowel.htm (1149 words)

	LINGVA XRONARI
		a = short or long open front vowel,
		i = short or long close front vowel, o = short or long close-mid back vowel, u = short or long close back rounded
		vowel, ui = short or long close front rounded vowel, b = voiced bilabial plosive, c = voiceless grooved alveopalatal affricate, ch = voiceless uvular
	www.christusrex.org /www1/pater/JPN-l-xronari.html (107 words)

	Korean language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Two more vowels, the close-mid front rounded vowel and the close front rounded vowel, can still be heard in the speech of some older speakers, but they have been largely replaced by the diphthongs and respectively.
		becomes alveolar flap between vowels, or at the end of a syllable or next to another, disappears at the beginning of a word before in normal speech, and otherwise becomes in normal speech.
		Hangul consists of 24 letters — 14 Consonants and 10 Vowels that are written in syllabic blocks of 2 to 5 characters.
	korean-language.mindbit.com (2673 words)

	Term paper on Y
		It is now established both as a vowel and as a consonant.
		On Wheel of Fortune, the letter Y counts as a consonant.
		Originally, Y was a vowel letter in Greek, representing [u] (later on, front rounded [y], and in Modern Greek, [i]), and it normally has the sound value [y] in German, in Finnish and the Scandinavian languages.
	www.termpapertopic.org /y/y.html (741 words)

	Encoding
		Notice that in the mean time, data entry being finished, some of the encodings have been reworked towards international demands of readability: the afore mentioned g now indeed indicates again the voiced stop.
		Finally, at the outset of the project a choice was made not to indicate the transcriber's sense of syllable boundaries.
		Sometimes vowels are separated by - (hyphen) to disambiguate: a-e (in case it is not ae)
	www.meertens.knaw.nl /projecten/mand/EGTRPkipatabel.html (724 words)

	Korean Translation - Translate Korean Language Translator
		The close-mid front rounded vowel [ø] can still be heard in the speech of some older speakers, but it has largely been replaced by the diphthong [we].
		Similarly, the length distinction for all vowels can still be heard from older speakers, but it is no longer made by most younger speakers.
		Someone is equal or inferior in status if he/she is a close relative (grandparent, parent, spouse, or sibling), younger stranger, student, employee or the like.
	www.translation-services-usa.com /languages/korean.shtml (2051 words)

	7 bit representation of the IPA
		Kirshenbaum is popular among hobbyists because it tries to stay close to the physical representation of ASCII, or else have a decent mnemonic, for most things.
		SAMPA seems more popular among professional linguists for reasons which elude me. And of course, in addition to these schemes you will see various home-grown schemes which may or may not be marked as such.
		Cardinal vowel 1: close front unrounded ("lower-case i")
	www.blahedo.org /ascii-ipa.html (577 words)

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