Close-packing - Factbites

Close-packing - Factbites
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Topic: Close-packing

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In the News (Tue 22 Dec 09)

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	Kepler conjecture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In fact, there are irregular arrangements that are denser than the cubic close packing arrangement over a small enough volume, but any attempt to extend these arrangements to fill a larger volume always reduces their density.
		It says that no arrangement of equal spheres filling space has a greater average density than that of the cubic close packing (face centred cubic) and hexagonal close packing arrangements.
		So the Kepler conjecture is now very close to becoming a theorem.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kepler_conjecture (1258 words)

	Close Packed Structures
		Now that we are familiar with cubic and hexagonal close packing, let us turn to their crystallographic descriptions.
		Cubic close packing leads to a structure with a face centered cubic unit cell as shown below.
		packing which defines a cubic close packed structure.
	www.chemistry.ohio-state.edu /~woodward/ch754/str_cp.htm (1258 words)

	Mapping the Hidden Patterns of Sphere Packing
		We can build the closest packing of spheres starting from one sphere and packing 12 spheres around the one, and that would be the first shell in the shape of a cuboctahedron.
		Chemistry has used the close packing of spheres as a model for some of the simplest structures formed by elements, that of cubic close packing (ccp) and hexagonal close packing (hcp).
		It is hard to imagine that such unique and complex relationships exist in such a simple pattern as the closest packing of spheres or stacking of oranges in the shape of pyramids.
	www.verbchu.com /crystals/patterns.htm (1258 words)

	CS-551: Lab Assignment -- Asymptotic Bin Packing Simulation
		Bin packing is the study of packing a series of requests (or weights) into a number of fixed size resources (or bins).
		Asymptotic Behavior of the First-Fit heuristic for Bin Packing.
		The inherently sequential nature of the bin packing simulation is evident from the observation that: ``To take any actions or decisions on behalf of a request, all the previous requests should have been processed''.
	www.cs.bu.edu /faculty/best/crs/cs551/bp.html (1258 words)

	PACKINGHOUSE WORKERS RETURNED TO THE JUNGLE
		The concession genie was out of the bottle and a substantial labor cost imbalance in the industry was driving packing employers to obtain mid-term contract concessions, close plants or sell off their companies.
		Rath and Cudahy, what was left of them, were demanding wages and benefits below what the prevailing wage was and went out of business when the Packinghouse Division refused to agree to their demands — demands which would have caused another free fall of wages to take place.
		It is interesting to note that when the meat packing industry was one of the best paid industries in America people who were born and raised in communities where the packing plants were located worked and retired from the plants.
	www.reapinc.org /Briefing_Papers/Packinghouse_Workers(BP6).htm (1258 words)

	Dubuque Packing Company - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In June of 1891 the Dubuque Packing Company was founded by the merger of the Dubuque Packingand Provision Company and the Dubuque Butcher's Association.
		The Dubuque Packing Company was a former meat packing company based in Dubuque, Iowa.
		Then in 1982 company management announced that the plant would close on October 16, 1982, which would put 1,200 people out of work and bring the unemployment rate up to 17.2 percent.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dubuque_Packing_Company (1258 words)

	Sphere Packing with Rhombic Dodecahedra
		For a 2D close-packing, each sphere is in contact with six neighbors, so it is easy to see that the unit cell consists of a sphere contained in a mirrored right hexagonal prism.
		This reflecting plane coincides with the equatorial plane of the 2D hexagonal packing layer.
		An infinite lattice of spheres can be modeled as a single sphere inscribed in a unit cell with reflecting boundaries (i.e., a polyhedral box of mirrors).
	dogfeathers.com /mark/carlson.html (1258 words)

	Fundamental Aspects of Solids & Sphere Packing
		asserted that there was no way of packing equivalent spheres at a greater density than that of a face-centred cubic arrangement.
		This reduces the problem of examining the packing of like atoms to that of examining the most efficient packing of any spherical object - e.g.
		The HOLES in close-packed arrangements may be filled with atoms of a different sort.
	www.chem.ox.ac.uk /icl/heyes/structure_of_solids/lecture1/lec1.html (1258 words)

	Smithfield Foods::Investor Information::Press Releases
		No liabilities would be assumed in connection with this purchase, which is expected to close on or about May 15, 2000.
		The forward-looking information may include statements concerning the Company's outlook for the future, as well as other statements of beliefs, future plans and strategies or anticipated events, and similar expressions concerning matters that are not historical facts.
		In addition, the Company has operating subsidiaries in Canada, France and Poland and participates in joint ventures in both Brazil and Mexico.
	www.smithfieldfoods.com /Investor/Press/press_view.asp?ID=22 (1258 words)

	Migration News
		Average real hourly earning in meat packing and meat processing rose from 1960 to about 1980, with the rate being higher in meat packing, then real average hourly earnings in these subindustries started a 15 year decline, where the rate of decline was slower in meat processing than meat packing (see figure 2).
		Forces for change included relatively high wage rates in meat packing and a drop in demand for red meat and excess capacity in the meat packing industry at the start of the period and strong price competition from a rapidly growing low-cost broiler growing and processing industry in the late 1960s and 1970s.
		As a result, meat packers and poultry processing operations have moved to sites close to production and located largely in small cities during the past two decades.
	migration.ucdavis.edu /cf/more.php?id=158_0_2_0 (1258 words)

	slant // magazine.com: Fatal Attraction
		Dan Gallagher (Michael Douglas) goes playing in the Meat Packing District with Alex Forrest (Glenn Close) when his goody-two-shoes wife leaves for the weekend.
		Sure, Alex may be little more than a bunny-boiling stalker and James Dearden's screenplay is rather unconcerned with the details of her psychosis but Fatal Attraction is still notable for Close's resilient, complex performance.
		Not only did Close do enough research to render her otherwise one-dimensional Alex a genuinely sympathetic portrait of female rage, Close herself voices her utmost contempt for having had to re-shoot the original ending for the existing, more audience-friendly one.
	www.slantmagazine.com /dvd/dvd_review.asp?ID=25 (1258 words)

	McMaster Chemistry: R.J. Gillespie Publications
		R. Gillespie and E. Robinson, " Molecular Geometry of "Ionic" Molecules: A Ligand Close Packing Model " Adv.
		- and Related molecules in Terms of the Ligand Close Packing Model" lnorg.
		R. Gillespie, I. Bytheway and E. Robinson "Bond Lengths and Bond Angles in Oxo, Hydroxo, and Alkoxo Molecules of Be, B and C: A Close-Packed Nearly Ionic Model" Inorg.
	www.chemistry.mcmaster.ca /faculty/gillespie/pub1992.html (1258 words)

	Lect. 4
		This close packing of the side chains is one of the contributing factors to the overall close packing in the protein, and also obviously puts some constraints on the nature of the interacting side chains.
		This takes us to the very important question of the detailed nature of the helix-helix packing interaction.
		One reason for the sidedness of helices is that they are often on the surface of a protein, and their non-polar side is packed against the non-polar interior.
	www.chemistry.ucsc.edu /teaching/Winter02/Chem200A/Outline-4.htm (1649 words)

	Biotensegrity - A Different Approach to the Mechanics of the Human Pelvis
		Intimately related to the laws of triangulation are the laws of close-packing (Pearce 1978).
		The laws of close-packing are independed of scale and apply to the molecular level as well as to plate tectonics.
		Graphite is a hexagonal close-packed array of carbon atoms in sheet and is the first structural form of carbon.
	www.biotensegrity.com /paper4.html (1649 words)

	Branston Potatoes
		Branston Potatoes is to close its packing plant in Kirton Lindsey with the loss of 70 jobs, and production will be transferred to other sites near Lincoln and in Somerset.
		Branston Potatoes and QV Foods are to combine their potato packing operations by 2008, in order to improve the service offered to Tesco, which could lead to the transfer of some of QV's 320 staff to Branston sites.
		Branston Potatoes is investing £1m at its vegetable packing plant in Lincolnshire, with the creation of 50 new jobs.
	www.ukbusinesspark.co.uk /brs77535.htm (125 words)

	Computational Science Education Reference Desk - Crystalline Solids
		crystal structure, bravais lattice, ionic compounds, metallic, metal, unit cells, cubic close packing, hexagonal close packing, primitive
		This downloadable program allows the user to display either single or multiple unit cells of the fourteen Bravais lattice structures.
		A number of actual compounds can also be viewed with the same interactivity.
	www.shodor.org /refdesk/Catalog/Item/565 (81 words)

	Facts about topic: (Andreini tessellation)
		The tiling of octahedra and tetrahedra is of special importance since its vertices form a cubic close-packing (additional info and facts about close-packing) of spheres.
		The Andreini tessellation (The act of adorning with mosaic) s are tiling (The application of tiles to cover a surface) s of three-dimensional space using Platonic (additional info and facts about Platonic) and Archimedean solid (additional info and facts about Archimedean solid) s such that all vertices are identical.
		All 28 Andreini tessellations are found in crystal (A crystalline element used as a component in various electronic devices) arrangements.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/an/andreini_tessellation.htm (274 words)

	DBLP: Takayuki Itoh
		Naveen Viswanath, Kenji Shimada, Takayuki Itoh: Quadrilateral Meshing with Anisotropy and Directionality Control via Close Packing of Rectangular Cells.
		Kenji Shimada, Atsushi Yamada, Takayuki Itoh: Anisotropic Triangulation of Parametric Surfaces via Close Packing of Ellipsoids.
		Keisuke Inoue, Takayuki Itoh, Atsushi Yamada, Tomotake Furuhata, Kenji Shimada: Face clustering of a large-scale CAD model for surface mesh generation.
	www.sigmod.org /sigmod/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/i/Itoh:Takayuki.html (314 words)

	Lect. 4
		This close packing of the side chains is one of the contributing factors to the overall close packing in the protein, and also obviously puts some constraints on the nature of the interacting side chains.
		One reason for the sidedness of helices is that they are often on the surface of a protein, and their non-polar side is packed against the non-polar interior.
		A very important feature of helices is their dipole moment, due to the vector sum of the individual dipoles from the peptide bonds aligned along the axis of the helix.
	www.chemistry.ucsc.edu /teaching/Winter02/Chem200A/Outline-4.htm (1649 words)

	Kenji Shimada -- Research
		Viswanath, N., K. Shimada and T. Itoh, "Quadrilateral Meshing with Anisotropy and Directionality Control via Close Packing of Rectangular Cells," The 9th International Meshing Roundtable, 2000.
		Viswanath, N., K. Shimada and T. Itoh, "Quadrilateral Meshing with Anisotropy and Directionality Control via Close Packing of Rectangular Cells," The 9th International Meshing Roundtable, pp.227-238, 2000.
		Inoue, K., and K. Shimada, "Surface Model Reconstruction from Wire-Frame CAD Models," Journal of the Information Processing Society of Japan, accepted 2000.
	www.andrew.cmu.edu /~shimada/research.htm (1649 words)

	Kepler conjecture
		It says that no arrangement of equal sphere s filling space has a greater average density than that of the cubic close packing (face centred cubic) and hexagonal close packing arrangements.
		In order to maximise the number of spheres in the container, you need to find an arrangement with the highest possible density, so that the spheres are packed together as closely as possible.
		Kepler had started to study arrangements of spheres as a result of his correspondence with the English mathematician and astronomer Thomas Hariot in 1606.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Kepler_conjecture.html (1649 words)

	Branston Potatoes
		Branston Potatoes is to close its packing plant in Kirton Lindsey with the loss of 70 jobs, and production will be transferred to other sites near Lincoln and in Somerset.
		Branston Potatoes and QV Foods are to combine their potato packing operations by 2008, in order to improve the service offered to Tesco, which could lead to the transfer of some of QV's 320 staff to Branston sites.
		Branston Potatoes is investing £1m at its vegetable packing plant in Lincolnshire, with the creation of 50 new jobs.
	www.ukbusinesspark.co.uk /brs77535.htm (133 words)

	HEROQUEST BUFFY NOTES
		The bonuses available to them will give a typical 'new' vampire a close combat skill of about 8W; a starting Slayer with no HP spent at all is likely to have a skill rating of about 6W using a generic hand weapon, or about 9W if using a stake.
		Whoever's playing the Slayer is likely to put some HP into close combat, so the Slayers combat skills will probably be at least 3 or 4 points higher than this.
		Typical white hats will have somewhere between 13-17 for their close combat skills; they should be able to boost this a little with some augments, this means it's likely to take 2-3 scoobies to work together to take down a vamp, probably needing to spend a hero point or two in the process.
	myweb.tiscali.co.uk /bferrie/resources/buffyhq.htm (133 words)

	Welcome to Mathsoft
		Bernal, J. Mason and K. Knight, Radial distribution of the random close packing of equal spheres, Nature 194 (1962) 956-958.
		Itoh and S. Ueda, A random packing model for elections, Ann.
		Solomon and H. Weiner, A review of the packing problem, Commun.
	www.mathsoft.com /mathsoft_resources/mathsoft_constants/ref/2199.asp (620 words)

	HerbAfrica - Rooibos and Honeybush tea direct from Africa
		In addition we seek to do value adding to this unique resource within South Africa, through steam pasteurizing and packing the teas in close proximity to the local community.
		HerbAfrica has been packing and distributing Honeybush tea and blends thereof since 1998 and is committed to sustainable harvesting practices producing the finest quality teas for the discerning, health conscious, tea drinker.
		To this end we have partnered ourselves to the Joubertina Honeybush Tea Project, which is a 60% community-owned packing plant in partnership with the major Honeybush Tea Producers and HerbAfrica.
	www.herbafrica.com (379 words)

	GRIB
		The basic outline of second order packing is to scan through the array of integers (one per grid point, or possibly less than that if the Bit Map Section has been employed to discard some of the null value points) and seek out sub-sections exhibiting relatively low variability within the sub-section.
		Before laying out where the various second order values, sub-parameters, counters, and what have you, go, it is appropriate to describe the second order packing method in an algorithmic manner.
		Excluding the (0,0) coefficient, which is usually much larger than the others, from the packing operation means that the remaining coefficients can be packed to a given precision more efficiently (fewer bits per word) than would be the case otherwise.
	www.nco.ncep.noaa.gov /pmb/docs/on388/section4.html (1991 words)

	Chem 101(SEAS) Ionic Crystal Structures
		Simple ionic crystal structures can be approached in terms of the close packing procedures developed for metallic structures.
		In these cases it is possible to visualize the structures in terms of a close packed arrangement of the larger anions, with the cations occupying the vacant interstices between the close packed layers.
		For ionic compounds the bonding forces are electrostatic and therefore omni-directional.
	www.seas.upenn.edu /~chem101/sschem/ionicsolids.html (1284 words)

	Trinidad News, Trinidad Newspaper, Trinidad Sports, Trinidad politics, Trinidad and Tobago, Tobago News, Trinidad classifieds, Trinidad TV, Sports, Business
		Its Police Station at top right, Sangre Grande, described by a member of the region's Chamber of Commerce as once being "a quiet piece of heaven", is now seeing businessmen and their families packing up and fleeing, heading to what they believe is safer
		A close confidant of Badaloo said he was now unsure of who he could trust, even within his company.
		Described by a member of the region's Chamber of Commerce as once being "a quiet piece of heaven", the town is now seeing businessmen and their families packing up and fleeing, heading to what they believe is safer ground in the United States.
	www.trinidadexpress.com /index.pl/article_news?id=84203699 (859 words)

	An Approximate Max-Steiner-Tree-Packing Min-Steiner-Cut Theorem
		In this work, we close this huge gap by presenting the first polynomial time constant factor approximation algorithm for the STEINER TREE PACKING problem.
		Given an undirected multigraph G and a subset of vertices S ⊆ V (G), the STEINER TREE PACKING problem is to find a largest collection of edge-disjoint trees that each connects S. This problem and its generalizations have attracted considerable attention from researchers in different areas because of their wide applicability.
		The main theorem is an approximate min-max relation between the maximum number of edge-disjoint trees that each connects S (i.e.
	csdl.computer.org /comp/proceedings/focs/2004/2228/00/22280061abs.htm (245 words)

	dance05.txt
		Michelle was trying to close one of two large suitcases by sitting on top and zipping the closure.
		Title : Packing Series : Dancing #05 Pairing: Maxine/Michelle Date : 18 February 1997 Rating : PG Dancing #05: Packing By YS McCool "Michelle, aren't you ready yet?" Maxine called.
		"Michelle, you go answer the door, and I'll put all this stuff into your suitcase." Michelle went down the stairs to answer the door, leaving Maxine to fit the Take pile into the suitcase.
	www.squidge.org /~flashpoint/dance/dance05.txt (245 words)

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In the News (Tue 22 Dec 09)